高硅铝合金及颗粒增强铝基复合材料组织性能的探究

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备Al-30Si合金、30%Sip/Al、30%SiCp/2024Al、30%SiCp/6061Al(均为体积分数)复合材料,测定其热膨胀系数及力学性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)对其微观组织结构及断口形貌进行表征,探究了高硅铝合金及颗粒增强铝基复合材料的组织与性能,分析了材料的断裂机制。结果表明:SiCp/2024Al复合材料中SiC颗粒分布均匀,组织致密,综合性能好,热膨胀系数(CTE)为13.69×10-6/K,硬度达到134 HB,极限抗拉强度达353 MPa。SiCp/6061Al复合材料中SiC颗粒分布较均匀,界面结合较好,组织不够致密,有少许孔隙,性能较好。SiCp/6061Al和SiCp/2024Al复合材料的断裂方式都是界面基体的撕裂结合SiC颗粒的断裂。Sip/Al复合材料中Si颗粒分布较均匀,断裂方式为界面脱开,性能较差。Al-30Si合金在烧结过程中形成大量板条状的Si相,性能最差,断裂方式以合金撕裂为主。     

HPT制备高含量SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料的性能和致密化行为

采用高压扭转法制备了SiCP/Al基复合材料,分析了不同SiC体积分数复合材料的显微组织、硬度、相对密度及SiC颗粒分布的变化情况,并探讨了SiCP/Al基复合材料在高压扭转变形过程中的致密化机理。结果表明:随着SiC体积分数的增加,复合材料的相对密度不断减小,硬度和SiC颗粒的分布均匀程度均先增大后减小,且硬度沿试样径向呈递增趋势。同时,随着SiC体积分数的增大,SiC颗粒破碎和团聚现象也更为严重。     

Bc路径等径角挤压SiC_p/Al基粉末材料的显微组织及力学性能

以SiCp/Al基复合粉末材料为研究对象,在250℃下采用粉末包套-等径角挤压工艺沿Bc路径成功将粉末颗粒直接固结成高致密度的块体细晶材料。结果表明:复合粉末材料成分分布均匀性和致密度在等径角挤压强烈的剪切细化作用下效果显著。初始SiC平均粒径为13.69μm,复合粉末初始相对密度为0.75,经过3个道次等径角挤压后,得到相对密度达0.97接近完全致密,SiC颗粒得到一定程度细化且分布均匀的细晶组织,平均显微硬度高达75HV,约为工业致密纯铝的2.2倍,初始SiC颗粒的尖锐棱角特征也得到明显改善。压缩性能测试表明,挤压后SiCp/Al基复合材料表现出明显优于工业纯铝的变形行为特征。     

单一纳米及纳/微米SiC混合颗粒增强铝基复合材料研究

通过真空热压工艺制备了单一纳米及纳/微米SiC混合颗粒增强的Al-Si复合材料,研究了SiC颗粒的加入对复合材料的组织、致密度及硬度的影响。结果表明:纳米SiCp/Al-Si复合材料与基体合金相比晶粒细化,随着纳米SiC含量的增加,纳米SiCp/Al-Si复合材料的硬度、致密度都是先增大后减小,当纳米SiC含量为3%时硬度取得最大值64.4HV,较基体材料提高了28.8%;用扫描电镜对纳/微米SiCp/Al-Si复合材料的组织、形貌进行观察,发现微米SiC颗粒与基体合金结合紧密,界面无明显反应物生成。纳米SiC含量为3%时,随着微米SiC含量的增加,纳/微米SiCp/Al-Si复合材料的硬度、致密度都是先增大后减小,当增强颗粒含量为3%SiCnm+15%SiCμm时硬度取得最大值76.7HV,较基体材料提高了53.4%。     

SiC粒径比对SiC_p/Al基复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用高压扭转(high pressure torsion)法将粒径比分别为1:1,1:7,1:21的SiC颗粒和纯铝粉末的混合物固结成金属基复合材料。利用金相显微镜、显微维氏硬度计、万能试验机和扫描电镜研究不同SiC粒径比对SiCp/Al复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,与SiC粒径比1:1的试样相比,粒径比为1:7和1:21的试样中SiC颗粒分布更加均匀,颗粒间无明显团聚现象;大颗粒加入后对材料硬度的影响较为复杂,1:21试样硬度值最低;材料伸长率分别提高130%和113%,致密度也高于1:1的试样,材料断裂形式为韧性断裂。SiC粒径比为1:7试样的致密度、伸长率高于粒径比为1:21试样,综合性能较好。     

颗粒尺寸及分布均匀性对SiC/Al-30Si复合材料组织性能的影响

采用真空热压法制备SiCp/Al-30Si复合材料.利用扫描电镜对材料的微观组织进行表征,检测力学性能.结果表明:随着SiC颗粒平均粒径的增大,材料的组织中SiC颗粒的团聚现象逐渐消失,其在基体中的分布更加均匀.抗拉强度与增强体颗粒尺寸有关,SiC颗粒平均粒径为13 μm时,材料的抗拉强度最大.材料的断裂方式为脆性断裂,SiC颗粒粒径为4μm时,断口表面有团聚、裸露的SiC颗粒;SiC颗粒粒径为13μm时,断口SiC颗粒表面包覆着一层铝硅合金;SiC颗粒粒径为30μm时,断口处有断裂的SiC颗粒,部分SiC颗粒从基体中被拔出.     

SiC颗粒尺寸对高压扭转制备SiCp/Al基复合材料金相组织和显微硬度影响

采用高压扭转法制备不同增强颗粒尺寸的SiCp/Al基复合材料,利用金相观察、显微硬度测试,分析研究不同增强颗粒尺寸对SiCp/Al基复合材料组织和硬度的影响。研究结果表明:SiC颗粒尺寸较小时,在高的静水压力和剪切作用下,颗粒分布均匀性增强。SiC颗粒尺寸增大时,有效的剪切作用易致使自身存在缺陷的SiC颗粒发生断裂破碎,颗粒分布均匀性降低。同一扭转半径处,随着颗粒尺寸的增大,复合材料显微硬度降低。     

热加工后SiC颗粒的分布对喷射沉积7075/SiC_p复合材料性能的影响

研究了多层喷射沉积大尺寸7075/SiCp复合材料的沉积坯和挤压坯两种坯料经过循环压制加工后SiC颗粒的分布,测试了复合材料循环压制后的力学性能,通过拉伸断口SEM形貌分析了复合材料的断裂行为.结果表明:沉积坯经过循环压制后发生了SiC颗粒的破碎,但是由于塑性变形程度有限,基体依然不致密,破碎的SiC颗粒团聚在一起,复合材料的强度和伸长率都较低.挤压坯经过循环压制后SiC颗粒尺寸较小、分布均匀,复合材料性能得到提高.     

粉体粒径级配比对粉末冶金SiC_p/6061Al复合材料组织与性能的影响

选择不同粒径的6061Al粉末和SiC颗粒,采用真空热压法制备含35%SiC体积分数的SiCp/6061Al复合材料,研究不同级配比对复合材料显微组织和抗拉强度的影响。结果表明:复合粉末的粒径级配比可影响复合材料的微观组织和力学性能;当增强体颗粒粒径为15μm时,随基体6061粉末与SiC颗粒粒径比降低,SiC颗粒在复合材料中的分布越来越均匀,抗拉强度提高;当基体6061Al粒径为10μm时,随SiC颗粒粒径减小,复合材料微观组织的均匀性降低,但抗拉强度提高。并建立了理想的复合粉末颗粒分布模型,模型的理论计算结果与Slipenyuk公式计算结果接近。     

高能超声辅助制备SiC_p/7050复合材料的组织均匀性

利用高能超声辅助制备SiC颗粒增强7050铝基复合材料,研究超声工艺参数对SiC颗粒分布均匀性的影响规律和超声作用机制。研究结果表明:超声的空化效应对颗粒的团聚有阻碍作用,超声功率越大,SiC颗粒的分布改善效果越明显,但是SiC颗粒在超声场中由于驻波场中声辐射力的作用,在一定时间内会发生偏聚现象;综合超声的作用效果来看,熔体经2 000 W功率超声施加15 min后立马浇注有利于获得理想的SiCp/7050复合材料微观组织。     

AlN-SiC复相微波衰减材料性能的研究

采用热压烧结工艺制备了AlN-SiC复相微波衰减材料。通过XRD、SEM和网络分析仪,研究了SiC含量对材料的微波衰减性能的影响。结果表明,当SiC含量小于40%时,复相材料的频谱特性表现为选频衰减且衰减量比较小;当SiC含量在40%~70%时,复相材料的频谱特性表现为宽频衰减,且随着SiC含量的增加衰减量也逐渐增加,最大衰减量达到了-2.3 dB左右;当SiC含量大于70%时,复相材料的频谱特性表现仍为宽频衰减,但随着SiC含量的增加衰减量没有明显的变化。初步探讨了AlN-SiC复相材料微波衰减曲线的频谱特性与衰减机理。     

Electron and laser beam welding of high strain rate superplastic Al-6061/SiC composites

The welding characteristics of a fine-grained 6061 Al and three 6061/1, 5, and 20 pct SiC composites under high energy electron beam welding (EBW) and laser beam welding (LBW) were examined. The three composites exhibited high strain rate superplasticity (HSRS). The 6061 Al was more readily welded by EBW than by LBW, and the situation was reversed in the reinforced composites. In the reinforced composites, the fusion zone contained the once fully melted matrix and fully reacted SiC, and the heat affected zone (HAZ) contained the partially melted matrix and nearly unreacted SiC. This effect was particularly apparent in the 20 pct SiC composite. With increasing SiC content from 0 to 20 pct, the reflection of the laser beam decreased, and the melt viscosity increased due to the increasing amount of Al₄C₃ compounds. For the HSRS fine-grained 6061/20 pct SiC composite, there formed a sharp V-notch under EBW. The high viscosity or low fluidity of the melt inside the fusion zone of 6061/20 pct SiC resulted in incomplete backfill and notch formation. The postweld mechanical performance and joint efficiency both became seriously degraded. The original fine structures in the HSRS composites could not be restored after welding.     

包埋法制备SiC涂层C/C复合材料及真空热处理对涂层的影响

采用Si、C及Al2O3粉末为原料,利用包埋法结合真空热处理在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC涂层.并利用XRD、SEM等测试手段分析真空热处理对涂层C/C复合材料的组织结构和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:包埋粉料中Si含量为84.5%和87.0%(质量分数)时,所制备的SiC过渡层由β-SiC、α-SiC和Si三相组成....     

纳米SiC增强纯Al基复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

与采用微米尺度SiC颗粒为增强相制备的Al基复合材料相比,以纳米SiC颗粒为增强相制备的Al基复合材料具有更加优异的力学性能,可极大提高SiC增强Al基复合材料的服役可靠性及应用范围。采用传统粉末冶金方法制备纳米SiC颗粒增强纯Al基复合材料,研究烧结温度和增强相体积分数对复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。研究表明,烧结温度和增强相体积分数均对复合材料的微观结构和力学性能有重要影响。随烧结温度升高,复合材料中的残留微孔减少,密度和强度均得到显著提高。含体积分数为3%纳米SiC颗粒的复合材料在610℃具有最高的强度,进一步提高纳米SiC颗粒的含量并不能提高材料的力学性能,这主要是由于当纳米SiC颗粒的体积分数超过3%时将出现明显的团聚,从而降低强化效应。     

SiC含量对C/C-SiC摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

以整体碳毡为预制体,经化学气相渗透法制得C/C多孔坯体,然后采用反应熔融浸渗法制得C/C-SiC摩擦材料,探究SiC含量对C/C-SiC摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:C/C-SiC试样的摩擦因数随着SiC含量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当SiC含量为29.88%时摩擦因数达到最大值0.62。当SiC含量低于33.56%时磨损率的变化规律与摩擦因数比较一致,当SiC含量高于33.56%时磨损率的变化规律与摩擦因数则呈相反的变化趋势。因此,SiC含量为33.56%时是该摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的拐点。     

机械合金化制备SiC弥散强化铜基复合材料

用机械合金化(MA)制备了一种以SiC为增强相的Cu／sic复合材料,研究了机械合金化过程中SIC颗粒形貌、尺寸的变化,以及增强相的含量对复合材料抗拉强度、硬度、相对电导率及显微结构的影响。结果表明,Sic对于铜是一种有效的增强相,当SiC的质量百分含量为1％时,强化效果较佳,抗拉强度可达391MPa,相对电导率为50．2％,性能较优。     

原位合成SiC对铝基复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

以铝粉、硅粉、石墨粉为原料, 通过冷压真空烧结原位合成了含不同质量分数SiC颗粒的SiC/Al-18Si复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪, 扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析仪等设备手段表征了铝基复合材料的相组成和微观结构, 研究了原位合成SiC对复合材料微观结构、抗弯强度和显微硬度的影响, 分析了复合材料力学性能的变化规律。结果表明: 复合材料的基体相为Al相, 第二相为Si相和SiC相; 原位合成的SiC颗粒弥散细小的分布在Al基体中, 其颗粒尺寸主要分布在0.2~2.8 μm, 具有亚微米、微米级的多尺度特性; 随着SiC质量分数的不断增加, 复合材料的显微硬度增大, 同时颗粒的平均尺寸仅由0.81 μm增大到1.13 μm, 但仍均匀分布, 正是这种尺寸稳定性, 使得SiC/Al-18Si复合材料硬度远大于Al-18Si; 当SiC质量分数为30%时, 材料的显微硬度最高, 达到HV 134, 相较于Al-18Si提高了88%。     

Influence of spraying conditions on microstructures of Al-SiC<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Subscript> composites by plasma spraying

Air plasma spraying was used to produce Al-SiC _p composites as electronic packaging material. Ballmilled Al with 55 and 75 vol. pct SiC powders was repeatedly deposited onto a graphite substrate, and then mechanically removed to get free-standing 100 × 100 mm composite plates of about 2-mm thickness. Different input electrical powers were employed at two spray distances of 100 and 120 mm. The SiC volume fraction and porosity in the sprayed composites were found to be dependent on spray conditions, especially input electrical power. Maximal SiC volume fraction can be obtained at a low input electrical power for the composite sprayed from the Al-55SiC powder and a high input electrical power for Al-75SiC powder. The variation of the SiC level in the composites with spray conditions and SiC size is discussed based on the characteristic of feedstock, the characteristic of deposited surface, and the heat and momentum transfer between particle and plasma flame. Pores in the sprayed composites were found inside one sprayed layer (inner-layer pore) and at the boundary between two sprayed layers (interlayer pore). The formation mechanisms of two types of pores are also explained. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses indicate that Si phase is formed in the sprayed composites for most spray conditions. The Si resulted from the decomposition of SiC particles in high-temperature plasma flame.     

Fusion and friction stir welding of aluminum-metal-matrix composites

Microstructure evolutions and degradations of aluminum-metal-matrix composites during fusion welding were studied and compared with thermodynamic calculations. In fusion welds of Al₂O₃-reinforced composites, the decomposition of Al₂O₃ was observed. In fusion welds of SiC whisker-reinforced composites, the decomposition of SiC to Al₄C₃+Si by reaction with molten aluminum occurred. These phenomena led to unacceptable fusion welds in aluminum metal-matrix composites. Successful welds were produced in the same composites by friction stir welding (FSW). Significant reorientation of SiC whiskers close to the boundary of the dynamically recrystallized and thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) was observed. The small hardening in the dynamically recrystallized region was attributed to the presence of dislocation tangles in between SiC whiskers.     

Role of matrix alloy chemistry on the interfacial reaction and solidification of metal matrix composites

Equilibrium Si content required to suppress the interfacial reaction in 2124 Al/SiC and A356 Al/SiC has been thermodynamically predicted by combining Wilson equation with the Miedema model. In 2124 Al/SiC composites, good agreement between thermodynamically calculated and experimental result has been observed in the solid and semi solid state reaction. At higher temperature above 750°C, thermodynamically calculated results are much higher than that of experimental values. Strong influence of reinforcement size and volume fraction on the extent of interfacial reaction is also observed in 2124 Al/SiC composites. In these composites, formation of protective layer of Al₄C₃ crystals over SiC surface plays significant role in predicting the equilibrium Si content. The influence of reinforcement particle size and volume fraction on the extent of reaction has not been observed in A356 Al/SiC composites and irrespective of reaction temperature the thermodynamically calculated equilibrium Si contents for A356 Al/SiC composites agrees well with the experimental results.