一种新型的无线传感器网络三维定位算法

节点定位在无线传感器网络的应用中起着重要作用,一直备受学术界和工业界的关注.现有的大多数定位算法针对平面应用而设计,而现实应用中的无线传感器网络节点往往分布在三维空间中,研究三维空间定位更加符合实际节点的应用情况.针对目前三维空间定位算法的不足,提出了一种新型的无线传感器网络三维定位算法.该算法无需额外的硬件支持,根据未知节点通信范围内锚节点数目,建立空间向量模型进行定位;并且在估计未知节点坐标时,根据该未知节点通信范围的锚节点对其所在位置进行约束.仿真结果表明,该算法通信开销小,提高了节点定位覆盖率和定位精度.     

一种基于约束策略的无线传感器网络定位算法*

节点定位技术是无线传感器网络的关键支撑技术之一,对于无线传感器网络的基本理论方法和应用研究都具有重要意义。在深入研究分析距离无关定位算法的基础上,提出了基于约束策略的无线传感器网络定位算法。该算法无须测距,采用跳数估计节点间距离,并针对未知节点到锚节点距离计算中的不足,对锚节点的平均每跳距离作了修正;在估计未知节点坐标时,根据该未知节点通信范围内的锚节点对其所在位置进行约束。仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的性能,比已有算法的定位精度有所提高。     

一种基于几何约束的移动无线传感器网络定位算法

在许多无线传感器网络应用中节点定位是至关重要的,现有的节点定位算法大部分都是针对静态传感器网络,移动无线传感器网络的定位研究相对较少。针对定位节点和锚节点移动特性,结合无线传感器网络的特点,提出了一种基于几何约束的非测距定位算法。该算法不需要复杂的计算,也不需要大量的通信,仅仅利用移动锚节点的信息,通过几何约束条件来缩小未知节点所在区域的面积,从而完成定位。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的算法与其它算法相比,能够提高定位精度,有较好的抗干扰性,并且大大减少了能量消耗。     

一种新型的无线传感器网络三维定位机制

节点定位在无线传感器网络的应用中起着重要作用,一直备受学术界和工业界的关注。现有的大多数定位算法针对平面应用而设计,无法满足三维空间应用。针对目前三维空间定位算法的不足,提出了一种新型的无线传感器网络三维定位机制（BTDL）,算法中根据未知节点通信范围内锚节点数目,建立空间向量模型进行定位。仿真结果表明,该算法不仅提高了节点定位精度,并且锚节点通信半径和密度对算法的定位误差影响较小。     

一种单移动锚节点的无线传感器网络定位算法

研究了无线传感器网络的节点定位算法,提出了一种利用一个移动锚节点来实现定位的新算法。该算法利用一个移动锚节点,按照规划好的路径遍历整个网络,当移动锚节点移动到未知节点的通信半径以内,未知节点就可以接收锚节点的位置信息。当未知节点接收到三个以上的处于其通信半径上的位置信息,就可以计算出未知节点的坐标。最后,通过仿真研究了该算法的特性,仿真结果表明该定位方法在定位误差、能耗等方面均表现出良好的性能。     

基于Steffensen迭代和模糊信息的节点定位算法

为了提高无线传感器网络节点定位精度,提出了一种基于Steffensen迭代和模糊信息的节点定位算法.算法在模糊信息定位方法的基础上,通过引入Steffensen迭代求精提高节点定位精度.算法将锚节点分为静态锚节点和移动锚节点,利用移动锚节点不断的运动来辅助静态锚节点进行定位.首先利用节点间的模糊信息实现未知节点位置的粗略定位,然后利用Steffensen迭代对节点位置进行不断迭代求精,以实现未知节点的精确定位.通过仿真实验证明,相比3D-ADAL算法和改进的TOF测距算法,本文算法不仅降低了定位误差率,减小了网络的通信开销,还提高了节点定位效率.     

一种分布式无线传感器网络节点定位新算法

针对无线传感器网络节点自身定位问题，提出一种新的节点定位算法，介绍算法的基本原理和实现方法。算法假设网络中有一定比例的锚节点（位置已知的节点）。通过未知节点和其无线射程范围内的锚节点之阃的通信约束和几何关系，得出该未知节点所处的圆弧区域，将该圆弧区域的质心作为未知节点的估计位置。该算法是一种完全基于网络连通性的无需测距技术的分布式算法，算法设计简单，计算量小。节点间通信开销少。仿真结果显示，该算法适合于各种规模的无线传感器网络的节点定位。     

缩小采样区域的蒙特卡罗移动节点定位算法

针对无线传感器网络中移动节点定位问题,提出一种适用于未知节点移动而信标节点固定的改进蒙特卡罗定位算法,充分利用信标节点与未知节点间的测距误差来缩小采样区域,提高采样效率。仿真结果表明,改进算法在信标节点密度、连通度和节点最大运动速度等不同情况下均能提高定位精度,减少采样次数和计算量,延长网络的生存周期。     

无线传感器加权质心定位算法研究

无线传感器网络的节点自定位的技术主要有基于测距(Range-Based)的定位技术和距离无关(Range-Free)定位技术。该文主要研究了基于测距的无线传感器网络定位算法。在传统质心定位算法中,引入相对RSSI加权定位实现未知节点的位置估计。该方法每个锚节点的权值使用RSSI的相对位置值,每个锚节点的权值可以按线性或指数加权。     

一种新的基于非测距的无线传感器网络三维定位算法

针对无线传感器网络在空间、海洋等三维场景下的应用,提出了一种基于非测距的分布式三维定位算法(DRFP-3D).该算法无需测量节点间的实际距离,只需要锚节点广播它们自身的信标信息,在锚节点一跳通信范围内的未知节点接收并存储监听到的信标信息,并根据这些信息估计自身位置.与现有的基于非测距的三维定位算法相比,该算法的通信开销和定位误差均比较小,且对网络拓扑结构具有一定的鲁棒性.仿真结果表明,在500 m×500 m×50 m的三维空间内,随机放置20个锚节点,ANR=4,就能对97%的节点进行定位,其平均定位误差仅为20%左右.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.