十字横向承载焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展寿命估算

利用一种新的计算模型，用有限元法计算了十字焊接接头疲劳裂纹尖端的应力强度因子值，并拟合了裂纹在焊根和焊趾处扩展的应力强度因子表达式。据此利用Ｆｏｒｍａｎ疲劳模型，考虑显微金相组织的影响，估算了裂纹扩展寿命，与实验值比较，结果合理。     

焊接接头疲劳评定的等效应力强度因子法

等效应力强度因子 (equivalentstressintensityfactor,简称E SIF)法是近年来提出的一种新的疲劳评定方法 ,文中采用 16Mn钢的非承载角焊缝十字接头的疲劳试验结果对E SIF法的有效性进行研究 ,并分析讨论影响这种方法的有关因素。结果表明 ,采用等效应力强度因子法能对 16Mn钢非承载角焊缝十字接头的疲劳性能作出合理的评定 ,并能预测焊接接头的疲劳断裂位置 ,且该方法适合于焊态接头和较小焊趾半径的疲劳评定。等效应力强度因子法对应力集中区单元尺寸有一定的依赖性 ,对实际焊接接头的焊趾半径变化范围 (在 0 .15mm～ 0 .8mm内 ) ,选择焊趾半径与最小单元尺寸的比值 ρ/emin>1.7时 ,可以获得合理有效的等效应力强度因子ΔKⅠ 值计算结果 ;当焊接接头的焊趾半径较小 ( 0 .15mm～ 0 .40mm)时 ,等效应力强度因子法更为合理     

局部法评定铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳性能

三种不同的局部法,临界距离法、应力平均法和等效应力强度因子法,用于评估Al6082-T6铝管搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头的疲劳性能。结果表明,3种疲劳评定方法都能对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头做出合理的评定。运用临界距离法时采用Peterson修正公式计算临界距离参数L,结果表明该方法能够精确预测出Al6082-T6铝管搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头的疲劳极限,预测误差仅4%,并能预测出接头疲劳薄弱区域;应力平均法的预测结果偏保守,预测结果较试验值低7.46%,其将焊趾视为尖锐缺口的做法具有工程应用价值。等效应力强度因子法通过将接头模拟成带标准裂纹的构件来计算焊接接头等效应力强度因子范围,并通过与接头裂纹扩展门槛值比较来判断焊接件是否发生疲劳失效,结果表明等效应力强度因子法能够对Al6082-T6搅拌摩擦焊接头做出合理的疲劳评定。     

T形焊接接头根部裂纹应力强度因子研究

建立T形焊接接头根部裂纹的半椭圆裂纹模型,定义裂纹模型的构形参数以及边界条件,分析裂纹尖端的应力强度因子。采用奇异单元法,通过有限元计算,模拟裂纹尖端的应力奇异性。并通过收敛性检验确定裂纹尖端的单元尺寸。在此基础上,计算裂纹尖端量纲一应力强度因子,并分析其受几何参数影响的变化规律。计算结果表明,对于给定的载荷条件下,不同初始裂纹尺寸时,裂纹尖端的应力强度因子存在一定的规律性,且不同几何参数对应力强度因子的影响程度存在一定差异,因此,对焊接结构疲劳强度研究时需要有一定的侧重点。采用多重线性回归方法拟合仿真计算结果,这些结果为进一步研究T形焊接接头根部裂纹扩展和疲劳寿命预测提供参考。     

基于ANSYS的裂纹尖端应力强度因子研究

通过ANSYS建立焊接接头三区域模型。分别定义了不同的力学性能参数来模拟焊接接头各个区域力学性能的不均匀性,分别计算裂纹处在焊接接头各个区域的应力强度因子。计算结果表明：焊缝应力强度因子最低,母材次之,热影响区最高。说明材料的屈服强度与裂纹尖端的应力强度因子有密切的关系。屈服强度越高,应力强度因子越低。     

铸造起重机金属结构的疲劳评定方法研究

铸造起重机金属结构的疲劳裂纹源主要位于构造形状突变区域的焊趾部位,裂纹从焊趾处萌生并扩展,因此必须引入局部应力概念对其进行疲劳评定。针对某在役铸造起重机金属结构,分别采用基于中值主S-N曲线的等效结构应力法和基于等效结构应力强度因子的断裂力学法,估算了端梁结构4条主焊缝危险点的疲劳寿命。结合铸造起重机实测裂纹数据进行了反推计算,获得了等效结构应力法的适用S-N曲线和断裂力学法的适用初始裂纹表面长度。研究表明,常规参数的等效结构应力法和断裂力学法是一般焊接结构疲劳评定的有效方法,但针对焊缝质量有特殊要求的重要焊接结构,必须采用合理的参数才能获得较准确的估算结果。     

2195铝锂合金火箭贮箱焊接接头强度分析

为确定火箭贮箱搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)焊接接头疲劳寿命,完成对贮箱结构的疲劳分析,对2195铝锂合金母材标准试件与搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头标准试验件进行静力试验与常幅疲劳试验,得出母材与FSW焊接接头的拉伸强度等力学性能参数,同时绘制其S-N曲线。在试验数据基础上,应用ABAQUS软件对贮箱进行静力分析,联合NCODE软件估算贮箱模型在给定工况载荷下的疲劳寿命。结果表明：应力最严重位置为筒段焊缝处,最先破坏位置发生在筒段横竖焊缝交接处。在疲劳寿命分析的基础上应用ABAQUS-FRANC3D软件联合仿真,在焊缝破坏位置处插入角裂纹,模拟三维裂纹扩展,当裂纹扩展为穿透裂纹时,计算终止。计算了三维表面裂纹的应力强度因子和裂纹扩展寿命,为贮箱损伤容限提供了评估思路。     

核电汽轮机转子焊缝金属原奥氏体尺寸对疲劳裂纹稳定扩展区和近门槛区临界点的影响规律研究

研究了25Cr2Ni2MoV核电汽轮机低压焊接转子模拟件埋弧焊焊缝金属疲劳裂纹扩展速率和应力强度因子幅关系曲线,发现了不同试样疲劳裂纹稳定扩展区和近门槛区临界点对应的应力强度因子幅不同的现象。使用逆推法在金相中确定了临界点位置,并进一步研究了临界点处的原奥氏体晶粒尺寸,发现其与裂纹尖端单向塑性区最大尺寸有较好的对应关系。而模拟件多层多道焊焊缝金属组织不均匀性带来的临界点位置的差异是造成门槛值测试结果分散的重要原因之一。     

汽车下摆臂断裂失效分析

采用OM、SEM、光谱仪等设备对下摆臂焊合件的焊接接头及母材显微组织、断口显微形貌和材料的化学成分进行了分析,发现焊缝中存在根部裂纹及焊缝边缘存在未熔合缺陷。由于焊接工艺不当,导致下摆臂在焊接接头中形成冷裂纹,在服役应力的作用下,疲劳裂纹扩展,最终导致下摆臂断裂失效。结果表明:通过焊接工艺的改进,增加焊后去应力退火,可降低冷裂纹风险。     

起重机承轨梁翼缘焊缝受力分析

起重机承轨梁翼缘焊缝受力分析大连理工大学张晓丽，屈福政，高顺德本溪钢铁公司二钢厂吴成民，杜小平冶金起重机较多采用的偏轨箱形主梁及空腹四柜架工字主梁都是小车轨道的承轨梁。它们的主梁翼缘焊缝损坏较多，主要由于这类焊缝的受力为双向应力状态。当构件同一计算点...     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.