53Mn/55Mn实验室标准样品制备及加速器质谱测量

宇宙成因核素⁵³Mn是一种非常理想的地质定年工具。近年来,随着加速器质谱（AMS）技术的不断发展,⁵³Mn的高灵敏测量成为可能。本工作介绍了⁵³Mn/⁵⁵Mn的系列实验室标准样品的制备以及AMS测量,结果表明：⁵³Mn/⁵⁵Mn的测量值与标称值在误差范围内比较吻合且呈现良好的线性关系,中国原子能科学研究院的AMS系统对⁵³Mn的测量灵敏度可以达到10^-14。     

79Se-AMS生物示踪方法学的研究

由于具有放射性非常弱以及对生物组织甚至是细胞无损伤的特点，⁷⁹Se是对硒元素进行长期无损伤生命科学研究的理想示踪核素。⁷⁹Se示踪方法学的建立对于硒的生命科学与生物医学研究将具有十分特殊的意义。加速器质谱测量⁷⁹Se（⁷⁹Se-AMS）的生物示踪方法学具有高灵敏度，高准确性以及高精度等特点。通过采用⁷⁹Se-AMS方法对亚毒性剂量的硒代谢过程进行研究，建立了⁷⁹Se-AMS生物示踪方法学，重点探索了生物示踪样品的制备流程，化学处理以及样品测量过程。采用分子负离子的引出形式以及四阳极双栅电离室对⁷⁹Se和⁷⁹Br两种同量异位素进行鉴别，从而记录实际样品中⁷⁹Se的原子个数。实验建立了亚毒性剂量硒在Wistar大鼠肾脏内的代谢曲线，为生命科学以及生物医学领域提供了新的测量方法与手段，也为AMS的应用开拓了新的领域。     

同位素稀释-热电离质谱法测定乏燃料中裂变产物121Sn和126Sn

乏燃料样品基体复杂、具有放射性,裂变产物锡含量低,难以准确测定。本研究以天然锡（Sn）标准溶液为稀释剂,采用同位素稀释-热电离质谱法测定乏燃料元件中¹²¹Sn和¹²⁶Sn裂变产物的含量。热电离质谱测量时采用硅胶 锡 磷酸涂样,优化选择电离带升温速率和温度保持时间,利用阻滞电位四极杆（RPQ）跳峰对13个质量数信号进行数据采集,有效扣除了Te、Sb、CaPO₃⁺多个同量异位素的干扰,获得了ng/g级Sn的含量及同位素丰度测量数据。乏燃料元件中¹²¹Sn和¹²⁶Sn的质量浓度分别为5.5、230.5 ng/g,测量不确定度分别为4.2%和1.4%（k=2）。     

加速器质谱测量59Ni的方法研究

长寿命放射性核素⁵⁹Ni在核物理与天体物理、放射性废物管理、陨石与宇宙射线研究、生物医学示踪等方面有着广泛的应用前景。加速器质谱技术(AMS)是实现⁵⁹Ni高灵敏测量的最佳方法,⁵⁹Ni-AMS测量的关键问题在于排除同量异位素⁵⁹Co的干扰。本工作利用中国原子能科学研究院HI-13大型串列加速器能量高,Q3D磁谱仪能量分辨高、色散大等特点,采用化学分离技术排除⁵⁹Co,以氯化镍作为靶物质,建立了⁵⁹Ni-AMS的高灵敏测量方法,并对一系列标准样品和空白样品进行测量。结果表明,此方法有效降低了⁵⁹Co的干扰,空白样品中⁵⁹Ni/Ni的本底水平低于5×10^-13,满足实际样品的测量需要。     

流动注射-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用分析土壤样品中的铀

建立了使用²³³U作为同位素稀释剂,流动注射-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用法分离测量土壤样品中铀的方法。土壤样品经过微波消解后,以UTEVA树脂在线预富集铀,0.2 mol•L^-1 HCl解吸铀,且直接将铀解吸液导入多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定同位素比,从而得出样品中铀的同位素比及铀的浓度。通过对土壤标准样品的分析,验证了方法的可行性,结果与标称值一致。该方法对²³⁸U和²³⁵U的检测限分别为5.4×10^-9g和5.7×10^-11g。     

利用多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱法精确测定天然岩石样品中的铼含量

利用多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱（MC-ICPMS）精确测定了天然岩石样品的铼含量。在膜除溶雾化进样条件下,铼测试样品中加入铱标准溶液,通过在线监控铱同位素的质量分馏行为来校正铼同位素的质量分馏。实验发现,铼和铱的质量分馏系数（f_Re和 f_Ir）是不相等的,如果认为 f_Re=f_Ir,将会导致¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁵Re同位素比值偏低,但是 f_Re/f_Ir比值固定不变,这样可以通过已知的 f_Ir 计算出 f_Re,从而得到准确的¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁵Re同位素比值。本工作利用这种经验的质量分馏校正方法,精确的测定出天然铼标准样品的¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁵Re同位素比值为1.674 3±0.000 1（2σ, n=25）,该结果与国际纯粹与应用化学委员会（IUPAC）推荐值（1.674 0±0.001 1）以及与N-TIMS测定值（1.675 ±0.001 4）在误差范围内一致。而且,采用该经验的质量分馏校正方法测得的天然铼标准样品的¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁵Re同位素比值与采用 f_Re=f_Ir 校正结果相比,准确度和外部重现性都明显提高。最后采用该方法准确测定出了天然岩石中Re含量,该结果与N-TIMS测定结果吻合。     

用于AMS测量36Cl标准样品的研制

36Cl核素的半衰期为3.01×105 a,自然界的36Cl主要来源于三种核反应:高能宇宙射线同Ar、K和Ca等相互作用的散裂反应,宇宙线的次级中子的36Ar(n,p)36Cl反应和地下中子引起35Cl的俘获反应.此外,50年代以来的人工"核暴"和核设施释放的36Cl也成为某些地区自然环境中的36Cl主要来源.36Cl作为一种长寿命的同位素示踪剂在地球科学和环境科学中具有重要的应用前景[1].加速器质谱计(AMS)是上世纪70年代后期发展起来的一种分析长寿命放射性同位素的新方法,它是一种直接记录原子的方法.加速器质谱计可以进行高灵敏度、高精度的相对快速测量.加速器质谱方法测定36Cl/Cl的灵敏度可达到1×10-15,加速器质谱计测量36Cl的样品需要已知可靠的标准样品进行校准,加速器质谱方法测定36Cl/Cl的值,样品的化学形式为氯化银[2～5];中国原子能科学研究院核物理所加速器质谱计组原有的36Cl标准样品已经用完,需要从新配制36Cl标准样品.     

同位素稀释质谱法测定聚丙烯塑料中Hg的含量

采用同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ID-ICP-MS）测定了聚丙烯塑料中Hg元素的含量。样品处理采用高压密封焖罐酸溶样技术,将样品与²⁰²Hg稀释剂混合,通过所加稀释剂的量和测量混合样品中²⁰⁰Hg/²⁰²Hg的丰度比,准确计算出样品中Hg元素的含量,同时对测量结果的不确定度进行分析和评定。该方法与传统方法相比具有准确度高、不确定度小、受外界污染及样品损失影响小等优点,适用于国家计量单位对标准物质进行定值。     

ICP-MS法快速测定化妆品中铬、砷、镉、钕、铅

建立化妆品中铬,砷,镉,钕,铅的电感耦合等离子体质谱测定分析方法。样品预处理采用微波消解,以⁷²Ge、¹¹⁵In、²⁰⁹Bi为内标作定量分析,对3种不同基质的化妆品进行测定,对照分析了参考标准物质。各元素平均回收率为88.8%～108%,相关系数均大于0.999,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.1%～8.8%。     

MC-ICP-MS标样-样品交叉测试法测定石笋样品的230Th/U年龄

借鉴国际上已经建立的方法,本研究设计了一套便捷的UTEVA树脂分离纯化U与Th的化学流程,以及多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱测量U/Th同位素的方法,用于精确测定石笋样品的²³⁰Th/U年代。U/Th同位素的测量采用标样-样品交叉测试法（standard-sample bracketing）,即在测量未知样品之前和之后分别测量标准样品的同位素,通过外部归一化和线性内插法估算测量未知样品时仪器的校正因子,如质量歧视和二次电子倍增器相对于法拉第杯的增益。为检验该方法的可靠性,本研究分析了国际U标准样品Harwell uraninite-1（HU-1）、U/Th内用标准样品MFT和已知年代石笋样品的U/Th同位素。结果显示：HU-1的δ²³⁴U=（-1.27±2.14）‰（±2σ,n=29）,该结果与国际上不同实验室的测量值在误差范围内一致。U/Th内用标准样品MFT（±2σ,n=22）的δ²³⁴U、²³⁰Th/²³⁸U放射性活度比和年代平均值分别为（408.2±3.2）‰、1.002±0.003和(124.3±0.5) ka,具有较好的重现性。47个石笋样品的²³⁴U/²³⁸U、²³⁰Th/²³⁸U放射性活度比和²³⁰Th/U校正年代的相对误差（±2σ）分别约为0.6‰、2.4‰和0.5%,与已发表数据在误差范围内吻合。     

长寿命裂变产物126Sn活度和原子数的γ能谱法测定

By using HPGe γ-ray spectrometry, the activity of the long-lived fission product ¹²⁶Sn was measured. The number of ¹²⁶Sn atoms and the isotopic abundance of 126Sn/Sn were calculated based on the half-life value of 2.35×10⁵ a. The result of the isotopic abundance, (1.037±0.044)×10^－8, is consistent with the results measured by the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) within uncertainty limits, that confirms our procedures in the measurement of ¹²⁶Sn by AMS and lays a foundation for the AMS measurement of ¹²⁶Sn at much lower levels.     

加速器质谱法测量99Tc

99Tc is a fission product, and it has high fission yield (6%) and very long half-life (2.1×105 a). With the movement of nucleus, the concentration of 99Tc is increasing in the circumstance. So it's important to measure the concentration of 99Tc in the circumstance, and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) might be the best method for 99Tc measurement. The 93Nb is used for AMS instrument normalization, sample matrix. And we used the difference of energy loss and deducting the isotope to measure the 99Tc in a series of standard samples. And the results show that the AMS is the feasible measurement method.     

加速器质谱测量93Zr的刻度研究

A method of determination for ⁹³Zr/⁹²Zr ratio by multi-collector inductively plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) was described in this paper. A ⁹³Zr/⁹²Zr ratio of (2.75±0.07)×10^－5 was obtained in the original sample for AMS measurement and its relative standard error was 2.5%. Considered the contribute of above-thermal neutron, a calculated ⁹³Zr/⁹²Zr ratio of 2.56×10^－5 was obtained and it was according with measurement of the result. The results showed that it can be used for AMS measurement standards sample preparation. A series 93Zr standards sample for AMS measurement were diluted by irradiated sample with enriched 92Zr.     

加速器质谱(AMS)测定~(41)Ca的方法研究

简要介绍应用加速器质谱计 (AMS)测量 4 1Ca,并与标准样品进行对照。4 1Ca测量结果表明 :4 1Ca的加速器质谱 (AMS)测量方法是可行的和可靠的 ,测量灵敏度已能够达到 1 0 -14 数量级     

Applications of accelerator mass spectrometry for pharmacological and toxicological research

The technique of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), known for radiocarbon dating of archeological specimens, has revolutionized high-sensitivity isotope detection in pharmacology and toxicology by allowing the direct determination of the amount of isotope in a sample rather than measuring its decay. It can quantify many isotopes, including 26Al, 14C, 41Ca, and 3H with detection down to attomole (10(-18)) amounts. Pharmacokinetic data in humans have been achieved with ultra-low levels of radiolabel. One of the most exciting biomedical applications of AMS with 14C-labeled potential carcinogens is the detection of modified proteins or DNA in tissues. The relationship between low-level exposure and covalent binding of genotoxic chemicals has been compared in rodents and humans. Such compounds include heterocyclic amines, benzene, and tamoxifen. Other applications range from measuring the absorption of 26Al to monitoring 41Ca turnover in bone. In epoxy-embedded tissue sections, high-resolution imaging of 14C label in cells is possible. The uses of AMS are becoming more widespread with the availability of instrumentation dedicated to the analysis of biomedical samples.     

碘的质谱测量方法研究进展

近年来,电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）技术的发展着力于应对基质更加复杂的样品和解决测量过程中的干扰问题,同时与进样、分离系统的联用技术也在快速发展,而加速器质谱（AMS）则朝着更加小型化和更高灵敏度的方向发展。ICP-MS测量前需要对样品进行前处理以消解和提取碘,而AMS测量前则还需对样品进一步分离富集和纯化。本文总结了ICP-MS和AMS的发展概况及其在碘测量方面的应用,归纳了ICP-MS和AMS测量含碘样品的前处理方法,综述了国内外总碘、碘同位素及碘形态的质谱测量方法新进展。     

Study on factors enhancing photobleaching effect of fluorescent dye

With unique capability of biomedical diagnosis and chemical analysis, microfluidics has received worldwide applications in various fields. Multiple methods have been proposed to measure velocity profile of flow in microchannels, among which the laser induced fluorescence photobleaching anemometer (LIFPA) provides great performance with not only high spatial resolution but also superior temporal resolution compared with former systems. The measurement sensitivity and temporal resolution of LIFPA system is largely determined by the speed of fluorescence photobleaching effect, meaning that a half-life decay time as short as possible is required to achieve superior temporal resolution. In this paper, several experiments are done to investigate the influence over the half-life decay time by several factors, including incident laser power, dye concentration, buffer concentration and fluidic pH value. Based on the experimental results, a certain dye solution is specially designed, which demonstrates an extremely fast photobleaching effect with a half-life decay time of about 55 μs. Fluorescent dye solution with such a fast photobleaching effect is potentially applicable in the analysis of transient flows, such as the rise time of electroosmotic flow, where high temporal resolution is required.     

79SeAMS测量实验室标准中79Se/78Se比值

Using liquid scintillation counting (LSC) to determine the ratio of ⁷⁹Se/⁷⁸Se in the irradiated sample was reported. Firstly, the γ and β spectrum of irradiated sample was measured to find out the interferefering nuclide. Then, the irradiated sample was heated up to remove the interferefering nuclide from the sample as much as possible. At last, the activity ⁷⁹Se was determined by LSC, and the ratio of ⁷⁹Se/⁷⁸Se was determined to be (5.44±0.23)×10^－5. It provides reliable standard sample for AMS measurement.