2007年广东省15～69岁居民吸烟行为流行特征分析

目的了解广东省居民的吸烟现状及与吸烟有关的知识、态度、行为等,为进一步开展控烟工作和推动省级控烟立法提供依据。方法使用2007年广东省慢性病及其危险因素监测调查数据,采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,随机选取6647名15～69岁的调查对象进行调查。结果人群现在吸烟率为27．59％,男、女分别为56．10％、1．61％,男性明显高于女性（X2=2462．156,P〈O．01）;戒烟率为12．42％;开始吸第1支烟年龄中位数为16．0岁,开始每天吸烟年龄中位数为18．0岁。39．51％的不吸烟者受到被动吸烟的危害,家里是被动吸烟的主要场所。结论广东省居民的吸烟率仍维持在较高水平,需进一步加强吸烟有害健康的宣传教育,提高居民对吸烟有害健康的认识,禁止在公共场所吸烟。降低人群吸烟率。     

河南省居民吸烟现状调查

目的:了解河南省居民的吸烟状况,为开展针对性的控烟工作提供依据。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,调查河南省15～69岁居民2056人的吸烟情况。结果:河南省居民的吸烟率为21.11%;男性吸烟率为44.49%(420/944),女性为1.26%(14/1112),男性高于女性(χ2=573.034,P<0.001);现在吸烟率为20.09%(413/2056)。不同年龄、职业和收入水平居民的吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.672,69.101和54.166,P<0.001)。吸烟者中有25.35%的人尝试过戒烟,戒烟成功率仅为4.84%,而且仅有13.32%的人打算在1a内戒烟。现在吸烟者开始吸烟时的年龄平均为21.92岁(95%CI为21.25～22.58岁),超过83.82%的现在吸烟者开始吸烟时的年龄不到25周岁。男性开始吸烟年龄早于女性(Z=2.219,P=0.027),烟龄长于女性(Z=2.219,P=0.027),但吸烟量差异无统计学意义(Z=1.746,P=0.081)。79.18%的调查对象知晓吸烟危害健康;现在吸烟者、戒烟者和从不吸烟者知晓率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.208,P=0.332)。结论:河南省居民吸烟率仍然较高,控烟工作仍面临巨大的挑战。     

上海市某区一级医院门诊病人吸烟现况调查与分析

目的　了解上海市某区一级医院门诊病人吸烟现状及其影响因素。方法　对 5 4 0名门诊病人进行问卷调查。结果　烟民占调查对象的 38 8% ,吸烟率 35 9% (男性吸烟率 6 1 6 % ,女性吸烟率 2 1% ) ,现在吸烟率2 6 3%。城镇患者吸烟率为 33 0 % ,农村患者吸烟率为 37 6 %。开始吸烟的平均年龄为 (2 1 6± 5 6 )岁 ,吸烟主要原因为社交需要 ,5 2 2 %的吸烟者近 6个月内没有戒烟打算 ,35 1%从未考虑戒烟的原因是烟瘾 ,37 5 %的烟民从医生处得到简单的劝告 ,仅 15 0 %的烟民从医生处得到详细的吸烟危害健康的说明。结论　吸烟与性别、对被动吸烟危害性的认识情况有关。大部分调查对象对吸烟和被动吸烟危害健康的认识较好 ,但是医务人员帮助病人戒烟的建议和劝告明显不够     

中国城乡居民吸烟行为及其影响因素分析

目的:了解中国城乡居民吸烟现状及其吸烟行为影响因素,为开展控烟教育及行为干预提供依据?方法:使用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)2009年数据,对9 995名(男4 763人,女5 232人)18周岁及以上居民的吸烟行为,包括吸烟率?现在吸烟率?重型吸烟率?平均吸烟量等进行描述性分析并对数据进行多元Logistic 回归分析,探讨我国城乡居民吸烟行为影响因素?结果:我国18周岁及以上居民吸烟率为31.06%,现在吸烟率为27.65%,男女现在吸烟率分别为 54.25%和3.44%,男性高于女性?吸烟者开始吸烟年龄中位数为 20 岁,现在吸烟者日均吸烟中位数为 20 支?Logistic 逐步回归分析显示,性别(OR=0.039,95%CI:0.033~0.046)?文化程度(OR=0.797,95%CI:0.738~0.861)?饮酒(OR=2.406,95%CI:2.138~2.709)和家庭人均年收入(OR=0.870,95%CI:0.786~0.964)是吸烟的相关影响因素,在以医生或教师?未婚和70岁以上年龄组为对照时,职业?婚姻状况和年龄亦是吸烟的影响因素?结论:我国城乡居民的吸烟率依旧很高,烟草控制仍然面临着巨大的挑战,应采取有针对性的措施加强控烟 工作?     

1020名中学生的吸烟行为及其影响因素调查

为了解平罗县中学生吸烟状况,为控烟措施提供依据,于2008年4月对平罗县5所中学1020名学生进行了吸烟行为调查,采用格式化问卷方法调查学生吸烟情况.结果 ,尝试吸烟率初中生为25.37%,高中生为44.54%,男生与女生差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);青少年开始吸烟年龄集中在10～15岁;中学生尝试吸烟的主要原因是好奇、心情不好和朋友影响.分别占第一次尝试吸烟者的44.00%、28.80%和18.40%.87.10%吸烟者买烟没有遇到困难.吸烟率及吸烟量随年龄增长而上升,在初中至高中阶段是一个快速上升期,要把健康教育的重点放在这个年龄段上.     

云南省纳西族居民烟草暴露相关慢性阻塞性肺疾病的经济负担研究

背景　慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）现已成为一个重要的公共卫生问题,其患病率较高,治疗费用高昂,因COPD带来的疾病经济负担较重。目的　对云南省纳西族居民归因于吸烟和被动吸烟的COPD经济负担进行分析。方法　于2018年7-8月,运用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,在云南省丽江市玉龙纳西族自治县抽取年龄≥35岁的纳西族居民进行问卷调查及肺功能检查。测算人均直接疾病经济负担、人均间接疾病经济负担、COPD患者的总经济负担、归因于吸烟/被动吸烟的经济负担。结果　共发放问卷2 600份,回收有效问卷2 531份,有效回收率为97.35%。云南省纳西族居民COPD的患病率为17.66%,吸烟率为40.58%,被动吸烟率为38.29%;其中男性吸烟率高于女性（P<0.001）;女性被动吸烟率高于男性（P<0.001）。吸烟者〔OR=1.903,95%CI（1.507,2.404）〕和被动吸烟者〔OR=2.195,95%CI（1.718,2.805）〕患COPD的可能性高于非吸烟者和非被动吸烟者。云南省纳西族COPD患者的人均直接疾病经济负担、间接疾病经济负担和疾病经济负担分别为2 827.82元、105.00元和2 932.82元,总疾病经济负担为6 407万元;其中归因于吸烟、被动吸烟的经济负担分别为1 718万元、2 011万元;男性归因于被动吸烟的经济负担低于吸烟,而女性则相反。结论　吸烟和被动吸烟给当地带来了沉重的疾病经济负担。加大控烟力度、降低吸烟率和被动吸烟率,有助于减轻COPD的经济负担。     

德兴市15岁以上居民吸烟现况调查分析

目的:了解目前德兴市居民的吸烟状况,为实施健康教育,开展控烟工作提供依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法对辖区行政机关、卫生事业单位及农村居民中15岁以上人群进行抽样调查。结果:共调查656人,总吸烟率为26.98%,男性吸烟率高于女性;行政机关、卫生部门、农村居民吸烟率均较高;主要吸烟场所为家庭和娱乐场所;吸烟的主要原因为社交需要、好奇和受他人影响;吸烟者对吸烟的危害普遍认识不足。结论:控烟工作任重道远,要强化吸烟危害健康的宣传,提高烟民的控烟意识,促使其积极参与控烟履约行动,加快控烟进程。     

上海市虹口区15～69岁人群吸烟行为、态度及影响因素

目的 了解上海市虹口区居民的吸烟行为、态度和可能的影响因素,为开展控烟工作提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,共抽取上海市虹口区15～69岁对象960人,其中958人完成了吸烟情况的调查。结果 该区15～69岁人群吸烟率和标化吸烟率分别为20.04%和18.73%,男性吸烟率和标化吸烟率分别为41.05%和30.07%,女性吸烟率和标化吸烟率分别为0.80%和1.70%,男性吸烟率高于女性（RR＝0.02,95%CI：0.01～0.03）;25岁以上各年龄组吸烟率高于15～24岁组;大专及以上文化程度人群吸烟率低于初中及以下文化程度人群（RR＝0.45,95%CI：0.25～0.79）;饮酒人群吸烟率高于不饮酒人群（RR＝2.68,95%CI：1.76～4.09）。家庭人均年收入越低、烟草危害知识得分越高的人群越反对吸烟,赞同禁烟。结论 上海市虹口区15～69岁人群吸烟率较低,性别、年龄、文化程度和饮酒情况是影响吸烟情况的因素。应加强对35岁以上人群的控烟教育;对文化程度较低的人群应加强吸烟有害知识的宣传,纠正其对吸烟和禁烟的态度;在控烟教育的同时应强调控制饮酒。     

我国18岁及以上人群家庭健康功能、大五人格与吸烟的关系

目的: 探究我国18岁及以上人群家庭健康功能、大五人格与吸烟行为的关系。方法: 选取《2021年中国家庭健康指数调查报告》中18岁及以上人群作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、家庭健康量表简版、大五人格量表简版收集信息,采用二分类Logistic回归分析人口学特征、家庭健康功能、大五人格对吸烟行为的影响情况。结果: 纳入的18岁及以上人群共10 315例,其中有2 171例吸烟者,吸烟率为21.05%,男性吸烟率为41.76%,女性吸烟率为3.69%,城市吸烟率为20.03%,农村吸烟率为23.77%。吸烟者在总体家庭健康功能、家庭内部情感交流、家庭健康生活方式、家庭健康资源、家庭外部社会支持以及宜人性、神经质、开放性中的得分低于不吸烟者,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄>35岁、文化程度低、离异是我国成人吸烟的危险因素(P < 0.05);女性、未婚、核心家庭、家庭内部情感交流良好、家庭健康资源丰富、人格特质为宜人性、神经质、开放性是我国成人吸烟的保护因素(P < 0.05)。结论: 除性别、年龄、常住地、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、家庭类型等吸烟的传统影响因素外,家庭健康功能及大五人格亦是我国成人吸烟行为的影响因素。今后可针对不同人群家庭健康功能状况及人格的多样性,采取个性化的控烟措施。     

上海市虹口区15～69岁人群吸烟行为、态度及影响因素

目的 了解上海市虹口区居民的吸烟行为、态度和可能的影响因素,为开展控烟工作提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,共抽取上海市虹口区15～69岁对象960人,其中958人完成了吸烟情况的调查.结果 该区15～69岁人群吸烟率和标化吸烟率分别为20.04%和18.73%,男性吸烟率和标化吸烟率分别为41.05%和30.07%,女性吸烟率和标化吸烟率分别为0.80%和1.70%,男性吸烟率高于女性(RR＝0.02,95%CI:0.01～0.03);25岁以上各年龄组吸烟率高于15～24岁组;大专及以上文化程度人群吸烟率低于初中及以下文化程度人群(RR＝0.45,95%CI:0.25～0.79);饮酒人群吸烟率高于不饮酒人群(RR＝2.68,95%CI:1.76～4.09).家庭人均年收入越低、烟草危害知识得分越高的人群越反对吸烟,赞同禁烟.结论 上海市虹口区15～69岁人群吸烟率较低,性别、年龄、文化程度和饮酒情况是影响吸烟情况的因素.应加强对35岁以上人群的控烟教育;对文化程度较低的人群应加强吸烟有害知识的宣传,纠正其对吸烟和禁烟的态度;在控烟教育的同时应强调控制饮酒.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.