工业设备化学清洗方法与缓蚀技术

文中简要介绍了工业设备常规化学清洗方法、清洗药剂和缓蚀剂,并对镀锌设备化学清洗、铝设备化学清洗、硫酸钙垢化学清洗、聚合物-催化剂复合垢化学清洗、盐酸高温下化学清洗、土酸高温下化学清洗以及固体清洗剂的高温下化学清洗及相应多种高效缓蚀剂进行了系统综述。     

提高电站锅炉化学清洗质量的几点建议

在火力发电厂电站锅炉化学清洗工作中 ,如何提高和保证化学清洗质量 ,使化学清洗质量上水平、上台阶 ,这是每一个化学清洗工作者所关心的问题。本文就电站锅炉化学清洗的实施中遇到的一些影响清洗质量的具体问题提出了几点改进措施 ,使化学清洗工艺得到了进一步的完善     

工业清洗技术在化肥厂的应用

介绍冷换设备的化学清洗、“尿素难溶垢”的清洗、高压蒸汽发生系统的化学清洗、循环冷却水系统不停车化学清洗,高压射流清洗,叙述工业清洗技术在化肥厂的应用和发展。     

火力发电厂超(超)临界机组化学清洗技术述评

介绍了国内火力发电厂超临界机组化学清洗技术现状,阐述火力发电厂超临界机组化学清洗药剂种类及特性、化学清洗工艺以及清洗废液处理,指出了火力发电厂超临界机组化学清洗技术存在的问题和发展方向。     

浅谈喷射式清洗中的节能措施

喷射式清洗是以射流的机械力(冲击力)为主,化学清洗为辅的一种清洗油污的方法。喷射式清洗是化学清洗中主要的清洗手段,其应用范围很广。在喷射式清洗中,如果清洗参数和工艺选择不当,清洗的能源消耗将大大增加,化学清洗节能、降本的优点就无从谈起,化学清洗就得不到广泛地推广。因此,每一个化学清洗工作者和清洗设备的设计者,必须认识化学清洗中节能的意义,研究化学清洗的机理,分析化学清洗中与能源相关的因素,找出化学清洗中耗能大的原因,总结化学清洗中节能的经验,以取得节能降本的效果。喷射式清洗中很多因素与能源消耗有关,概括而言有两个:一是与喷射式清洗的基本参     

污水处理MBR膜工艺膜系统清洗的应用

本文结合深圳市某水质净化厂MBR膜工艺的实际应用情况,对MBR膜系统分别进行了在线化学清洗、离线原位化学清洗、离线非原位化学优化清洗实验,并通过跨膜压差和产水量进行清洗效果评估。经评估,优化后的在线化学清洗+离线非原位化学清洗的模式清洗效果良好,整体运行效果稳定。     

超临界机组锅炉及过热器化学清洗

火力发电厂普遍存在过热器氧化皮问题,实践证明,通过化学清洗的方法可以经济、有效地解决过热器氧化皮问题。本文介绍了某电厂600 MW超临界机组锅炉及过热器化学清洗的清洗工艺、清洗范围及回路设计、清洗过程及控制,总结了一些过热器化学清洗的经验,为超临界机组锅炉及过热器系统化学清洗提供了参考。     

机动车化学清洗站开业

使用化学技术清洗机动车的机动车化学清洗站七月一日在兰正式开业。这个清洗站是由化工部化工机械研究院清洗总公司和省青年联营公司联合在兰开办的。清洗机动车辆主要使用水基清洗剂、水基防锈剂、内燃机冷却系清洗剂等化学药剂,同时配用高温高压,常温高压等专用化学清洗设备,具有提高清洗效率、缩短清洗时间、保证清洗     

油基岩屑化学清洗技术研究进展

在剖析油基岩屑化学清洗机理的基础上,阐述了表面活性剂水溶液、微乳液、纳米乳液这3种清洗剂的应用效果,同时介绍了物理-化学清洗、化学清洗-生物处理、物理-化学清洗-生物处理这3种化学清洗复合处理技术处理油基岩屑的研究现状。指出了油基岩屑化学清洗技术存在的问题和攻关方向,可为油基岩屑处理提供基础支撑及方向指引。     

油基岩屑化学清洗技术研究进展

在剖析油基岩屑化学清洗机理的基础上,阐述了表面活性剂水溶液、微乳液、纳米乳液这3种清洗剂的应用效果,同时介绍了物理-化学清洗、化学清洗-生物处理、物理-化学清洗-生物处理这3种化学清洗复合处理技术处理油基岩屑的研究现状。指出了油基岩屑化学清洗技术存在的问题和攻关方向,可为油基岩屑处理提供基础支撑及方向指引。     

循环水系统的在线化学清洗

指出循环水系统在线化学清洗的必要性和重要意义,并简要叙述了化学清洗的时机及实施步骤。     

Thermophoretic Control of Submicron-sized Particulate Recontamination

Thermophoresis is the movement of particles in a thermal gradient. It has the advantages of being simple to set up and to carry out. Here, it is used to prevent the recontamination of emitted particles smaller than 0.5 μm during the dry laser cleaning of particles not chemically bound to the substrate. Its use permits the efficiency of such dry laser cleaning to be greatly improved. A comparison between the thermophoretic and laminar flow techniques is carried out, showing that thermophoresis is more efficient.     

Thermophoretic Control of Submicron-sized Particulate Recontamination

Thermophoresis is the movement of particles in a thermal gradient. It has the advantages of being simple to set up and to carry out. Here, it is used to prevent the recontamination of emitted particles smaller than 0.5 μm during the dry laser cleaning of particles not chemically bound to the substrate. Its use permits the efficiency of such dry laser cleaning to be greatly improved. A comparison between the thermophoretic and laminar flow techniques is carried out, showing that thermophoresis is more efficient.     

Elements of gas cleaning and dust removal systems lined with refractory concretes

Principles are considered for the construction of concrete linings for furnaces, gas ducts, cyclones and other elements of gas cleaning and dust removal systems subject to the action of high temperature, chemically corrosive gases, and abrasive wear. Examples are provided of manufacturing lined elements of gas cleaning systems made of refractory concretes in various branches of industry. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 11, pp. 15–19, November 2007.     

宾馆生活用水系统的化学清洗

山东聊城中银大夏生活洗浴用水系统投用6年未清洗,存在流量小、换热器进出水温差小、主管路腐蚀。以SnCl_2为还原剂,用LAN-826缓蚀剂、OP系活性剂、磷酸三丁酯作消泡剂、NA_2CO_3 NA_3PO_4作中和钝化剂对系统进行清洗,得到良好的效果。     

Engineering design approaches for minimum fouling in submerged MBR

A contributor to success in managing membrane operations is to be able to identify suitable engineering design approaches to slow down the membrane fouling rate. Two such approaches were discussed in this study, namely: (1) offsite chemical and mechanical cleaning, and (2) air scouring. A longer subsequent operation time was observed after a membrane was cleaned chemically compared with mechanically. For air scouring during membrane operation, the investigation aimed at determining the crossflow velocity induced by coarse and fine bubble diffusers. Higher crossflow velocities were obtained with the latter. Uniformly distributed fine air bubbling might possibly have caused less uplift resistance and induced higher crossflow velocities. Such air scouring, at critical aeration intensity, was able to prolong the membrane operation for up to 8 months without needing chemical or mechanical cleaning.     

糖类和蛋白类物质污染聚砜膜的不同特性和微观机制

从多个角度对聚砜膜超滤葡聚糖和BSA水溶液时膜的污染特性和微观机制进行了分析和比较。实验测定了两种溶液的膜渗透通量随时间变化曲线;考察了气液两相流操作对两种溶液膜渗透通量的影响;对超滤葡聚糖和BSA水溶液后的膜进行了清洗实验;对超滤前后的膜进行了扫描电镜和XPS分析。结果表明,葡聚糖在聚砜膜面仅仅是沉积或物理吸附,而SA在聚砜膜面为伴随有电子转移的化学吸附。     

Aqueous pretreatment of polyetherimide to facilitate the bonding of electrolessly deposited metals. Part 2. Solubilizer-free systems

An aqueous method for chemically pretreating polyetherimide substrates to promote adhesion to electrolessly deposited copper or nickel is described. The process consists of cleaning the polymer surface followed by surface normalization and debris removal. In contrast to previously developed processes, no separate adhesion promotion step is required. Peel strengths between 150-250 and 120-150 g/mm were achieved for copper and nickel, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to investigate changes in the polymer surface morphology and chemistry during processing. Possible candidates for the different steps are presented, as are analyses of the failure loci following peel strength assessment.     

The Role of Synthetic Membrane Pre-Treatment in Influencing Filtration Performance over Multiple Operational Cycles

Manufacturers of polymeric membrane filters used for treating food streams routinely recommend that they are chemically cleaned prior to first use. In this paper, two pre-treatment methods are compared for the filtration of a spent sulphite liquor [SSL] (17.8 wt.% dry solids) using a 20 kg mol^?1 molar mass cut off (MMCO) fluoropolymer membrane. In an extension of previous work that considered the effect of the application of a pre-treatment protocol over a single operational cycle, this paper reports the effect of pre-treatment protocols over four complete fouling and cleaning cycles. The pre-treatment methods evaluated were the conditioning with water at 60°C only [Protocol 1], and the conditioning with water at 60°C followed by cleaning with 0.5 wt.% NaOH [Protocol 2]. Results are presented that demonstrate that for the system examined, the positive effect of the NaOH pre-treatment protocol diminished after three complete operational cycles, and disappeared after four cycles.     

Durable superoleophobic fabric surfaces with counterintuitive superwettability for polar solvents

Smart superoleophobic (SOP) cotton fabric surfaces are created only through a controlled fluorosilanization treatment, exhibiting the first‐ever extreme wetting behaviors displaying ultrarepellency to nonpolar oils and counterintuitive superwettability for all polar solvents. The smart durable SOP surfaces, demonstrated chemically, thermally, and mechanically, render great potential practical and industrial applications in robust oil shielding, effective antifouling, highly energy efficient self‐cleaning, and solely gravity‐driven oil–water separations. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2752–2756, 2014