原位肝移植术后胆管吻合口狭窄的介入治疗

目的 总结经皮介入技术治疗原位肝移植(OLT)术后胆管吻合口狭窄的经验.方法 回顾性分析2004年5月至2009年12月间25例OLT术后胆管吻合口狭窄患者的资料.其中22例行胆道外引流,3例第2次肝移植者行内外引流.25例的治疗方式包括单纯经皮经肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTBD)4例,PTBD配合球囊扩张术14例,PTBD配合胆道支架置入术7例(胆道内涵管5例,胆道金属支架2例).结果 PTBD手术成功率为100%,25例经介入治疗后15例(60%)治愈,10例(40%)好转,有效率达100%.7例首次行PTBD时引流管未能通过胆管狭窄段,其中3例于引流1周后再次调整引流管,成功通过狭窄段,余4例于引流术后4～8周时胆管狭窄段完全闭塞.引流期间发生胆道感染6例(24%),患者均未出现严重手术相关并发症.结论 经皮介入技术是治疗OLT术后胆管吻合口狭窄的一种安全、有效的方法.首次PTBD或PTBD后应短期内使引流管尽可能通过狭窄段,以免狭窄处永久闭塞.

Abstract：

Objective To describe the technique, efficacy, and safety of percutaneous interventional therapy for anastomotic biliary strictures after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods From May 2004 to December 2009, 25 patients with anastomotic biliary strictures afte OLT were enrolled in our study. The modalities of biliary drainage included external drainage in 22patients, and external-internal drainage in 3 patients who underwent re-transplantation. All patients accepted percutaneous interventional therapy in our hospital, including single PTBD in 4 patients,PTBD combined with balloon dilation in 14 patients, balloon dilation and plastic stent implantation in 5 patients, balloon dilation and metallic stent implantation in 2 patients. The drainage catheters were exchanged every 1 to 3 months. Results The success rate of PTBD was 100%. Of the all 25patients, 15 (60 %) patients were cured, and 10 (40 %) patients were improved. The effective rate was 100 %. The drainage catheters failed to pass through the narrow bile duct when initial PTBD in 7 patients, and success was achieved in 3 patients by operation again after biliary drainage for one week.In the other 4 patients, anastomotic bile ducts were occluded, which was confirmed by cholangiography after biliary drainage for 4 to 8 weeks. The rate of biliary tract infection was 24 % (6/25). No serious procedure-related complications occurred in the all 25 patients. Conclusion PTBD combined with balloon dilation and biliary stenting is a effective and safe therapeutic modality for anastomotic biliary strictures after OLT, which can improve the patients' clinical symptoms and elevate patients' quality of life. To avoid bile duct occlusion, the drainage catheters should be passed through the narrow segments of bile duct when initial PTBD.     

内镜乳头球囊扩张术治疗非扩张性肝外胆管结石的疗效分析

Objective To investigate the efficacy of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) in the treatment of non-dilated extrahepatic biliary stones. Methods The clinical data of 317 patients with non-dilated extrahepatic biliary stones who were admitted to the Taiyuan Iron and Steel Corporation Hospital from January 1999 to April 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Of all patients, 119 received EPBD treatment, and the remaining 198 received EST treatment. Sixty-two patients treated by EPBD (EPBD group) and 62 by EST (EST group) were selected to conduct the matched-pair analysis. In the EPBD group, a cylindrical balloon was inserted under the guidance of a guidewire after the conclusive diagnosis by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. After the dilation, stones were extracted by a stone basket or a balloon, and then conventional endoscopic nasobiliary drainage was carried out. In the EST group, stones were extracted by a stone basket or a balloon under the monitor of the digital subtraction radiography after incision of the duodenal papilla. The efficacy of the two methods was compared using the chi-square test. Results The stonefree rate in one session was 92% (57/62) in the EPBD group and 94% (58/62) in the EST group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2 = 0.222, P > 0.05 ). The number of patients who were complicated with hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis was slightly greater, and the number of patients who were complicated with duodenal perforation was smaller in the EPBD group than those in the EST group, while there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2 = 0. 286, 1. 000, 2.000, P > 0.05 ). The numbers of patients who were complicated with duodenal papilla bleeding or biliary infection in the EPBD group were significantly smaller thanthose in the EST group ( χ 2 = 4. 000, 7. 000, P < 0.05 ). All patients were followed up for 24 months. The recurrence rate of bile duct stone and the incidence of biliary infection in the EPBD group were significantly lower than those in the EST group at the end of 6, 12 and 24 months (χ2 =4. 000, 5. 000, 6.000; 6.000, 8.000,11. 000, P < 0.05 ). Conclusions Combined application of EPBD and ENBD has the advantages of minor trauma and quick recovery of patients. It can preserve the function of duodenal papilla, so it is the first choice for treating non-dilated extrahepatic biliary stones.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

Ī��ɳ�ǶԼ�����֢��������Ч���ٴ��о�

??Clinical efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin for acute cholangitis of severe type--A prospective multi-centric study YIN Da-long*, LU Zhao-yang, LIU Lian-xin, et al. *The First Affiliated Hospital,Haerbin Medical University ,Haerbin 150001,China Corresponding author: LIU Lian-xin,E-mail:liulianxin@medmail.com.cn Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin for acute cholangitis of severe type(ACST). Methods In this prospective, single-blind, multi-centric study a total of 50 consecutive patients from January 2008 to June 2008 with ACST were included the current clinical trial. The efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin 400 mg by intravenous infusion once daily were evaluated to treat ACST accompanying surgery or endoscopy. The clinical and bacteriologic response at different intervals after administration were observed, as well as body temperature, leucocytes, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphate andγ-glutamyltransferase. Results The temperature and leucocytes of 42 in 49 patients were markedly decreased at 3 days after treatment compared to those at admission . There were significant decrease (P<0.01) in alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphate and γ-glutamyltransferase at 3 days comparable with those at admission, respectively. Clinical success rates at test-of-cure were 85.7% (42 of 49) for moxifloxacin. Pathogens were isolated from bile or blood cultures in all patients. Thirty out of 49 patients had positive bile and/or blood cultures, including 11(36.7%) patients with mixed infection with several species. The predominant strains were E.coli (22/49), Klebsiella species (8/49) and Enterococcus species (5/49). Bacterial eradication rates were 83.3%(35/42) for moxifloxacin at 7 days after administration.Conclusion E.coli, Klebsiella species and Enterococcus species were the most common bacteria isolated from bile or blood from patients with ACST and a mixed infection with several species was observed. Moxifloxacin evidently showed high clinical and bacteriological efficacies and safety in the hospitalized patients with ACST.     

经ERCP途径获取胆汁培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

背景与目的:胆道感染是临床常见急腹症,处理不及时可引发感染性休克,甚至死亡.因此,了解胆道感染患者胆汁中细菌的种类及药敏情况对指导临床治疗至关重要.本研究分析胆道疾病患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)途径获取胆汁培养病原菌分布及耐药情况,以期为临床胆道感染患者的抗菌药物合理使用提供依据.方法:回顾性分析2016年1月...     

急性胆道感染患者胆汁病原菌分布及耐药率变迁

目的探讨急性胆道感染患者胆汁病原菌分布和耐药率的变化趋势。方法回顾性分析2009年7月至2019年7月于上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院普通外科行胆囊穿刺或内镜下逆行胰胆管造影引流的223例急性胆道感染患者的临床资料,男性141例,女性82例,年龄67.3岁(范围:28~93岁)。每例患者抽取胆汁3~5 ml,送至检验科细菌培养室,对胆汁进行细菌培养、鉴定和药物敏感性试验。按照患者就诊时间分为前、后两组,前组(n=124)的收治时间为2009年7月至2014年7月,后组(n=99)的收治时间为2014年8月至2019年7月,对比两组患者的病原菌分布及常见细菌的耐药率变化趋势。采用WHO细菌监测网提供的WHONET软件对药物敏感性试验结果进行分析。不同时间段耐药率的比较采用χ²检验。结果本研究包括急性胆管炎患者147例,急性胆囊炎患者76例,共培养出病原菌376株。其中革兰阳性菌98株(26.1%),革兰阴性菌269株(71.5%),真菌9株(2.4%)。革兰阳性菌中前3位为屎肠球菌(49.0%,48/98)、粪肠球菌(20.4%,20/98)、铅黄肠球菌(7.1%,7/98);革兰阴性菌中前5位为大肠埃希菌(33.5%,90/269)、肺炎克雷伯菌(13.8%,37/269)、铜绿假单胞菌(13.0%,35/269)、鲍曼不动杆菌(12.6%,34/269)、阴沟肠杆菌(4.8%,13/269)。2009年至2019年急性胆道感染患者胆汁中革兰阳性菌(前组∶后组为25.3%∶28.2%)与革兰阴性菌(前组∶后组为74.7%∶71.8%)的比例无明显变化。革兰阳性菌以肠球菌属(85.7%,84/98)为主,革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌(33.5%,90/269)为主。前组中鲍曼不动杆菌占革兰阴性菌比例为7.8%(11/142),后组为18.1%(23/127),比例较前5年上升10.3%;铜绿假单胞菌在前组中比例为16.9%(24/142),后组为8.7%(11/127),比例下降8.2%;其余菌株变化不显著。常见革兰阴性菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌对大部分抗菌药物的耐药率呈上升趋势(前组:0/15~4/13,后组:55.0%~70.0%;χ²=3.996~16.942,P=0.000~0.046);鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药率总体较高,但在前、后两组中的耐药率无较大变化;铜绿单胞菌属对抗菌药物的耐药率有升有降;大肠埃希菌的总体耐药率较平稳,呈轻度上升趋势。结论急性胆道感染患者胆汁病原菌中以革兰阴性菌为主,2009年至2019年各种革兰阴性菌的构成比无明显变化,但耐药率呈上升趋势;革兰阴性菌中,大肠埃希菌是最主要病原菌,感染比例无明显变化,鲍曼不动杆菌的感染比例大幅上升,铜绿假单胞菌的感染比例呈下降趋势。     

源头控制用于中重度急性胆道感染治疗

目的探讨源头控制原则在中重度急性胆道感染治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2014年6月应用外科源头控制原则处理的48例因胆石病、胆道肿瘤所致中重度急性胆道感染病人的临床资料。结果急性胆囊炎20例行经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流术,急性胆管炎28例中6例行内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术＋内镜鼻胆管引流术（endoscopic naso-biliary drainage,ENBD）,21例行ENBD,1例行胆管内支架置入术。引流术后病人寒战、发热、腹痛、腹膜炎等症状、体征迅速缓解,感染中毒症状得到有效控制,肝功能渐趋正常。全组未出现并发症,无死亡病例。结论应用源头控制原则处理中重度急性胆道感染安全、微创、有效、并发症少,为后续进一步治疗创造了有利条件,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

莫西沙星在胆道疾病手术中应用的前瞻性研究

目的 1.评价莫西沙星对胆道疾病手术病人的临床及细菌学疗效.2.观察莫西沙星治疗胆道疾病的安全性.方法 选取2008年6～ 10月确诊为胆道疾病行手术治疗的52例病人,随机分为实验组(莫西沙星治疗组,32例)和对照组(头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗组,20例).术中留取胆汁作细菌培养和药敏试验,并观察临床疗效.结果 41例病人胆汁共培养出48株细菌,另11例胆汁培养无菌生长,胆汁细菌培养阳性率为78.8％(41/52).菌株药敏结果和临床疗效两组间比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).莫西沙星治疗组有1例病人发生胸闷和气促.结论 莫西沙星是胆道疾病手术治疗病人一种可供选择的抗生素.     

胆道感染的病原学和细菌耐药性的分析

目的 了解胆汁培养的病原菌分布及变迁以及耐药性的变化,为指导临床用药提供依据.方法 对2005年10月～2 010年10月问收治的278例胆道感染患者的胆汁细菌培养阳性的188株病原菌分布及耐药情况作回顾性分析.结果 对于2005年10月～2008年10月、2008年10月～2010年10月两个时间段126、152份胆...     

胆道手术患者胆汁培养和药物敏感分析的临床研究

目的 分析胆道疾病患者胆汁致病菌的分布特点及耐药情况,以便合理选择抗生素.方法 抽取2007年6月至2008年3月在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院普外科行胆道手术的195例患者的术中胆汁,并选取24名健康人作为对照,进行细菌培养及药物敏感试验.结果 195例胆道疾病患者胆汁培养阳性率为22.6%(44/195),其中混合感染率为25.0%(11/44).培养菌株55株,菌种16种,其中G-菌占61.8%(34/55),C+菌占34.6%(19/55),真菌占3.6%(2/55).主要致病菌为大肠杆菌(27.3%)、阴沟肠杆菌(12.7%)、粪肠球菌(12.7%)、屎肠球菌(10.9%).24名健康人正常胆汁培养阳性率为4.2%(1/24),为大肠杆菌.药物敏感实验结果显示:G-菌对美洛培南总耐药率最低(2.8%),其次为亚胺培南(5.6%)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(22.8%)、阿米卡星(28.7%).对青霉素类、喹讲酮类、部分三代头孢菌素类等抗生素耐药率较高(>50.0%).G+菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁总耐约率为0.对青霉素类、喹诺酮类、克林霉素等抗生素耐药率较高(>40.0%).结论 (1)该院胆道感染以G-菌为主,主要致病菌为大肠杆菌,肠球菌有上升趋势.细菌混合感染多见于急性感染患者.(2)治疗胆道感染首选对大肠杆菌耐药率低的广谱抗生素.头孢他啶、环丙沙星可用于胆道轻度感染,中重度感染首选头孢哌酮/舒巴坦或阿米卡星,亚胺培南、万古霉素可作为临床二线用药治疗其他药物治疗无效的感染.     

胆道感染患者胆汁培养与药敏分析和抗生素的选择应用

目的分析胆道感染患者胆汁中细菌群情况及其对抗生素的敏感性,为临床选择抗生素提供指导。方法将2004年1月至2005年12月住院患者胆汁培养阳性的326株细菌的分布及药敏结果采用WHONET5.3软件进行统计分析。结果革兰阴性杆菌占54%(176/326),革兰阳性球菌占42.6%(139/326),真菌属占3.4%(11/326)。引起胆道感染常见的病原菌依次为大肠埃希菌(23.6%,77/326),屎肠球菌(12.6%,41/326),粪肠球菌(10.4%,34/326),葡萄球菌(10.1%,33/326),肺炎克雷伯菌(6.7%,22/326)等。药敏结果显示:革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南总耐药率最低(12%),其次为美洛培南(12.1%),头孢哌酮-舒巴坦(16.6%),阿米卡星(19.1%),而对氨苄西林,哌拉西林,氨苄西林-舒巴坦,头孢唑啉,环丙沙星等高度耐药。革兰阳性菌对万古霉素及替考拉宁耐药最低(0),其次为氯霉素(12%),呋喃妥因(15.6%),磷霉素(18.2%)。结论胆道感染中的革兰阴性杆菌仍占主要地位,革兰阳性球菌呈上升趋势,临床常用的抗生素的耐药性明显增加,要有针对性地合理选用抗生素。     

Bacteriology of the human biliary tract and the duodenum.

Using the modern anaerobic transport media and meticulous culture techniques, 74 patients undergoing biliary tract surgery were studied. The biliary system was found to be sterile in 58 patients (78%). Fifteen patients had 35 isolates of aerobic and facultative bacteria. The most common ones were Klebsiella, Enterococcus, and Escherichia coli. The only anaerobe isolated was Clostridium perfringens. Eight of 17 patients (47%) with acute cholecystitis and five of 49 patients (10%) with chronic cholecystitis, harbored bacteria in the biliary system. This study suggests that anaerobes are rare in the human biliary system; therefore, if antibiotic therapy is considered, aerobic coverage should suffice.     

������Ⱦ��ԭ������Կ����������Ա仯���о�

目的了解胆道感染时胆汁中致病菌菌群及其对抗生素敏感性的变化,为临床选择用药提供参考和依据。方法将2002年1月至2003年12月培养阳性的264例胆汁标本323株病原菌及药敏结果进行统计分析。结果323株细菌中包含了52种细菌,其中革兰阴性杆菌占594%,革兰阳性球菌占406%。排列前6位的细菌依次为肠球菌220%,大肠埃希菌195%,克雷白菌属118%,葡萄球菌属108%,假单孢菌属87%,肠杆菌属84%。59例混合感染中,大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单孢菌各占12例和10例。细菌对青霉素类、头孢类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类抗生素敏感性普遍下降,对亚胺培南、美罗培南、万古霉素、替考拉宁仍保持相当高的敏感率。阿米卡星对细菌敏感性也较高,尤其对铜绿假单孢菌有效率仍达687%。结论胆道感染致病菌菌群不断在改变,细菌数量和种类在增加,其对药物敏感性普遍下降;治疗胆道感染应动态监测菌群和药物敏感性的变化及合理应用抗生素。