CASC2D分布式水文模型异构并行算法研究

针对 CASC2D 模型精细化水文模拟时面临的计算耗时长、效率低等问题,在保持产汇流算法和流域拓扑结构的基础上,采用 CPU+GPU 的异构并行算法对 CASC2D 模型程序进行重新设计和优化,模型程序中的降雨、 产流、坡面汇流和河道汇流过程均优化为并行计算,以提高 CASC2D 模型的计算效率。将优化后的 CASC2D 模型应用于前毛庄流域的洪水流量过程模拟,计算结果与原 CASC2D 模型保持一致。在栅格分辨率为 30 m,计算步长为 3 s 时,与原 CPU 串行计算方法相比,并行加速比达到 34 倍以上,并且栅格单元数据精度越高,加速比提升越明显。异构并行算法可在不降低模拟精度的条件下显著提升 CASC2D 模型的计算效率,满足实时水文预报的应用需求。     

水平集中符号距离函数并行降维计算

目的 符号距离函数在水平集图像分割,视觉特征提取等图像处理领域有重要应用。随着图像分辨率越来越高,符号距离函数计算效率直接影响图像处理速度,为实现高分辨率图像实时处理,本文在降维法的基础上提出了并行算法,并针对并行计算对降维法进行了改进。方法 降维法将2维距离计算转化为两个1维距离计算,并采用抛物线下界法计算1维距离,是当前最快的一种符号距离计算方法。首先利用行和列计算的独立性,提出了降维法的并行算法。然后再对并行降维法进行改进,提出了抛物线下界法的并行算法。该方法采用多线程分段并行计算抛物线下界,即每个像素点与段内相邻像素点并行进行抛物线求交运算,快速搜索抛物线下界,从而实现了抛物线下界法的分段并行距离函数计算。所有并行算法在CUDA平台上采用GPU通用并行计算方法实现。结果 对不同分辨率及包含不同曲线的9幅图像进行实验测试,在距离计算误差小于1的条件下,并行降维算法对所有测试图像计算时间均小于0.06 s,计算效率比串行方法有了10倍以上的提升,改进并行降维算法对所有测试图像计算时间均小于0.03 s,计算效率比串行方法有了20倍左右的提升。结论 该方法实现了符号距离函数的快速并行计算,其优势在于当图像分辨率较高时仍然能够实现实时处理。     

用于传感信号检测的混沌振子数值并行求解方法

传感信号检测中常用到非刚性耦合混沌振子,对非刚性耦合混沌振子进行数值求解时常用定步长4阶龙格库塔法,但是其具有运算量大、速度慢的缺点。为了提升非刚性耦合混沌振子数值求解的速度,给出了一种半隐式的并行算法,其运算速度是定步长4阶龙格库塔法的一倍。仿真与实验结果表明,该并行算法在4阶精度时和定步长4阶龙格库塔法有类似的计算精度,而在实际信号检测任务中采用2阶精度的并行算法即能满足需求。     

利用GPU计算的双线性插值并行算法

双线性插值算法在数字图像处理中有广泛的应用,但计算速度慢.为提高其计算速度,提出一种基于图形处理器加速的双线性插值并行算法.主要利用Wallis变换双线性插值中各分块之间的独立性适合GPU并行处理架构的特点,把传统串行双线性插值算法映射到CUDA并行编程模型,并从线程分配,内存使用,硬件资源划分等方面进行优化,来充分利用GPU的巨大运算能力.实验结果表明,随着图像分辨率的增大,双线性内插并行算法可以把计算速度提高28倍.     

基于MPI的二维稳态温度场的并行计算

作为颗粒离散元软件并行化的前期研究,对二维稳态导热问题的有限差分法求解程序进行了并行化处理.并行算法将计算域划分为若干个子域,并将各子域上的迭代计算任务分配给相应的处理器执行.同时,算法考虑负载平衡,并采用计算和通信的重叠技术,提高并行算法的效率.通过对二维稳态温度场导热问题的串/并行程序在曙光TC2600刀片服务器上的计算结果进行比较分析,验证了该并行方法的有效性.实验结果表明,计算耗时与通信耗时的比值越大,并行效率越高.     

自适应SSDA图像匹配并行算法设计与实现

为了充分利用多核处理器的硬件资源和计算能力来提高图像匹配应用的实时性,通过对自适应阈值SSDA图像匹配算法原理的分析,基于任务分解的多核并行编程模式思想,设计了一种自适应阈值SSDA图像匹配并行算法,并在多核计算机上采用OpenMP模型编程实现该并行算法,同时还进行了相关的代码优化。实验结果表明,优化后的并行算法在保持匹配算法精度的同时大大提高了匹配速度和多核利用率,取得了良好的效果。     

基于CUDA的多尺度Retinex图像增强算法实现

多尺度Retinex图像增强是一种基于色彩恒定理论的图像增强算法,算法增强效果好,但随着图像分辨率的提高计算时间显著增加。分析并利用计算统一设备架构(CUDA)图形处理器(GPU)的并行处理特性,提出了一种基于CUDA的多尺度Retinex图像增强并行算法,将多尺度高斯滤波、对数空间差分和动态范围压缩等计算非常耗时的模块采用并行方式放在GPU中进行计算。实验结果表明所提算法能显著提高计算速度,随着图像分辨率的增加,最大加速比超过100倍。     

堆积颗粒消波效应模型及其并行计算

本文根据两相流理论,建立了堆积颗粒消波吸能效应的二维轴对称双流体模型。针对模型求解计算量大,传统串行程序计算相当耗时的问题,设计了一种基于MPI的并行算法,实现对模型的并行化数值模拟,显示出较高的计算效率。     

基于CUDA加速的图像配准算法

针对传统图像拼接算法速度较慢,难以满足获取大分辨率全景图像的实时性要求,本文提出一种基于CUDA的快速鲁棒特征(speeded-up-robust features, SURF)图像配准算法,从GPU线程执行模型、编程模型和内存模型等方面,对传统SURF算法特征点的检测和描述进行CUDA并行优化;基于FLANN和RANSAC算法,采用双向匹配策略进行特征匹配,提高配准精度.结果表明,相对串行算法,本文并行算法对不同分辨率的图像均可实现10倍以上的加速比,而且配准精度较传统配准算法提高17%,精度最优可高达96%.基于CUDA加速的SURF算法可广泛应用于安防监控领域,实现全景图像的实时配准.     

基于CUDA的Prewitt算子并行实现

Prewitt算子是数字图像分割中最常用的边缘检测算法,由于计算量大,传统的基于CPU的串行算法耗时较长.为了提高算法的计算效率,本文把Prewitt算子在CUDA架构下并行实现,并通过对不同分辨率图像的处理实验,与串行算法的处理时间进行比对,列出加速比.实验结果表明并行算法的加速效果显著,对提高图像处理系统的运行效率具有实际意义.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。