含B2O3渣系的热力学计算模型

根据炉渣结构的共存理论和相图，推导了ＣａＯＢ２Ｏ３和ＦｅＯＦｅ２Ｏ３Ｂ２Ｏ３渣系的热力学计算模型。结果表明：（１）理论计算的ＣａＯＢ２Ｏ３渣系的作用浓度ＮＣａＯ及ＮＢ２Ｏ３与实测的活度ａＣａＯ及ａＢ２Ｏ３一致；（２）理论计算的ＦｅＯＦｅ２Ｏ３Ｂ２Ｏ３渣系的氧化能力ＮＦｅｔＯ与实测的炉渣ＦｅｔＯ的活度值相符合。这说明本文提出的热力学计算模型是合理的。     

MgO-B2O3二元系熔渣质量作用浓度计算模型

依据化学中广泛应用的同系线性规律,拟合钙、镁复合化合物标准反应吉布斯自由能之间的线性关系式,然后由3CaO·B2O3和2CaO·B2O3的标准反应吉布斯自由能求得3MgO·B2O3和2MgO·B2O3的标准反应吉布斯自由能,进而基于炉渣结构的共存理论和相图,推导MgO-B2O3二元渣系的热力学计算模型.结果表明:1 460℃时,在浓度为0.45＜x(MgO)＜0.80的范围内,理论计算的MgO-B2O3渣系的作用浓度N(B2O3)的变化规律与实测活度α(B2O3)是相同的,且拟合较好.     

Effect of Ilmenite Component and AIR on Element Distribution of Titanium Slag Smelted by DC Arc Furnace

助化学平衡计算法,对冶炼过程中钛、碳及伴生元素的分配行为进行了研究,并用生产结果加以验证,计算结果与实验结果较吻合。结果表明:钛铁矿中Ti O2和Fe O含量的增加,增加了作为微量元素和用于还原Fe O和Ti O2的C量,提高了钛渣中总的Ti O2和Ti2O3的量,同时降低了用于还原Fe2O3的C量,降低了钛渣中Fe O的含量。当钛渣中Fe2O3含量由12%增加到20%时,作为微量元素C和用于还原Fe2O3的C量分别降低了0.006 mol和0.348 mol,钛渣中总的Ti O2和Ti2O3的量分别降低了8.34%和2.37%,而用于还原Fe2O3的C量增加了约0.36 mol,Fe O的质量分数增加了8.94%。其他成分对钛渣中总的Ti O2量的影响程度由大到小排序为:Si O2>Mg O>Al2O3>Ca O。对钛渣还原冶炼过程中元素分配行为的研究,可实现对工艺的更好控制、提高钛渣品位。     

硅系合金氧化精炼过程的热力学分析

应用亚正规溶体模型对Si-Al-Ca(-Fe）合金体系和SiO-CaO-Al2O3渣系的热力学性质进行了理论研究,计算出了上述体系组元的等活度曲线图。分析了1550℃温度条件下,金属硅和75SiFe在氧化精炼过程中杂质元素的渣平衡成分,给出了铝和钙的平衡等浓度线。根据模型计算的结果,分析了在相同实验条件下金属硅和75SiFe中杂质Al和Ca之间的关系。     

基于最小Gibbs自由能原理的CaO-SiO2炉渣和Si-Ca金属两相体系平衡热力学模型

基于封闭平衡体系Gibbs自由能最小原理对精炼Si液中杂质Ca的炉渣金属体系建立热力学模型,由该热力学模型得到Si液中Ca的摩尔分数xCa与CaO-SiO2二元渣系CaO的摩尔分数xCaO的关系和文献报道的实验结果吻合良好,即0.3相似文献   

含挥发组分B_2O_3渣系活度的测定方法

本文以Ｓｎ作熔剂，以石墨作坩埚，在一个半密闭的石墨容器内，用“熔渣－金属”化学平衡法测定了含挥发性组分Ｂ２Ｏ３的ＣａＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３二元系中ＣａＯ的活度；用α函数积分法计算了Ｂ２Ｏ３的活度．实验结果与文献报道的利用相图和生成自由能计算得到的数据相符．     

MnO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系作用浓度的计算模型

基于炉渣结构的共存理论,建立了MnO-SiO2-Al2O3三元渣系作用浓度的计算模型,考察了影响MnO作用浓度的影响因素。结果表明:模型计算所得的MnO作用浓度值NMnO与文献实测值aMnO(exp)非常吻合,且计算精度要高于正规溶液模型获得的计算值aMnO(cal),说明该模型能够反映该渣系的结构本质。利用此模型可以很好地预测Mn/Si脱氧钢的夹杂物成分,为生产高质量的帘线钢提供热力学参考。     

Calculating models of mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary system and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary system

Thermodynamic models of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions were developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory at 298.15 K. A transformation coefficient is needed to compare the calculated mass action concentration and the reported activity because they are obtained at different standard states and concentration units. The results show that the transformation coefficients between the calculated mass action concentrations and the reported activities of the same structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions change in a very narrow range. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary system are in good agreement with the reported activities. The transformed mass action concentrations of RbCl and RbNO3 in RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary solution are also in good agreement with the reported activities, aRbCl and , with different total ionic strengths as 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.5 mol/kg, respectively. All those results mean the developed thermodynamic model of strong electrolyte aqueous solutions can reflect structural characteristics of RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions and the mass action concentration also strictly follows the mass action law.     

电渣精炼去除铝中杂质铁(英文)

采用添加Na2B4O7的KCl-NaCl-Na3AlF6渣剂对浇注的工业纯铝自耗电极棒进行电渣精炼,以去除纯铝中的杂质铁,并改善其力学性能。结果表明:电渣精炼后纯铝中的铁含量随着Na2B4O7添加量和电渣重熔时间的增加而减少,在Na2B4O7添加量为9%和重熔时间为30min的情况下,铁含量从0.400%降低到0.184%。电渣精炼后,纯铝的弹性模量、屈服强度和抗拉强度得到改善,尤其是其延伸率提高了43%。铁含量降低的主要原因是电渣重熔过程中熔渣和铝液滴反应生成富铁相Fe2B。渣-液体系的反应热力学计算从理论上解释了Fe2B的生成。     

Investigation on mechanism of fixing nitrogen in self-shielded flux cored arc welding

Prevention of nitrogen porosity in weld metal deposited with self-shielded flux cored wire with CaF_2-TiO_2-MgO slag system can be accomplished by using a "killing agent" such as titanium to react with nitrogen dissolved in the weld metal. The amount of titanium needed to prevent porosity is calculated thermodynamically for various dissolved nitrogen levels. Experimental flux cored wires are used to verify the thermodynamic model. It is concluded that approximately O.11 wt％ titanium in the weld deposit is need to prevent nitrogen porosity when welding without externally applied shielding.     

含Ti高炉渣冷却及析晶过程中电导率的变化

用交流阻抗方法测量了含Ｔｉ高炉渣及ＣａＯ—ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＭｇＯ五元合成渣在１６５３－１７３３Ｋ温度范围内的电导率,检测到了熔渣冷却过程Ｃａ－Ｔｉ矿相（ＣａＴｉＯ３）的初晶温度是１６９３Ｋ．由于渣中ＣａＴｉＯ３的析出,渣的碱度减小,并导致两性氧化物Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＯ２呈碱性并发生离解：ＴｉＯ２＝Ｔｉ(４＋)２Ｏ(２－),Ａｌ２Ｏ３＝２Ａｌ(３＋)３Ｏ(２－)．通过电导率的测量确定了该离解反应达到平衡的时间．并计算出Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＯ２离解反应的速率常数之和及ＣａＴｉＯ３生成反应的速率常数在１７０３－１７３３Ｋ温度范围内将电导率数据按Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ形式进行了回归．     

电渣重熔用低氟渣与Incoloy825合金中Al、Ti反应性的研究

通过高温渣-金平衡实验,探讨了电渣重熔用低氟渣CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-Li2O-(TiO2)中TiO2含量对Incoloy825合金中Al、Ti含量的影响。并利用FactSage7.3热力学软件分析了渣中TiO2和Al2O3的活度与渣成分的关系。研究了渣中组元对反应4[Al]+3(TiO2)=3[Ti]+2(Al2O3)的吉布斯自由能和合金中平衡Al、Ti含量的影响规律。结果表明:反应的吉布斯自由能与渣中TiO2、CaF2和MgO呈负相关,与CaO和Al2O3呈正相关;渣中TiO2含量为0%7.27%(质量分数)时,合金烧钛增铝现象逐渐减弱,TiO2含量为11.27%时,又出现烧铝增钛现象;同一温度下,随着渣中CaO和Al2O3含量增加,合金中平衡Ti含量降低,平衡Al含量升高。随着渣中TiO2含量增加,合金中平衡Ti含量升高,平衡Al含量降低。渣中CaF2和和MgO含量变化对合金中平衡Al、Ti含量影响较小。实验结果与热力学计算结果能够很好的吻合。     

THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF MASS ACTION IN COMBINATION WITH THE COEXISTENCE THEORY OF SLAG STRUCTURE TO THE MULTICOMPONENT SLAG SYSTEMS

1. IDtroduction to the Coexistence Theory of Slag StructureA lot of paper have already been published in the field for application of the law ofmass action in combination with the coexistence theory of slag structure to the binaryand ternary slag systems[1--'1. In this paper3 some examples about application of both tothe multicomponent slag systems are given. First of all, an introduction to the coexistencetheory of slag structure is presented, then followed by some examples about its applic…     

等离子喷涂强化H13钢铸铝压铸模实验研究

为解决H13钢铸铝压铸模普遍存在的抗热腐蚀能力差、强度低等问题,采用等离子喷涂工艺在H13钢基体上制备了Al2O3和Al2O3-TiO2两种硬质涂层。以喷涂电流、喷涂电压、喷涂距离为试验参数进行正交试验,采用MH-6型显微硬度仪和HSR-2M往复摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层的显微硬度和磨损质量,通过对显微硬度的极差和方差分析,确定了影响涂层显微硬度的主次因素和显著因素,优化了喷涂工艺参数。结果表明,Al2O3-TiO2涂层的硬度982.0 HV,摩擦系数平均值为0.41～0.45,磨损量平均为0.89～0.93 mg;Al2O3涂层的硬度1446.2 HV,摩擦系数平均值为0.32～0.35,磨损量平均为0.58～0.62 mg。Al2O3涂层的性能较好,优化工艺参数为:电流为600 A,电压为65 V,喷涂距离为110 mm,预热温度为200℃。     

Thermodynamic analysis on preparation of fibrous NiO precursor powders with oxalate precipitation process

According to the principles of simultaneous equilibrium and mass balance, a series of thermodynamic equilibrium equations of Ni（ Ⅱ）-C2 O4^2--NH3-NH4^＋-H2O system at ambient temperature are deduced theoretically and the logarithm concentration versus pH value（lg[Ni^2＋ ]r-pH） diagrams at different solution compositions are drawn. The results show that when pH is above 8.0, nickel ions coordinate with ammonia, the precipitation proceeds slowly accompanying with the release of nickel ions from the multi-coordinated Ni（NH3）n^2＋ （n= 1, 2,…, 6） and the morphology of NiO powder precursor is fibrous; when pH is below 8.0, nickel ion directly reacts with C2O4^2- and the morphology of NiO powder precursor is of cubic-shape. Some experiments were made to confirm the relation between the total concentration of nickel ion and pH. It is shown that the thermodynamic mathematical model is correct and the calculated values are basically accurate.     

CALCULATION MODEL OF SURFACE TENSION FOR ALLOY MELTS

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｏｆｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｅｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｕｒｆａｃｅｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｆｏｒａｌｏｙｍｅｌｔ．Ｍａｎｙｍｅｔａｌｕｒｇｙｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａ，ｓｕｃｈａｓＣＯｂｕｂｂｌｅｓｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉ...     

Ti-Al合金熔体与氧化物陶瓷界面反应的热力学分析(英文)

研究CaO、MgO、Al2O3和Y2O3与熔融Ti及Ti合金之间的界面反应热力学。根据氧化物在Ti合金熔体中的溶解反应机制建立热力学模型,通过热力学分析预测各氧化物相对于Ti-Al(0≤x(Al)≤0.5)合金的热力学稳定性。根据氧化物坩埚熔炼实验结果来研究氧化物与Ti-xAl合金熔体的界面反应,对熔炼效果进行定量分析,发现随着合金中Al含量的提高和熔体温度的降低,合金中杂质元素含量成比例的减少,这与氧化物稳定性计算结果一致。     

Al2O3-TiO2复相陶瓷涂层在动态LBE中的耐腐蚀行为

目的分析研究Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层在高温流动铅铋合金中的耐腐蚀行为。方法以纯Ti粉末、Fe Al粉末、CrFe粉末为原料制得复合粉末,在CLAM钢基材表面上采用热喷涂-激光原位合成复合工艺制备了Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层。试样在500℃,流速为0.3 m/s的液态铅铋合金中进行了时长1000 h的动态腐蚀实验,分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等分析测试手段对涂层试样在动态LBE中的耐腐蚀行为进行了研究表征。结果在CLAM钢基材表面制备的Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层表面形貌整体较腐蚀前仍保持完好,涂层物相成分保持稳定,截面分析显示铅铋合金在腐蚀过程在涂层中未见渗透;而没有涂层保护的CLAM钢基材在腐蚀后表面发生明显的氧化腐蚀现象,生成结构疏松的Fe3O4氧化层,铅铋合金在氧化层中有扩散分布。结论通过火焰热喷涂-激光原位合成复合工艺在CLAM钢表面制备得到的Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层在高温流动的铅铋合金腐蚀条件下组织结构稳定,具有良好的适用性,能有效地阻止高温流动铅铋合金对CLAM钢基体材料的腐蚀。     

Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation on preparation of copper oxalate precursor powder

According to the principles of simultaneous equilibrium and mass balance, a series of thermodynamic equilibrium equations of Cu^2＋-C2O4^2--NH3-NH4^＋＋-H2O system at ambient temperature were deduced theoretically and the logarithm concentration versus pH value （lg[Cu^2＋]T--pH） diagrams at different solution compositions were drawn. The results show that when pH is below 5.0, copper ion reacts with C2O4^2- directly and the morphology of copper precursor powder is of pie-shape, when pH is above 5.0, copper ion coordinates with ammonia, and the precipitation proceeds slowly accompanying with the release of copper ions fi＇om the multi-coordinated Cu（NH3）n^2＋（n =1, 2,…, 5） and the morphologies of copper precursor powder are respectively of rod aggregation shape （when 5.0〈pH〈8.0） and of rod-shape （when pH〉8.0）. Some experiments were performed to confirm the relation between the total concentration of copper ion and pH value. It is shown that the thermodynamic mathematical model is correct and the calculated values are basically accurate.     

1Cr17Ni4不锈钢金属和陶瓷等离子体喷涂工艺研究

1Cr17Ni4马氏体型不锈钢用作传动轴时耐磨损性能有待改善.采用等离子体喷涂方法在1Cr17Ni4马氏体型不锈钢表面制备Al2O3-TiO2 、Cr2O3陶瓷涂层和NiCrAlY金属涂层及NiCrAlY/ Al2O3-TiO2、NiCrAlY/ Cr2O3复合涂层,研究了它们的组织结构和磨损特性,讨论了喷涂工艺与耐磨损性能的关系.结果表明, Cr2O3涂层组织致密度高,与基体结合强度高,其耐磨性能好.提高喷涂功率时,Al2O3-TiO2、Cr2O3涂层致密度及与基体结合强度提高,其耐磨性能提高.合金涂层NiCrAlY的熔化状况和平化效果较陶瓷涂层优良,陶瓷涂层只有在较高喷涂功率时才有较好熔化和平化效果,而合金涂层在较低喷涂功率时,就可以得到较好的熔化和平化效果.陶瓷涂层Al2O3-TiO2、Cr2O3在磨损过程中的去除机制为断裂机制,金属涂层NiCrAlY在磨损过程中的去除机制为塑性变形机制.