高硼多组分铸铁的组织及相元素分布

这种新提出的新型铸铁的化学成分为在0.7C–5W–5Mo–5V–10Cr–2.5Ti (wt%)中分别添加1.6wt% B和2.7wt% B。这项工作的目的是研究硼的含量对合金的结构状态和阶段元素分布对耐磨结构成分的形成影响。结果表明,当B含量为1.6wt%时,合金由三种共晶组成:(a) “M₂(C,B)₅+铁素体”具有“汉字”形貌 (89.8vol%), (b) “M₇(CB)₃+奥氏体”具有“莲座”形貌,(c) “M₃C+奥氏体”具有“莱氏体”形貌 (2.7vol%)。当硼含量为2.7wt%时,基体硬度由HRC 31提高到HRC 38.5。组织中出现了平均显微硬度为HV 2797的初生碳化物M₂(C,B)₅,体积分数为17.6vol%。共晶体(a)和(b,c)的体积分数分别降低到71.2vol%和3.9vol%。基体为“铁素体/奥氏体” (1.6wt% B) 和“铁素体/珠光体”(2.7wt% B),两种铸铁均含有致密析出碳化物(Ti,M)C和碳硼化物(Ti,M)(C,В),体积分数为7.3%–7.5%。基于能量色散X射线能谱,给出了元素相的分布和相应的相公式。     

Effect of MgO content in sinter on the softening–melting behavior of mixed burden made from chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite

The effect of sinter with different MgO contents on the softening–melting behavior of mixed burden made from chromium- bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite was investigated. The results show that with increasing MgO content in the sinter, the softening interval and melting interval increased and the location of the cohesive zone shifted downward slightly and became moderately thicker. The softening–melting characteristic value was less pronounced when the MgO content in the sinter was 2.98wt%–3.40wt%. Increasing MgO content in the sinter reduced the content and recovery of V and Cr in the dripped iron. In addition, greater MgO contents in the sinter resulted in the generation of greater amounts of high-melting-point components, which adversely affected the permeability of the mixed burden. When the softening–melting behavior of the mixed burden and the recovery of valuable elements were taken into account, proper MgO contents in the sinter and slag ranged from 2.98wt% to 3.40wt% and from 11.46wt% to 12.72wt%, respectively, for the smelting of burden made from chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite in a blast furnace.     

高铬型钒钛磁铁矿烧结试验

在高铬型钒钛磁铁矿基础特性研究的基础上,进行了配矿优化和烧结杯试验,并对烧结产物进行显微分析.结果表明,该矿烧结基本特性差,随着配比的提高,垂直烧结速度和产品转鼓指数下降,成品率和利用系数先升后降.另外,显微结构分析表明,高铬型钒钛烧结矿矿物组成主要有磁铁矿、赤铁矿、钙钛矿、铁酸钙、硅酸二钙和玻璃质.随着该矿配比的提高,烧结矿中铁酸钙、硅酸二钙含量降低,钙钛矿及玻璃相含量增加,液相量不足.因此,在实际生产中,该矿配比宜控制在10%~20%之间.     

冷却方式对钒钛磁铁矿烧结过程和烧结矿强度的影响

对承钢烧结矿冷却方式与钒钛磁铁矿烧结过程和烧结矿强度的关系进行研究,研究结果表明:机上冷却可以促使烧结矿中的磁铁矿和玻璃质含量降低,赤铁矿、铁酸钙和硅酸盐含量提高,使烧结成品率提高;改善了烧结矿冷态机械强度和低温还原粉化性能。打水冷却会明显降低烧结成品率,同时对烧结矿冷态机械强度和低温还原粉化性能带来十分不利的影响。     

Abrasive resistance of metastable V–Cr–Mn–Ni spheroidal carbide cast irons using the factorial design method

Full factorial design was used to evaluate the two-body abrasive resistance of 3wt%C–4wt%Mn–1.5wt%Ni spheroidal carbide cast irons with varying vanadium (5.0wt%–10.0wt%) and chromium (up to 9.0wt%) contents. The alloys were quenched at 920℃. The regression equation of wear rate as a function of V and Cr contents was proposed. This regression equation shows that the wear rate decreases with increasing V content because of the growth of spheroidal VC carbide amount. Cr influences the overall response in a complex manner both by reducing the wear rate owing to eutectic carbides (M₇C₃) and by increasing the wear rate though stabilizing austenite to deformation-induced martensite transformation. This transformation is recognized as an important factor in increasing the abrasive response of the alloys. By analyzing the regression equation, the optimal content ranges are found to be 7.5wt%–10.0wt% for V and 2.5wt%–4.5wt% for Cr, which corresponds to the alloys containing 9vol%–15vol% spheroidal VC carbides, 8vol%–16vol% M₇C₃, and a metastable austenite/martensite matrix. The wear resistance is 1.9–2.3 times that of the traditional 12wt% V–13wt% Mn spheroidal carbide cast iron.     

水钢3#烧结机台车截面的烧结矿组织结构分析

应用光学显微镜和X-射线衍射分析水钢3#烧结机台车截面烧结矿的组织结构,结果表明烧结矿以磁铁矿为主,组织结构均匀致密,铁酸钙为主要的粘结相,形成熔蚀和粒状结构,强度较高;而台车边缘和表层烧结矿的组织结构疏松,部分呈蜂窝状,铁酸钙较少,硅酸二钙和玻璃质较多,形成骸晶状和共晶结构,强度较低,致使返矿较高。     

MgO对含钛烧结矿矿相结构及软熔滴落性能的影响

为了深入探究MgO对烧结矿矿物组成及冶金性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜和荷重软化熔滴设备研究了MgO对含钛烧结矿矿相结构与软熔滴落性能影响.实验结果表明,随着烧结料中MgO质量分数从2.04％增加到3.96％,烧结过程液相生成量逐渐减少,烧结矿中的赤铁矿和铁酸钙等含量都有不同程度的降低,赤铁矿质量分数从13.57％降低到9.99％,铁酸钙的质量分数由38.7％降低到30.17％,磁铁矿、硅酸盐和烧结矿中的孔洞逐步增加.因此,增加烧结矿中MgO会降低烧结矿中液相生成量,不利于烧结矿转鼓强度和还原性的提高.高碱度含钛烧结矿中的镁主要分布于烧结矿中复合铁酸钙相中,进一步提高烧结矿中镁的质量分数,烧结矿的磁铁矿相比例将增加,有一部分镁固溶于磁铁矿中;在高镁烧结矿中,也会形成一定量的橄榄石,其中固溶有少量镁、钛等元素.随着烧结矿中MgO质量分数的增加,开始软化温度逐渐升高,试样软化开始温度均在1120℃以上,软化温度区间△tA随着MgO含量的升高而逐渐变宽.     

烧结过程铁酸钙的生成速度

试验研究表明,铁矿石烧结过程中铁酸钙生成速度主要由反应温度所决定。一般情况下,铁酸钙生成量随时间的增长和温度的升高而增多。在模拟鞍钢原料有 SiO_2等组分条件下,铁酸钙生成量在高温烧结后期有所下降。通过试验得出在不同条件下的铁酸钙生成量和烧结时间的定量关系。烧结料配碳量增加,铁酸钙生成量减少。     

Infiltration behavior of sintering liquid on nuclei ores during low-titanium ore sintering process

Sinter strength is dependent not only on the self-intensity of the residual rude and bonding phase but also on the bonding degree between them. The infiltration behavior of sintering liquid on nuclei ores influences the bonding degree, which ultimately determines the sinter strength. Infiltration tests were conducted using micro-sinter equipment. The infiltration area index of original liquid (IAO), infiltration volume index of secondary liquid (IVS), and sinter body bonding strength (SBS) were proposed to study the melt infiltration behavior. The results show that the IVS first increases and then decreases with increasing TiO₂ content in adhering fines, whereas the IAO exhibits the opposite behavior. Compared with the original liquid, the secondary liquid shows lower porosity, smaller pores, and more uniform distribution. The SBS increases first and then decreases with increasing IAO and TiO₂ content, and reaches a maximum when the IAO and TiO₂ contents are approximately 0.5 and 2.0wt%, respectively. The SBS first increases and then tends to be stable with increasing IVS. The TiO₂ content is suggested to be controlled to approximately 2.0wt% in low-titanium ore sintering.     

Sintering characteristics of fluxes and their structure optimization

Sintering characteristics of common fluxes and sintering blending ores, such as mineralization capacity, liquid generation capacity, consolidation strength, were examined to master the behavior and effect of fluxes in sintering. Based on fundamental studies, sinter pot tests were carried out to obtain the principles of optimizing the sinter flux structure. The results showed that strong mineralization capacity, liquid phase generation capacity, and consolidation strength were obtained as sintering blending ores combined with the calcareous flux, while relatively poor sintering characteristics were obtained as sintering blending ores combined with the magnesian flux. High reactive quicklime should be used as much as possible in the sintering mixture. It reached better sintering results while quicklime was used instead of limestone and its appropriate proportion in the sintering mixture was around 4wt%. On the premise of ensuring the MgO content, the dolomite amount should be decreased, and the substitution of quicklime for dolomite caused better sintering results. The granularity of serpentine should be refined with a proper size smaller than 2 mm. The application of the divided addition method brought the best sintering performance with 30wt% of quicklime and 70wt% of fuel.     

不同钒钛磁铁矿炉料冶金性能的对比研究

取两种典型的钒钛磁铁矿对应的烧结矿和球团矿,研究其物相组成和微观结构并进行比较分析.模拟现场高炉条件,在实验室测定炉料软熔滴落性能,并对未滴落渣进行物相分析和微观结构分析.结果表明:高铬钒钛磁铁矿烧结矿以磁铁矿、赤铁矿为主,有少量的铁酸钙和硅酸盐,而高钛钒钛磁铁矿烧结矿铁酸钙和硅酸盐较多,还出现明显的钙钛矿;两种钒钛磁铁矿球团矿没有明显差异.相比高钛钒钛磁铁矿炉料,高铬钒钛磁铁矿炉料有高的熔化温度,较窄的熔化区间,其更有利于高炉的顺行.高铬钒钛磁铁矿未滴落渣以黄长石为基质相,而高钛钒钛磁铁矿未滴落渣以辉石为基质相,在金属铁周围遍布较多粒状TiC.     

Basic characteristics of Australian iron ore concentrate and its effects on sinter properties during the high-limonite sintering process

The basic characteristics of Australian iron ore concentrate (Ore-A) and its effects on sinter properties during a high-limonite sintering process were studied using micro-sinter and sinter pot methods. The results show that the Ore-A exhibits good granulation properties, strong liquid flow capability, high bonding phase strength and crystal strength, but poor assimilability. With increasing Ore-A ratio, the tumbler index and the reduction index (RI) of the sinter first increase and then decrease, whereas the softening interval (?T) and the softening start temperature (T_10%) of the sinter exhibit the opposite behavior; the reduction degradation index (RDI_+3.15) of the sinter increases linearly, but the sinter yield exhibits no obvious effects. With increasing Ore-A ratio, the distribution and crystallization of the minerals are improved, the main bonding phase first changes from silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) to kirschsteinite, silicate, and SFCA and then transforms to 2CaO·SiO₂ and SFCA. Given the utilization of Ore-A and the improvement of the sinter properties, the Ore-A ratio in the high-limonite sintering process is suggested to be controlled at approximately 6wt%.     

w(TiO2)对高铬型钒钛磁铁矿烧结矿冶金性能的影响

以高铬型钒钛磁铁矿和普通磁铁矿精矿混合料为原料，通过烧结杯试验考察了TiO₂质量分数对高铬型钒钛磁铁矿烧结矿性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着TiO₂质量分数从6.30%增加到11.76%，转鼓指数逐渐降低，烧结矿强度降低，垂直烧结速度、成品率和烧结杯利用系数均呈现上升的趋势；直径小于5mm的小粒径烧结矿的比例逐渐降低，粒度有增大的趋势；随着TiO₂质量分数的增加，赤铁矿含量降低，磁铁矿含量增加，同时，钙钛矿和Fe₉TiO₁₅相也增加.低温还原粉化指数有上升的趋势，相反还原性降低.     

B2O3对磁铁矿烧结过程铁酸钙形成的影响

研究了磁铁矿烧结过程初期液相的形成及加入Ｂ２Ｏ３ 对铁酸钙生成的影响。在磁铁矿烧结过程中,初期液相形成于ＦｅＯｎ－ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２系;ＣａＯ溶解于ＦｅＯｎ－ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２ 系初期液相,饱和时析出２ＣａＯ·ＳｉＯ２（Ｃ２Ｓ）。在冷却带,由液相中进一步析出Ｃ２Ｓ,同时析出铁酸钙。加入含硼物质可增加铁酸钙的生成量,减少硅酸钙的生成量。     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al_2O_3-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al_2O_3-(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases A12O3 and(W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound Mo Ni also existed in sintered nanocomposites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

铁酸钙熔体对赤铁矿的渗透行为及对烧结强度的影响

考察了铁酸钙熔体添加SiO2或Al2O3对赤铁矿渗透行为的影响.采用以铁酸钙为粘结相的烧结赤铁矿试样,考察在铁酸钙中添加SiO2或Al2O3对烧结试样抗折和抗压强度的影响.试验结果表明,添加SiO2和Al2O3抑制了铁酸钙熔体对赤铁矿的渗透行为.在1300℃,恒温20min条件下,在铁酸钙中添加质量分数为2%的SiO2的烧结赤铁矿有最大的抗折和抗压强度,这是由于添加了SiO2的铁酸钙具有较短的熔化时间和较好的渗透性,在烧结过程中充分形成流动性好的液相,提高了粘结相固结铁矿石颗粒的作用.     

烧结矿中MgO对钒钛矿综合炉料软熔滴落的影响

以钒钛磁铁矿炼铁原料为基础,系统研究了烧结矿中Mg O质量分数对高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿综合炉料软熔滴落性能和V,Cr在渣铁中迁移规律的影响,并进行了理论分析.研究表明,随着烧结矿中Mg O质量分数的提高,综合炉料的软化区间t40-t4变宽;熔化区间tD-tS稍有收窄,软熔带变薄且位置略微下移;熔滴性能总特征值S先减小后增大,综合炉料透气性先变好后恶化,在Mg O质量分数为2.98%~3.40%时透气性最好;滴落率逐渐变小;V,Cr在滴落铁中的收得率略有降低;因此,烧结矿中Mg O质量分数在3.40%左右为宜,此时高炉渣中Mg O质量分数约为12%.     

Comparison of reduction disintegration characteristics of TiO2-rich burdens prepared with sintering process and composite agglomeration process

To reveal the impact of the composite agglomeration process (CAP) on the reduction disintegration properties of TiO2-rich iron-making burden for a blast furnace, the reduction disintegration indices (RDIs), mineral constituents, and microstructure of the products pre-pared by the CAP and the traditional sintering process (TSP) were investigated. The results showed that, compared to the sinter with a ba-sicity of 2.0 prepared by the TSP, the RDI+6.3 and the RDI+3.15 of the CAP product with the same basicity increased by 28.2wt%and 13.7wt%, respectively, whereas the RDI?0.5 decreased by 2.7wt%. The analysis of the mineral constituents and microstructure of the products indicated that the decreasing titanohematite content decreased the volume expansion during reduction. Meanwhile, the decreasing perovskite content decreased its detrimental effect on the reduction disintegration properties. In addition, the higher silicoferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) content improved the strength of the CAP product. Together, these factors result in an improvement of the RDI of the CAP products. In addition, compared to the sinter, the reduced CAP products clearly contained fewer cracks, which also led to mitigation of reduction disintegration.     

DMF铁矿粉在含铬型钒钛混合料烧结中的应用

对一种低品位廉价赤铁粉(DMF粉)配加在含铬型钒钛混合料中烧结的可行性进行了研究.通过微型烧结装置和熔点测定仪对DMF粉的液相流动性和溶化特性进行了分析.结果表明,DMF粉液相流动性好,液相开始生成温度ts及有效液相终止温度tf较低,溶化区间t较宽,溶化时间τm充分,安全液相量的生成速度较小(0.125 mm/min),可弥补含铬型钒钛烧结矿液相量的不足,实现优化配矿.烧结杯实验结果表明,配加10%DMF粉的含铬型钒钛烧结矿各项指标均较好,且有利于高炉的稳定顺行.     

硼对钒钛磁铁矿烧结微观结构的影响

为研究硼的含量对钒钛磁铁烧结矿微观结构的影响,利用XRD和扫描电镜对实验样品进行观察,发现添加适量的硼能够对钒钛烧结矿中硅酸盐的生成起抑制作用,并改善钒钛磁铁烧结矿表面结构,提高烧结矿液相生成能力、固相固结性能、抗粉化性同时降低孔隙率。当烧结矿中硼含量达到1.5%~2.5%时实验效果最佳。