光伏电站并网对电能质量的影响及对策

由于光伏发电具有波动性和间歇性,且光伏发电系统中含有大量的电力电子设备,并网后会对当地电网的电能质量产生一定的影响。介绍了浙江嘉兴电网某光伏电站的概况及其并网对电能质量在谐波、电压偏差、频率偏差、闪变、电压不平衡度及功率等方面的影响,并进行评估和分析,提出加强电能质量监督的建议。     

基于HHT变换的微网电压闪变与谐波检测新技术

微网中大规模的分布式电源由于其自身特点及大量电力电子设备的使用,容易引起电网电压波动、电压闪变及谐波等电能质量问题,影响电力用户的供电要求。利用HHT(Hilbert-Huang transform)变换方法对微网中的电压闪变、谐波等电能质量扰动信号进行了EMD分解,得到各IMF分量,通过对IMF分量进行Hilbert谱分析和边际谱分析。仿真结果表明,该方法能快速有效地检测出微网中电压闪变信号的频率和幅值及谐波信号产生及终止的时刻。     

风力发电并网后需要关注的主要问题

电能质量 根据国家标准,对电能质量的要求有5个方面：电网高次谐波、电压闪变与电压波动、三相电压及电流不平衡、电压偏差、频率偏差。风电机组对电网产生影响的主要有高次谐波和电压闪变与电压波动。     

不同控制策略影响下光伏发电电能质量特性研究

随着光伏发电的广泛接入,光伏发电出力的随机性和间歇性给电网电能质量带来一定影响。在分析光伏逆变器常用PQ和V/f控制策略基础上,构建了光伏电池及其逆变器控制策略模型,分析了光伏在PQ和V/f控制下的电能质量变化状况,从而得到光伏相应电能质量指标特性。结果表明,光伏并网且PQ控制时,主要是电流谐波等电流质量问题;孤岛且V/f控制时,主要是电压波动等电压质量问题。研究结果可为光伏运行和电能质量监测等提供依据。     

用户光伏发电电能质量检测与分析

摘要： 随着光伏发电系统等新能源接入电网,在改变电网的拓扑结构同时,电能输出特性也会影响到电力系统电能质量问题。为了保障电网的安全稳定运行,该光伏发电系统各项电能质量需满足国家标准。以沈阳农业大学0.38 kV电压等级的分布式光伏发电系统为研究对象,主要对光伏系统中的电能质量的谐波、电压偏差、三相不平衡进行分析。理论上分析了傅里叶变换,组、子组算法电能质量的特征。对测试结果进行评估并对比在功率不同时电能质量的差异,分析造成差异的原因。通过测试可知,采用的分析方法能够检测电能质量的各项指标,从而为电能质量的各项参数指标提供可靠数据。     

光伏接入对配电网电能质量的影响及 最大接入容量分析

摘要： 利用DIgSILENT/PowerFactory仿真软件,搭建了某地区10 kV配电网典型接线模型,从电压偏差、电压波动、三相电压不平衡和谐波畸变等方面分析了分布式光伏接入对该地区配电网电能质量的影响。针对不同的典型接线形式,以电能质量为约束计算了配电网的分布式光伏的最大接入容量。结果表明,分布式光伏在馈线末端接入时,对电能质量的影响最大;电能质量满足要求时,各类型配电网所允许接入的最大光伏容量为负荷的35%~50%,主要制约因素为电压偏差。     

基于APF的电动汽车充电站谐波治理措施研究

电动汽车是智能电网的重要组成部分,含有大量非线性电力电子装置的电动汽车充电站接人电网时会给电网带来不利的电能质量影响,主要体现在其对电网注入的大量谐波电流将造成很多负面影响。针对一种常见的高频充电机,分析了其对配电网电能质量影响的作用机理,在此基础上提出了采用有源电力滤波器作为谐波治理的措施,并从原理上分析了其可行性和有效性。     

影响风电场电能质量的因素研究

风电场并网时产生的电压波动和闪变、电压偏差以及谐波,直接影响电网运行的稳定性。本文以某风电场为例,探讨以上影响风电场电能质量的因素。通过对相关因素的阐述、计算及分析,结合国家标准规范,明确电场电能质量的分析评估方法。结果表明,风电并网前需进行电能质量评估,对相关参数进行详细计算,其结果必须满足国标要求,才可实现电网稳定运行。     

基于dSPACE的电网谐波环境下双馈风机的适应性分析

文章以双馈电机(DFIG)机组及以含有5,7,11,13次谐波电压的电网为研究对象,针对风电机组应对电网谐波带来的扰动并维持正常运行等问题进行了研究。给出了一种基于多重谐振控制器的谐波抑制方法,并在dSPACE仿真平台上建立了一台2 MW风机模型,借助dSPACE系统提供的ControlDesk环境对其进行实时仿真分析。实时仿真结果表明,该方案能有效减少5,7,11,13次电网谐波电压带来的影响,使DFIG定子电流波形更加正弦化,改善直流母线电压波动问题,提高了电网谐波环境下风机系统的适应性。     

提高虹桥商务区电能质量的方案及措施

随着新型电力电子设备的大量应用,电网中非线性负荷客户的比例不断提高,由此而产生的电能质量问题也越来越突出,并对电网的安全稳定运行产生了新的威胁。而采用电能质量监测管理系统,通过监测、分析、评估,已经成为新形势下保证电网健康、稳定运行的一项重要措施。介绍了虹桥商务区用电客户需要提供优质电能的特殊性及重要性,在监测和综合分析的基础上,对谐波、电压暂降等电能质量问题,提出了治理方案及相应措施,尤其是对区域客户实施电力定制方案后,可以提高供电可靠性和用电质量。     

Grid power quality with variable speed wind turbines

Grid connection of renewable energy sources is essential if they are to be effectively exploited, but grid connection brings problems of voltage fluctuation and harmonic distortion. In the paper, appropriate modeling and simulation techniques are discussed for studying the voltage fluctuation and harmonic distortion in a network to which variable speed wind turbines are connected. Case studies on a distribution network show that the voltage fluctuation and harmonic problems can he minimized with the proposed power electronics interface and control system while the wind energy conversion system captures the maximum power from the wind as wind speed varies. The studies have also demonstrated the ability of the advanced converter to assist the system voltage regulation     

风力发电并入微网电能质量分析与检测

风力发电并网引发的电能质量问题不仅是限制风电机组装机规模的重要因素,而且对微网的安全稳定运行产生了很大的影响,因此有必要对风力发电并网引发的电能质量问题进行深入的分析,而分析的前提就是对其进行准确的检测。首先简要介绍微网的定义,并在此基础上给出风力发电机并入微网的结构示意图,其次对风力发电并网引发的电压波动与闪变、谐波以及电压偏差的机理进行分析,得出引发这些电能质量问题的根本原因。最后针对风力发电并网引发的电压偏差现象,提出采用Hilbert-Huang变换的方法对其进行检测。仿真测试结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

低风速分散式风电并入配电网的双层电压优化模型

从规划和运行2个角度出发,提出一种针对低风速风电机组并入配电网的双层电压优化模型。上层模型计及低风速的波动性、负荷的随机性与用户行为特性,求解以网损、电压偏差、电压稳定性指标和分散式风电总投资为目标函数的多目标规划问题,同时利用Q-V曲线法获得静止无功补偿器(SVC)的最佳接入位置;下层模型建立基于模糊逻辑的低风速风电机组与SVC协调调压的无功控制策略。最后通过仿真验证所提方法不仅能够实现电压优化控制,而且能显著改善配电网的整体电压分布。     

Applying power quality characteristics of wind turbines for assessing impact on voltage quality

Injection of wind power into an electric grid affects the voltage quality. As the voltage quality must be within certain limits to comply with utility requirements, the effect should be assessed prior to installation. To assess the effect, knowledge about the electrical characteristics of the wind turbines is needed or else the result could easily be an inappropriate design of the grid connection. The electrical characteristics of wind turbines are manufacturer‐specific but not site‐specific. This means that, having the actual parameter values for a specific wind turbine, the expected impact of the wind turbine type on voltage quality when deployed at a specific site, possibly as a group of wind turbines, can be calculated. The methodology for this is explained and illustrated by case studies considering a 5 × 750 kW wind farm on a 22 kV distribution feeder. The detailed analysis suggests that the wind farm capacity can be operated at the grid without causing unacceptable voltage quality. For comparison, a simplified design criterion is considered assuming that the wind farm is only allowed to cause a voltage increment of 1%. According to this criterion, only a very limited wind power capacity would be allowed. Measurements confirm, however, the suggestion of the detailed analysis, and it is concluded that a simplified design criterion such as the ‘1% rule’ should not be used for dimensioning the grid connection of wind farms. Rather, this article suggests a systematic approach including assessment of slow voltage variations, flicker, voltage dips and harmonics, possibly supported by more detailed analyses, e.g. system stability if the wind farm is large or the grid is very weak, and impact on grid frequency in systems where wind power covers a high fraction of the load, i.e. most relevant for isolated systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wind farms connected to weak grids in India

This article describes the mutual influence between the wind turbines and the power quality in the Indian power systems. The Indian power systems are weak in general and the wind energy development has been very fast and concentrated in a few rural areas where the existing transmission and distribution grids are very weak. Therefore the mutual influence between wind turbines and power quality is particularly strong in India. The wind farms influence power quality aspects such as steady state voltage, power factor, flicker and harmonic and interharmonic distortion. The power quality of the grid influences the power performance and safety of the wind turbines and the lifetime of mechanical and electrical components. The findings presented are general for wind farms connected to weak grids, but the Indian case is pronounced concerning weakness of grid as well as wind energy penetration level. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分散式风电多点接入协调优化控制策略

针对分散式风电机组并网导致的配电网网损增加、电压稳定性降低等问题,文章提出一种分散式风电并网多点协调双层控制策略。首先,分析了分散式风电多点接入特性,研究分散式风电多点接入后的网损、电压分布和功率因数的关系,并提出最小网损和电压偏差为目标的双层优化控制策略。最后,基于IEEE-33节点进行仿真计算,结果表明,所提多点协调控制策略能够有效降低配电网网损和提升母线电压水平,增加系统的稳定性。与超前功率因数相比,滞后的功率因数能够增大风能消纳能力,提高供电可靠性,减少电压偏移水平。     

基于风电机组无功裕度预测的风电场无功分层控制策略

针对风电电压波动的问题,文章基于风电机组无功裕度预测,提出了一种风电场无功分层控制策略。该策略首先以并网点电压偏差和线路有功损耗最小为目标,使用二次规划算法在线实时求解最优并网电压,进而求解风电场无功参考值;其次,采用EWT-LSSVM预测算法进行风电功率预测,并提出预测功率校正方法实时修正预测功率,精确求解风电机组的无功裕度预测值;最后,以风电机组的出口电压波动最小和预测无功裕度最大为无功分配依据,实现风电场的无功电压闭环控制。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能够提高风电功率预测的精确性和时效性,降低了风电机组出口电压波动性,同时为风电场预留出充足的无功裕度。     

Comparative study on the performance of control systems for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines operating with power regulation

As a result of the increasing wind power penetration on power systems, the wind farms are today required to participate actively in grid operation by an appropriate generation control. This paper presents a comparative study on the performance of three control strategies for DFIG wind turbines. The study focuses on the regulation of the active and reactive power to a set point ordered by the wind farm control system. Two of them (control systems 1 and 2) are based on existing strategies, whereas the third control system (control system 3) presents a novel control strategy, which is actually a variation of the control system 2. The control strategies are evaluated through simulations of DFIG wind turbines, under normal operating conditions, integrated in a wind farm with centralized control system controlling the wind farm generation at the connection point and computing the power reference for each wind turbine according to a proportional distribution of the available power. The three control systems present similar performance when they operate with power optimization and power limitation strategies. However, the control system 3 with down power regulation presents a better response with respect to the reactive power production, achieving a higher available reactive power as compared with the other two. This is a very important aspect to maintain an appropriate voltage control at the wind farm bus.     

Wind model for low frequency power fluctuations in offshore wind farms

This paper investigates the correlation between the frequency components of the wind speed Power Spectral Density. The results extend an already existing power fluctuation model that can simulate power fluctuations of wind power on areas up to several kilometers and for time scales up to a couple of hours, taking into account the spectral correlation between different wind turbines. The modelling is supported by measurements from two large wind farms, namely Nysted and Horns Rev. Measurements from individual wind turbines and meteorological masts are used. Finally, the models are integrated into an aggregated model which is used for estimating some electrical parameters as power ramps and reserves requirements, showing a quite good agreement between simulations and measurement. The comparison with measurements generally show that the inclusion of the correlation between low frequency components is an improvement, but the effect is relatively small. The effect of including the low frequency components in the model is much more significant. Therefore, that aggregated model is useful in the power system planning and operation, e.g. regarding load following and regulation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

风电-抽水蓄能联合系统的优化运行研究

抽水蓄能和风力发电互补系统可以有效抑制风电功率的波动,为电网提供优质电能.为了确定各时段的风力发电机和抽水蓄能电站的出力状态,实现优化控制,文中从经济效益、电能质量和综合效益3个角度建立了优化模型,并利用遗传算法进行仿真计算.仿真结果表明：经济效益模型可以实现最大经济效益运行,对风电波动有一定抑制作用;电能质量模型可以使互补系统的输出功率平滑,输出功率标准差很小,但是经济效益会下降;综合效益模型考虑了电能质量的约束条件,在满足电能质量要求的前提下,实现最大经济效益运行,是综合考虑电能质量和经济效益后的一种优化运行策略.