SnO2纳米晶体的液相法可控合成研究进展

SnO2纳米晶体广泛应用于电极材料、气敏材料及催化材料.概述了纳米SnO2结构液相法可控合成技术的研究现状及进展,重点介绍了均匀沉淀法、微乳液法、溶胶-凝胶法和水热法4种主要合成方法,并结合各种方法的特点对其在纳米SnO2各应用领域的发展前景进行了分析.     

液相法合成纳米氧化锡概述

详细总结了采用溶胶-凝胶法、沉淀法、水（溶剂）热法等液相合成法制备纳米SnO2的研究成果和进展，展望了制备氧化锡纳米材料及其作为气敏材料的应用前景。     

液相法合成纳米氧化锡概述

详细总结了采用溶胶-凝胶法、沉淀法、水(溶剂)热法等液相合成法制备纳米SnO2的研究成果和进展,展望了制备氧化锡纳米材料及其作为气敏材料的应用前景。     

静电纺丝法制备不同形貌的纳米SnO_2及其甲醛气敏特性的研究

采用静电纺丝法,分别选取不同的有机溶剂PVP,PMMA,制备了SnO2的有机物纳米纤维。在600℃温度下退火后,得到不同形貌的SnO2纳米材料(SnO2纳米纤维和SnO2纳米颗粒)。分别通过XRD,SEM,TEM,BET等表征方法对材料的微结构进行了表征,并分别制备了基于SnO2纳米纤维和SnO2纳米颗粒的气敏元件,测试了这些元件对(0.5~50)×10-6的甲醛气体的敏感性能。测试结果表明,在(0.5~50)×10-6甲醛浓度范围内,SnO2纳米颗粒气敏元件比SnO2纳米纤维气敏元件表现出更低的工作温度、更高的响应灵敏度和略长的响应及恢复时间。两种元件都对甲醛表现出良好的选择性。最后,分析了SnO2纳米材料对甲醛的吸附机理。     

纺丝法制备多级SnO2纳米纤维及其气敏特性研究

为了提高SnO2的气敏性能,以PVP为有机溶剂,采用静电纺丝法制备了多级结构的SnO2纳米纤维,利用XRD,SEM和TEM等技术对材料的结构、形貌进行了表征,并制备了SnO2旁热式气敏元件.采用静态气体测试系统对SnO2元件进行了气敏测试.在工作温度300℃时,对0.5~50 ppm甲醛进行了气敏测试.测试结果表明:SnO2气敏元件对甲醛气体具有优异的响应灵敏度,快速的响应及响应恢复特性、较好的选择性.采用静电纺丝制备的多级结构SnO2纳米纤维对甲醛表现出良好的气敏特性.     

纳米SnO2、ZnO及ZnO／SnO2复合材料的气敏性能研究

以ZnO、S如纳米颗粒及ZnO／SnO2复合纳米材料分别作为气敏基料制成旁热式气敏元件,运用扫描电镜观察产物的形貌,用静态配气法对浓度为100ppm的甲烷气体进行气敏性能的测试。结果表明,这几类元件的最佳工作温度及灵敏度差异较大,当工作温度为350℃时SnO2纳米颗粒的气敏性能最佳。此温度下,SnO2响应时间和恢复时间也比纯ZnO纳米颗粒分别缩短了2S和3S。     

Sol-gel法制备CuSO4,Cu(AC)2掺杂SnO2的气敏性能研究

以溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)制备纳米SnO2及其不同比例的铜源掺杂物.采用热分析(TG-DTA),XRD等手段对其产物进行表征,利用静态配气法测试了掺杂产物的气敏性能.实验结果表明:采用Sol-gel法制备掺杂SnO2的气敏性能,同时受铜源和掺杂量的影响,且掺杂产物对乙醇不很敏感,但在150℃工作温度下对0.005%的H2S具有36367倍的高灵敏度.     

纳米SnO_2气敏材料制备的研究进展

为了解国内外SnO2气敏材料及其制备技术的研究进展,对纳米SnO2粉体材料以及膜的制备技术和研究进展进行了详细的综述,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。结果认为,SnO2纳米粉体与SnO2膜等气敏材料的制备与使用仍是今后一段时间内重点发展对象;制备技术的不断成熟将使SnO2纳米功能材料作为气敏材料而深入研究和广泛应用,结合掺杂等手段,将进一步推动SnO2气敏元件的高效微型、集成化、智能化发展。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米氧化锡及其性能表征

以SnCl4·5H2O为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米SnO2粒子,研究了焙烧温度、碱的种类及反应物浓度对纳米SnO2粒子大小和分散状态的影响。采用XRD、TEM、ED等技术对SnO2纳米粒子的性能进行了表征。实验结果表明:用氨水和尿素作为沉淀剂,控制反应结束时pH值为7,在600℃焙烧,制备得到粒子尺寸约为15nm、分散性良好的纳米SnO2粒子。     

铟掺杂纳米SnO_2的合成及气敏性能研究

采用一步水热法制备出了掺杂铟和未掺杂的球花状SnO2纳米结构。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等手段对所得样品的形貌及晶体结构进行了表征,结果表明制得的SnO2纳米结构由厚度约30nm的纳米片组成,晶型为四方金红石型。以掺杂铟和未掺杂的SnO2样品制作了旁热式气敏元件,用于测试样品对乙醇气体的气敏性能。测试结果显示铟的掺入提高了SnO2样品的灵敏度,同时降低了气敏元件的最佳工作温度。最后,提出了铟掺杂提升SnO2纳米材料的气敏性能的可能机制。     

Characterization of Integrated Tin Oxide Gas Sensors With Metal Additives and Ion Implantations

Post-treatment of the sensing film in tin oxide gas sensor arrays is widely used to improve the selectivity in gas recognition applications. This letter describes the characterization study of an integrated tin oxide gas sensor array chip in which the sensing films are modified using metal additives and ion implantations. Measurement results reveal that metal additives present a higher impact on the sensor sensitivity compared with ion implantations. The latter has no significant effect on the sensing properties. The drift is increased for the sensors with only ion implantation compared with the ones with metal additives. An array combining both post-treatment techniques is expected to improve the overall recognition performance.     

Indium oxide thin film based ammonia gas and ethanol vapour sensor

A sensor for ammonia gas and ethanol vapour has been fabricated using indium oxide thin film as sensing layer and indium tin oxide thin film encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a miniature heater. For the fabrication of miniature heater indium tin oxide thin film was grown on special high temperature corning glass substrate by flash evaporation method. Gold was deposited on the film using thermal evaporation technique under high vacuum. The film was then annealed at 700 K for an hour. The thermocouple attached on sensing surface measures the appropriate operating temperature. The thin film gas sensor for ammonia was operated at different concentrations in the temperature range 323–493 K. At 473 K the sensitivity of the sensor was found to be saturate. The detrimental effect of humidity on ammonia sensing is removed by intermittent periodic heating of the sensor at the two temperatures 323K and 448 K, respectively. The indium oxide ethanol vapour sensor operated at fixed concentration of 400 ppm in the temperature range 293–393 K. Above 373 K, the sensor conductance was found to be saturate. With various thicknesses from 150–300 nm of indium oxide sensor there was no variation in the sensitivity measurements of ethanol vapour. The block diagram of circuits for detecting the ammonia gas and ethanol vapour has been included in this paper.     

苯系物(BTEX)检测气敏材料研究进展

金属氧化物半导体传感器因具有体积小、成本低廉、使用方便等优点,越来越受到研究者的关注并被用于有毒有害气体的监测。传感材料是气敏传感器的核心,本文综述了近年来氧化物半导体BTEX气敏传感材料的研究进展,对传感材料的微结构、负载/掺杂改性、气敏性能、气敏机理及存在的问题进行了分析,并探讨了其下一步发展趋势。     

The influence of precursor powders and processing parameters on the properties of SnO2-based gas sensors

Semiconducting tin oxide precursor powders were synthesized via three different chemical processing routes. The influence of powder processing conditions on the physical properties, e.g., particle size, surface area and phase composition of both uncalcined and calcined materials, was investigated. These powders were used to fabricate gas sensors using thick-film screen-printing technology. The effect of precursor powders, sintering conditions, sensor temperature and Pd catalyst on the carbon monoxide, methane, propane and ethanol gas sensing characteristics of the sensors were investigated. Sensors were also fabricated using tin oxide powders obtained from a commercial source and their gas sensing properties were also investigated. The data indicates that the powder processing methodology, sensor fabrication conditions and Pd catalyst can profoundly influence the physical characteristics as well as the gas sensing properties of the sensors.     

Detection of Moisture and Methanol Gas Using a Single Electrospun Tin Oxide Nanofiber

This letter reports the fabrication of a gas sensor based on a single tin oxide nanofiber made from dimethyldineodecanoate tin using electrospinning and metallorganics decomposition techniques. The fabricated sensor has been used to detect moisture and methanol gas. It showed high sensitivity to both gases and the response times of the complete testing system are in the range of 108-150 s for moisture, and 10-38 s for methanol gas, respectively.     

高性能金属氧化物基气敏材料研究及应用

金属氧化物基气敏材料是新型气体传感器的核心组成部分,近年来发展迅速。围绕金属氧化物基气敏材料的作用机理、特征参数、性能强化及工业应用进行了阐述和展望。重点分析了金属掺杂、结构薄膜化以及多元复合技术在强化金属氧化物基气敏材料性能方面的研究。在此基础上,对今后的研究方向和趋势作了展望。     

Gas Sensing Interactions at Hydrogenated Diamond Surfaces

Hydrogenated diamond (HD) samples exhibit a p-type surface conductivity (SC) which is caused by transfer doping to an adsorbed liquid electrolyte layer. We report on gas sensing experiments showing that such samples selectively respond to NO₂ and NH₃ gases at room temperature. Successive substitution of H-terminated surface sites by O-termination ones causes an increase in both the sensor baseline resistance and the gas-induced resistance changes. Thermal desorption of the surface electrolyte layer, on the other hand, causes the sensor baseline resistance to increase and the gas sensing effect to disappear. Readsorption of the surface electrolyte reestablishes both the sensor baseline resistance and the gas sensing effect. Our results indicate that the gas sensing effect is caused by local pH-changes due to acid/base reactions of the adsorbed gas molecules in the surface electrolyte layer. It is argued that this dissociative gas sensing mechanism represents a valuable complement with regard to the established surface combustion mechanism that is operative on heated metal oxide surfaces.     

Ethanol gas sensing properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-doped ZnO thick film resistors

The characterization and ethanol gas sensing properties of pure and doped ZnO thick films were investigated. Thick films of pure zinc oxide were prepared by the screen printing technique. Pure zinc oxide was almost insensitive to ethanol. Thick films of Al₂O₃ (1 wt%) doped ZnO were observed to be highly sensitive to ethanol vapours at 300°C. Aluminium oxide grains dispersed around ZnO grains would result into the barrier height among the grains. Upon exposure of ethanol vapours, the barrier height would decrease greatly leading to drastic increase in conductance. It is reported that the surface misfits, calcination temperature and operating temperature can affect the microstructure and gas sensing performance of the sensor. The efforts are, therefore, made to create surface misfits by doping Al₂O₃ into zinc oxide and to study the sensing performance. The quick response and fast recovery are the main features of this sensor. The effects of microstructure and additive concentration on the gas response, selectivity, response time and recovery time of the sensor in the presence of ethanol vapours were studied and discussed.     

Surfactant assisted solid-state synthesis and gas sensor application of a SWCNT/SnO2 nanocomposite material

Although tin oxide has been the most widely investigated metal oxide material for gas detection, it suffers from the large resistance and high operating temperature. This could be overcome by hybridization with nanostructured carbon. In this work, tin oxide nanoparticles with ultrasmall sizes of 1-3 nm have been uniformly coated onto bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes by a surfactant assisted solid state synthesis approach for the first time. Gas sensor properties of the as-synthesized nanocomposite material toward NO2 (from 5 to 60 ppm) are measured at 150 degrees C. Compared to the pure carbon tubes gas sensors, the nanocomposite gas sensor responds to NO2 in low concentrations with good linearity, high sensitivity, and fast recovery, while working at a relatively low temperature.     

Palladium‐Decorated Silicon Nanomesh Fabricated by Nanosphere Lithography for High Performance,Room Temperature Hydrogen Sensing

A hydrogen (H₂) gas sensor based on a silicon (Si) nanomesh structure decorated with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles is fabricated via polystyrene nanosphere lithography and top‐down fabrication processes. The gas sensor shows dramatically improved H₂ gas sensitivity compared with an Si thin film sensor without nanopatterns. Furthermore, a buffered oxide etchant treatment of the Si nanomesh structure results in an additional performance improvement. The final sensor device shows fast H₂ response and high selectivity to H₂ gas among other gases. The sensing performance is stable and shows repeatable responses in both dry and high humidity ambient environments. The sensor also shows high stability without noticeable performance degradation after one month. This approach allows the facile fabrication of high performance H₂ sensors via a cost‐effective, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatible, and scalable nanopatterning method.