鼻尖,鼻翼缺损修复方法的探讨

１９５７年以来共收治鼻尖、鼻翼缺损１１９例，据情分别采用以下四种方法修复：①全层皮片移植２７例；②游离耳廓复合组织片移植３６例；③鼻唇沟皮瓣移转１２例；④上臂内侧皮管移植４４例，效果较为满意。我们在文章中就选用的原则、手术方法及注意事项等进行了探讨。     

诱导膜技术全厚皮片移植固定治疗儿童下肢缺损创面

目的 探讨诱导膜技术全厚皮片移植固定治疗儿童下肢缺损创面的临床疗效。方法 采用诱导膜技术全厚皮片移植固定治疗15例下肢缺损创面患儿。入院后急诊一期彻底清创后固定，骨水泥填塞，骨水泥表面钻孔，碘伏油纱包加压固定；二期取出骨水泥行全厚皮片移植及碘伏油纱包加压固定。结果 患儿均获得随访，时间4个月～3年。末次随访时，创面愈合良好，未见窦道、渗出、破溃；7例部分供皮区及皮片移植区存在不同程度增生性瘢痕形成；15例髋、膝、踝关节功能均恢复良好，无跛行、异常步态；未见骨折不愈合、延迟愈合、畸形愈合及骨髓炎、骨生长区损伤、骨水泥毒性反应等并发症的发生。结论 采用诱导膜技术全厚皮片移植固定治疗儿童下肢缺损创面，具有抗感染能力强、创面愈合良好、并发症少的优点。     

大面积带真皮下血管网的皮肤游离移植治疗四肢严重瘢痕挛缩畸形

采用大面积带真皮下血管网的皮肤游离移植治疗四肢严重瘢痕挛缩畸形１２例，其中肘部１例，腕手部８例，膝部１例，踝足部２例；移植皮片面积最小１３ｃｍ×８ｃｍ，最大２１５ｃｍ×１１ｃｍ，平均１３８６ｃｍ，１２例移植皮片全部成活，经２～９年随访，结果为移植皮肤色泽、感觉正常，畸形基本矫正，功能明显改善。作者认为本方法是一种简单实用、结果优良、基本可取代带蒂皮瓣或吻合血管的游离皮瓣移植治疗四肢严重瘢痕挛缩畸形的新方法     

全厚皮片移植在乳腺癌术中的应用

目的探索乳腺癌根治性手术后，胸壁皮肤缺损的植皮方法及运用前景。方法对31例Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期乳癌女患者，采用胸部或腹部全厚游离皮片移植，覆盖胸壁皮肤缺损面。观察皮片成活情况，耐受化、放疗的能力及肿瘤局部复发情况。结果移植皮片成活率100％；术后第12．16周放疗，放疗总量50Gy，化疗6．8个周期，无皮片破溃坏死；随诊1．0～3．8年，2例Ⅳ期患者分别于术后12个月、23个月死于胸腔广泛转移；1例Ⅳ期患者术后拒绝化疗，放疗1个疗程，术后19个月局部复发、全身转移，至今存活。结论胸、腹部自体全厚皮片，结构完整，弹性好。移植技术方便、简单，成活率高，复发率低，并发症少。     

会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形45例整复治疗

目的 讨论、总结会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形整复治疗的经验。方法 我科自1989年以来对45例会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形患者进行了整复治疗。术前强调肠道清洁和局部瘢痕清洗；术中根据瘢痕挛缩畸形的具体情况，联合采用局部皮瓣及中厚皮片移植31例，全厚皮片移植8例，单纯用局部皮瓣移植6例；术后注意保持创面的清洁干燥和进行及时有效的功能锻炼。结果 患者在接受整复治疗后形态、功能均获得良好恢复，总优良率达95．5％。结论 根据会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形的特殊性，重视术前准备及术后处理，合理设计、选择手术方法，才能够获得满意的治疗效果。     

大张表皮片覆盖预防断层皮片供区瘢痕

目的介绍一种用自体大张表皮片即时覆盖断层皮片供区以预防其瘢痕生长的方法。方法用鼓式或电动取皮机切取断层皮片，厚度在0．3～0.5mm之间，用电动取皮机切取大张表皮片，厚度0．07～0．12mm（0．0028in～0．0048in），供皮区一般首选在背部、腰部、臀部或头皮，其次是胸腹和四肢；将表皮片覆盖在断层皮片供区，边缘用纳米银纱布条压紧，外加缝合或钉皮钉固定。表皮片供区和移植区内层均用油纱布，外层纳米银纱布覆盖，以缝线包压法包扎。结果从1999年11月至2003年11月共用于118例的133个整形部位。断层皮片供区移植表皮片后，无瘢痕生长，平坦，光滑，外观接近正常皮肤，但无毛囊和汗腺。表皮片供区短时间内潮红，无瘢痕增生，3个月以后逐渐接近正常皮肤。结论大张表皮片移植覆盖断层皮片供区是一种预防断层皮片供区瘢痕生长的好方法，值得推广和应用。     

自体脾组织片移植的临床观察

自体脾组织片移植的临床观察李益民崔宏何三光刘永锋我院从１９８１年１月至１９９６年１月共行外伤性脾切除后的自体脾组织片移植１４例，术后观察效果良好，现报告如下：脾破裂行自体脾组织片移植共１４例，男１１例，女３例。年龄６～５７岁，平均３３．５岁，其中脾组...     

鼻尖、鼻翼缺损修复方法的探讨

1957年以来共收治鼻尖、鼻翼缺损119例,据情分别采用以下四种方法修复:①全层皮片移植27例;②游离耳廓复合组织片移植36例;③鼻唇沟皮瓣移转12例;④上臂内侧皮管移植44例,效果较为满意。我们在文章中就选用的原则、手术方法及注意事项等进行了探讨。     

口周瘢痕畸形皮瓣皮片联合移植修复

目的 探讨口周瘢痕反致畸形的皮瓣，皮片联合移植修复方法。方法 运用口周瘢痕挛缩松解、皮片移植加局部皮瓣，远位皮管等联合移植修复畸形。结果 19例烧伤后口周瘢痕畸形患者术后功能及外观均较满意。结论 对于口周瘢痕的整复，应视瘢痕厚薄情况和所在部位，根据患者病情特点运用皮片加皮瓣法或皮管法等进行联合移植修复，可能使口周的功能和外观的修复达到完美。     

自体刃厚头皮片移植厚中厚皮片供区以抑制瘢痕增生

目的:探讨应用自体刃厚头皮片移植厚中厚皮片供区以抑制瘢痕增生的可行性及应用效果。方法:烧伤后全身大范围的增生性瘢痕患者24例,行功能部位的增生性瘢痕切除,应用非功能部位的大张厚中厚皮片修复,厚中厚皮片供区应用刃厚头皮片移植修复。结果:24例患者非功能部位厚中厚皮片供区经刃厚头皮片移植后,未见有明显的瘢痕增生。经随访半年至2年11例,2年以上3例,均未见有明显的瘢痕增生。头皮片供区无瘢痕形成,头发生长良好。结论:应用自体刃厚头皮片移植厚中厚皮片供区抑制瘢痕增生是一种可行的方法,值得临床推广。     

颈阔肌瓣双向翻转在颈部严重瘢痕增生挛缩整复中的应用

目的介绍颈阔肌瓣双向翻转技术在修复颈部瘢痕挛缩中的应用。方法针对15例烧伤后颈部瘢痕挛缩患者,利用颈阔肌瓣双向翻转技术加深颏颈角并形成缓和自然的颈胸部过渡,颈部创面移植厚中厚皮片或全厚皮片。结果15例患者皮片均成活良好,颏颈角明显,颈部自然曲线和活动度基本恢复,效果满意。结论颈阔肌瓣双向翻转技术能有效解决颈部瘢痕挛缩．具有进一步深入探讨和推广应用的价值。     

头面部体表组织缺损的修复

目的回顾性总结头面部体表组织缺损修复的临床经验。方法对86例99处头而部体表组织缺损,分别采用分次切除或直接拉拢缝合、植皮、邻近随意皮瓣、大网膜+皮片游离移植、皮肤软组织扩张法等方法修复。结果扩张器外露1例,4例皮瓣远端小部分坏死和创面延期愈合:3例皮片部分坏死(10～15%)或水疱形成;1例大网膜坏死;77例伤口I期愈合。24例经3个月至10年随访,2例皮瓣蒂部“猫耳”需再次手术矫正;3例植皮周边疤痕增生,经再次手术矫正;3例死亡(肺部转移2例;脑溢血1例);16例功能、外形均满意,头发生长良好。结论头面部体表组织缺损的修复方法应根据患者的具体情况灵活运用,以邻近随意皮瓣的效果为好。     

阴囊纵隔皮瓣与阴囊中厚皮片对合移植Ⅰ期修复重型尿道下裂

目的探索一种可行的安全可靠的手术方法修复尿道,矫正重型尿道下裂畸形。方法对于严重型尿道下裂而阴囊发育正常的患者,运用阴囊纵隔岛状皮瓣同时对合取舍自阴囊的中厚皮片移植,Ⅰ期修复尿道治疗尿道下裂畸形。结果共计15例,术后随访1年,包括阴茎近端和阴茎阴囊及阴囊型尿道下裂,Ⅰ期完成治疗,治疗效果良好,没有尿道狭窄和尿瘘等并发症发生,手术后的尿道外口正位于阴茎头中央,阴茎矫直,无偏曲,排尿尿线直,尿道镜检查再造尿道内壁平整光滑。结论利用阴囊纵隔瓣对合阴囊中厚皮片Ⅰ期成形尿道,完成严重型尿道下裂的修复,效果可靠,操作简单,对合技术同时综合了皮片和皮瓣再造尿道的优点,并且能充分保证矫正阴茎下弯畸形,取得再造阴茎外观和功能上的满意疗效,是一种较理想的治疗手段。     

用深筋膜皮瓣修复皮肤软组织缺损59例

目的 :皮肤软组织缺损的修复。方法 :采用深筋膜皮瓣修复皮肤软组织缺损 5 9例。结果 :皮瓣成活 ,缺损区均Ⅰ期愈合。经 2～ 10年随访未见病灶复发。结论 :采用深筋膜皮瓣修复皮肤软组织缺损具有手术安全、皮瓣切取容易、操作简单 ;不用吻合血管神经 ,省时省力 ;远期效果好。与其他岛状皮瓣相比尚有不牺牲主要血管的优点。对皮瓣的血供特点、优点、适应证进行了讨论     

Posterior arm flap in management of axillary contracture

Introduction

Management of post burn contracture can be difficult, particularly for the axilla. Any handicap related to upper limb has a detrimental physical, psycohological, and economical effect.

Patients and methods

We have released 20 axillae in 16 patients. These patients had axillary contracture for long duration and 5 had been operated previously by release and skin graft.We used posterior arm fasciocutaneous flaps for coverage of the defect after release of contracture.

Results and conclusion

All the patients had a good post op release. Their range of movement is excellent. No post op splintage was utilised in any of the cases with no incidence of recontracture.     

Reconstruction of the medial canthus: full-thickness skin graft or local flap?

Summary Forty-nine patients with skin tumors in the medial canthal area were operated on from 1986 to 1992. Forty-one of 43 surviving patients (95%) could be re-examined with an average follow-up of two years. In 20 patients, a full-thickness skin graft was used for the immediate reconstruction, in 21 patients a local flap, and in a further 8 patients, both methods were used in combination for the surgical repair. The histology of the lesions was mainly basal cell carcinoma; these may show aggressive extension in the medial canthal region. With the high accuracy intraoperative frozen section, immediate reconstructive surgery was performed after surgical excision. The results of the medial canthal reconstruction, using local flaps or full-thickness skin grafts, were compared in terms of the final functional and cosmetic result. The size and depth of the defect after eradication of the tumor was taken into consideration.     

Skin grafted forehead flap for total nasal reconstruction in severe postburn facial deformity

Summary Total or subtotal nasal loss is one of the sequelae of severe facial burns and requires total nasal reconstruction. Distant flaps or tube pedicles were used but the result was not good in terms of skin color match and texture. Since 1982 the authors have used a skin grafted forehead flap for nasal reconstruction and have achieved a better color match for the new nose. This forehead flap is quite rigid and a bone graft is not needed for support. However, the flap is not as easily brought down to the nasal area as the standard forehead flap; thus, in the last five cases the supraorbital and the supratrochlear arteries on both sides had to be sacrificed. There was no compromise of the blood supply to the flap and the mechanism by which the flap retains its good blood supply remains to be elucidated.     

Composite Skin Grafts for Basal Cell Carcinoma Defects of the Nose

Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent cutaneous cancer of the nose and is characterized by its local spreading and exceptionally rare tendency to metastasize. Since a significant advantage has been seen in surgery compared to other treatments, surgical excision ensuring the highest chance of cure is frequently employed. Excision defects of the nose may be covered with either local flap or a full-thickness skin graft. In resurfacing such defects following excision of basal cell carcinomas, we favor the technique of composite-skin grafting which involves the harvesting of composite-skin graft including the epidermis, dermis and superficial layers of subcutaneous tissue to obtain the required thickness in the recipient site. This technique was used for defects remaining after the excision of basal cell carcinomas in a series of 15 patients. The areas involved were lateral nasal region (5 cases), nasal tip (4 cases), dorsum (3 cases), alar lobule (2 cases), and soft triangle (1 case). The mean follow-up was 14.2 months. The color, texture and thickness of the composite-skin graft harvested from the preauricular site and the neck compare favorably with the skin of the nose region. Satisfactory results, both clinically and in patient appreciation, have been obtained in both the reconstruction site and the appearance of the donor site in all patients.     

足内侧岛状皮瓣多向转位修复足部皮肤缺损

作者对３０侧成尸和１５侧童尸的足内侧皮瓣进行了解剖观测。该皮瓣的供血动脉有内踝前动脉、跗内侧动脉、足底内侧动脉浅支和趾底内侧动脉浅支，外径分别为１．５±０．２ｍｍ、１．２±０．３ｍｍ、１．１±０．３ｍｍ和０．８±０．３ｍｍ。上述四条动脉在内侧楔骨处吻合形成展肌上缘动脉弓。每条动脉都有两条静脉伴行。在解剖研究的基础上我们施行了９例足内侧岛状皮瓣修复足跟、足背和足前部皮肤缺损，皮瓣全部成活。足内侧皮瓣切取之后，对足的血供和负重行走影响较小