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1.
B. O. Han E. J. Lavernia Z. Lee S. Nutt D. Witkin 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2005,36(4):957-965
Cryomilled 5083 Al alloys blended with volume fractions of 15, 30, and 50 pct unmilled 5083 Al were produced by consolidation
of a mixture of cryomilled 5083 Al and unmilled 5083 Al powders. A bimodal grain size was achieved in the as-extruded alloys
in which nanostructured regions had a grain size of 200 nm and coarse-grained regions had a grain size of 1 μm. Compression
loading in the longitudinal direction resulted in elastic-perfectly plastic deformation behavior. An enhanced tensile elongation
associated with the occurrence of a Lüders band was observed in the bimodal alloys. As the volume fraction of coarse grains
was increased, tensile ductility increased and strength decreased. Enhanced tensile ductility was attributed to the occurrence
of crack bridging as well as delamination between nanostructured and coarse-grained regions during plastic deformation. 相似文献
2.
Nanostructure in an Al-Mg-Sc alloy processed by low-energy ball milling at cryogenic temperature 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F. Zhou S. R. Nutt C. C. Bampton E. J. Lavernia 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2003,34(9):1985-1992
Spray-atomized Al-7.5Mg-0.3Sc (in wt pct) alloy powders were mechanically milled at a low-energy level and at cryogenic temperature
(cryomilling). The low-energy milling effectively generated a nanoscale microstructure of a supersaturated face-centered cubic
(fcc) solid solution with an average grain size of ∼26 nm. The nanoscale microstructure was fully characterized and the associated
formation mechanisms were investigated. Two distinct nanostructures were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
observations. Most frequently, the structure was comprised of randomly oriented equiaxed grains, typically 10 to 30 nm in
diameter. Occasionally, a lamellar structure was observed in which the lamellas were 100 to 200 nm in length and ∼24 nm wide.
The morphology of the mixed nanostructures in the cryomilled samples indicated that high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) formed
by a grain subdivision mechanism, a process similar to which occurs in heavily cold-rolled materials. The microstructural
evidence suggests that the subdivision mechanism observed here governs the development of fine-grain microstructures during
low-energy milling. 相似文献
3.
Effect of initial microstructure on microstructural instability and creep resistance of XD TiAl alloys 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hanliang Zhu K. Maruyama D. Y. Seo P. Au 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(10):3149-3159
A number of lamellar structures were produced in XD TiAl alloys (Ti-45 at. pct and 47 at. pct Al-2 at. pct Nb-2 at. pct Mn+0.8
vol pct TiB2) by selected heat treatments. During creep deformation, microstructural degradation of the lamellar structure was characterized
by coarsening and spheroidization, resulting in the formation of fine globular structures at the grain boundaries. Grain boundary
sliding (GBS) was thought to occur in local grains with a fine grain size, further accelerating the microstructural degradation
and increasing the creep rate. The initial microstructural features had a great effect on microstructural instability and
creep resistance. Large amounts of equiaxed γ grains hastened dynamic recrystallization, and the presence of fine lamellae
increased the susceptibility to deformation-induced spheroidization. However, the coarsening and spheroidization were suppressed
by stabilization treatments, resulting in better creep resistance than the microstructures without these treatments. Furthermore,
well-interlocked grain boundaries with lamellar incursions were effective in restraining the onset of GBS and microstructural
degradation. In the microstructures with smooth grain boundaries, a fine lamellar spacing significantly lowered the minimum
creep rate but rapidly increased the tertiary creep rate for the 45 XD alloy. For the 47 XD alloy, well-interlocked grain
boundaries dramatically improved the creep resistance of nearly and fully lamellar (FL) structures, in spite of the presence
of coarse lamellar spacing or equiaxed γ grains. However, it may not be feasible to produce a microstructure with both a fine
lamellar spacing and well-interlocked grain boundaries. If that is the case, it is suggested that the latter feature is more
beneficial for creep resistance in XD TiAl alloys with relatively fine grains. 相似文献
4.
A. Belyakov Y. Sakai T. Hara Y. Kimura K. Tsuzaki 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2002,33(10):3241-3248
The structural changes in an Fe-0.6 pct O alloy during mechanical milling followed by consolidation through rolling were studied.
The iron-iron oxide powders were mechanically milled in an argon atmosphere for various times from 20 to 300 hours. The powders
were then canned into a steel pipe and multiple rolled at 700 °C for consolidation. The microstructure of the final product
depended significantly on the milling time. The volume fraction of the dispersed oxides (10 nm in diameter) increased from
about 0.3 to 2.5 pct when the milling time was increased from 20 to 300 hours. The relatively short milling time of 20 hours
resulted in the evolution of elongated grains (an average size of about 1.2 μm) with a large fraction of low-angle grain boundaries after consolidation. In contrast, much finer grains (about 0.2 μm in size) with a near random grain-boundary misorientation distribution evolved in the samples milled for 300 hours. 相似文献
5.
Seawoong Lee Seok-Jae Lee S. Santhosh Kumar Kyooyoung Lee B. C. De Cooman 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2011,42(12):3638-3651
Multiphase, ultra-fine-grained transformation-induced plasticity (MP UFG TRIP) steel containing 6 mass pct Mn was obtained
by cold rolling and intercritical annealing of an initially fully martensitic microstructure. UFG microstructures with an
average grain size less than 300 nm were obtained. The amount of austenite in the microstructures, speculated to be formed
by diffusionless transformation, was controlled by changing the intercritical temperature. The tensile properties were strongly
influenced by the volume amount and the stability of the reversely transformed austenite. The MP UFG TRIP steel was characterized
by pronounced localization of the deformation. The deformation band properties were analyzed in detail. 相似文献
6.
David Witkin Bing Q. Han Enrique J. Lavernia 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(1):185-194
Room-temperature mechanical properties of cryomilled Al-7.5 pct Mg and Al 5083 alloys are discussed in the context of a duplex
microstructure, which arises during processing. After consolidation via hot isostatic pressing (“hipping”), coarse-grained regions are formed in former interparticle void volumes, and these regions
become elongated during extrusion. Comparison of tensile and compression testing results on both “as-hipped” and extruded
materials shows that tension-compression asymmetry is the result of these coarse-grained regions and not necessarily a fundamental
property of ultrafine grained Al. The strength of the extruded materials is consistent with the Hall-Petch model of strengthening
by grain size refinement, but the hipped material deviates from this trend, with a lower strength despite finer average grain
size. This can also be attributed to the presence of coarse-grained regions, which substract from the strength in a predictable
manner and also enhance the ability of the cryomilled material to work harden. 相似文献
7.
The effect of hydrogen as a temporary alloying element on the microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William R. Kerr 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1985,16(6):1077-1087
Ti-6Al-4V alloy, to which 0.6 wt pct to 1.0 wt pct (22 to 33 at. pct) hydrogen has been added, can undergo a phase transformation
which produces unique, fine microstructures. Specimens of the alloy were heated to 870°C, transformed at temperatures between
540°C and 700°C, and the microstructures were determined as a function of hydrogen content and transformation temperature.
Microstructures and tensile properties of sheet specimens were determined after such transformation followed by dehydrogenation
at temperatures between 650°C and 760°C. The highest yield strength (1130 MPa) and good ductility (9 pct El) were associated
with a fine equiaxed microstructure obtained in material charged with approximately 1.0 wt pct hydrogen, transformed at 565°C
and dehydrogenated at 675°C. Lower strengths and ductilities were associated with acicular microstructures produced by transformation
at higher temperatures or coarser structures producted at higher dehydrogenation temperatures. 相似文献
8.
Manish Chauhan Indranil Roy Farghalli A. Mohamed 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(9):2715-2725
The ductility and creep of bulk ultra-fine-grained (UFG) 5083 Al (grain size ∼440 nm) processed by gas atomization, cryomilling,
and consolidation were studied in the temperature range 523 to 648 K. Also, the creep microstructure developed in the alloy
was examined by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ductility as a function of strain rate exhibits a maximum
that shifts to higher strain rates with increasing temperature. An analysis of the experimental data indicates that the true
stress exponent is about 2, and the true activation energy is close to that anticipated for boundary diffusion in 5083 Al.
These creep characteristics along with the ductility behavior of 5083 Al are a reflection of its creep behavior as a superplastic
alloy and not as a solid-solution alloy. In addition, the observation of elongations of more than 300 pct at strain rates
higher than 0.1 s−1 is indicative of the occurrence of high-strain-rate (HSR) superplasticity. Microstructural evidence for the occurrence of
HSR superplasticity includes the retention of equiaxed grains after deformation, the observation of features associated with
the occurrence of grain boundary sliding, and the formation of cavity stringers. Grain size stability during the superplastic
deformation of the alloy is attributed to the presence of dispersion particles that are introduced during gas spraying and
cryomilling. These particles also serve as obstacles for dislocation motion, which may account for the threshold stress estimated
from the creep data of the alloy. 相似文献
9.
C. J. Boehlert 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2001,32(8):1977-1988
The tensile behavior of Ti-Al-Nb alloys with Al concentrations between 12 and 26 at. pct and Nb concentrations between 22
and 38 at. pct has been investigated for temperatures between 25 °C and 650 °C. Several microstructural features were evaluated
in an attempt to identify microstructure-property relationships. In particular, the effects of the phase volume fraction,
composition, morphology, and grain size were examined. In addition, the constitutive properties were evaluated using single-phase
microstructures, and the results provided insight into the microstructure-property relationships of the two-phase orthorhombic
(O)+body-centered-cubic (bcc) microstructures. The disordered fully-bcc (β) Ti-12Al-38Nb microstructure, produced through heat treatment above the β-transus, exhibited a room-temperature (RT) elongation of more than 27 pct and the lowest yield strength (YS-553 MPa) of all
the alloys studied. The ordered fully-bcc (B2) microstructures, produced through supertransus heat treatment of near-Ti2AlNb alloys, exhibited fracture strengths up to 672 MPa and low elongations-to-failure (ε
f≤0.6 pct). Thus, increasing the Al content, which favors ordering of the bcc structure, significantly reduces the ductility
of the bcc phase. Similar to the ordered B2 microstructure, the ordered fully-O Ti2AlNb microstructures exhibited intermediate RT strength (≤704 MPa) and ε
f (≤1 pct). The O+bcc microstructures tended to exhibit strengths greater than both the fully-O and fully-bcc microstructures,
and this was attributed to the finer grain sizes in the two-phase microstructures compared to their single-phase counterparts.
A RT of 1125 MPa was measured for the finest-grained two-phase microstructure. The O+bcc microstructures containing greater
bcc-phase volume fractions tended to exhibit greater elongations yet poorer elevated-temperature strengths. A higher Al content
typically resulted in larger elevated-temperature strengths. For the Ti-12Al-38Nb bcc-dominated microstructures, fine O platelets,
which precipitated during aging, provided significant strengthening and a reduction in ε
f for the Ti-12Al-38Nb alloy. However, large RT elongations (ε
f>12 pct) were maintained for aged Ti-12Al-38Nb microstructures, which contained 28 vol pct O phase. Morphology did not appear
to play a dominant role, as fully-lath and fully-equiaxed two-phase microstructures containing the same phase volume fractions
exhibited similar RT tensile properties. The slip and cracking observations provided evidence for the ductile and brittle
characteristics of the single-phase microstructures, and the slip compatibility exhibited between the two phases is an important
part of why O+bcc microstructures achieve attractive strengths and elongations. The YS vs temperature behavior is discussed in light of other Ti-alloy systems. 相似文献
10.
Joon Jeong Yi In Sup Kim Hyung Sup Choi 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1985,16(7):1237-1245
Partial austenitization during the intercritical annealing of an Fe-2.2 pct Si-1.8 pct Mn-0.04 pct C steel has been investigated on four kinds of starting microstructures. It has been found that austenite formation during the annealing can be interpreted in terms of a carbon diffusion-limited growth process. The preferential growth of austenite along the ferrite grain boundaries was explained by the rapid carbon supply from the dissolving carbide particles to the growing fronts of austenite particles along the newly formed austenite grain boundaries on the prior ferrite grain boundaries. The preferential austenitization along the grain boundaries proceeded rapidly, but the austenite growth became slowed down after the ferrite grain boundaries were site-saturated with austenite particles. When the ferrite grain boundaries were site-saturated with austenite particles in a coarse-grained structure, the austenite particles grew by the mode of Widmanstätten side plate rather than by the normal growth mode of planar interface displacement. 相似文献
11.
Premkumar M. K. Lawley A. Koczak M. J. 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1992,23(1):3219-3230
Prealloyed rapidly solidified Al-Fe-Ni alloy powder with dispersoid volume fractions of 0.19, 0.25, and 0.32 FeNiAl9 was produced by air atomization. The powder was degassed, canned, and consolidated to full density by vacuum hot pressing and extrusion or by direct extrusion. Microstructures in the alloy powder and consolidated material were characterized by means of optical, scanning (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and constituent phases identified by X-ray diffraction. The coarsening kinetics of the FeNiAl9 dispersoid were moni- tored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by quantitative metallography. Atomized powders exhibited two scales of microstructures: optically featureless regions and regions with a coarse dispersoid morphology. Within the featureless regions, there are three morphologies, namely, a fine uniform precipitate microstructure, a cellular microstructure, and an eutectic microstructure. The only dispersoid observed in the atomized powders and consolidated material was FeNiAl9). The two scales of microstructure were retained after consolidation, and after hot extrusion, the typical microstructure consisted of a recovered matrix structure with a grain size of 0.2 to 0.3 μm and equiaxed intermetallics of average diameter 0.1 μm. The microstructure was resistant to coarsening up to approximately 370 °C. Coarsening kinetics in this alloy system were consistent with a grain boundary diffusion model (activation energy 146 kJ/mol) and were not appreciably affected by dispersoid volume fraction. 相似文献
12.
The tensile properties of directionally solidified Al-4 wt pct Cu-0.15-0.2 wt pct Ti alloys with equiaxed grains were determined
and compared with the properties of directionally solidified Al-4 wt pct Cu columnar structures. The tensile properties of
the equiaxed structure were isotropic, but varied with the distance from the chill face. The mechanical properties of the
equiaxed structure were generally between those of the longitudinal and transverse columnar structures. The 0.2 pct offset
yield stress(σ
y, MPa) is represented as a function of the grain size,d (mm), the average concentration, Co (wt pct), and the local concentration, C (wt pct), by σy = [(15.7 + 22.6 Co) + (1.24 + 1.04 Co)d
-1/2] + [15.7 △C], where △C = C - Co. The equiaxed structure exhibits inverse segregation similar to that in the columnar structure. 相似文献
13.
Yasuharu Sakuma David K. Matlock George Krauss 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1992,23(4):1221-1232
Steels containing 0.15 pct C and 1.2 pct Si-1.5 pct Mn or 4 pct Ni were intercritically annealed and isothermally transformed
between 300 °C and 500 °C for 1 to 60 minutes. The specimens were subjected to tensile testing at room temperature, and the
microstructures were evaluated by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively),
and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructures consist of dispersed regions of bainite, martensite, and austenite in a matrix
of ferrite, and a maximum of 11.6 pct austenite is retained after isothermal holding at 450 °C in the Si-Mn steel. In specimens
where austenite transforms to martensite during quenching after isothermal holding, the stress-strain curves show continuous
yielding, high ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and relatively low ductility. In specimens where higher volume fractions of
austenite transform to bainite during isothermal holding, the stress-strain curves show discontinuous yielding, low UTS, and
high ductility. 相似文献
14.
M. K. Premkumar A. Lawley M. J. Koczak 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1992,23(12):3219-3230
Prealloyed rapidly solidified Al-Fe-Ni alloy powder with dispersoid volume fractions of 0.19, 0.25, and 0.32 FeNiAl9 was produced by air atomization. The powder was degassed, canned, and consolidated to full density by vacuum hot pressing
and extrusion or by direct extrusion. Microstructures in the alloy powder and consolidated material were characterized by
means of optical, scanning (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and constituent phases identified by X-ray diffraction.
The coarsening kinetics of the FeNiAl9 dispersoid were monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by quantitative metallography. Atomized powders
exhibited two scales of microstructures: optically featureless regions and regions with a coarse dispersoid morphology. Within
the featureless regions, there are three morphologies, namely, a fine uniform precipitate microstructure, a cellular microstructure,
and an eutectic microstructure. The only dispersoid observed in the atomized powders and consolidated material was FeNiAl9. The two scales of microstructure were retained after consolidation, and after hot extrusion, the typical microstructure
consisted of a recovered matrix structure with a grain size of 0.2 to 0.3 μm and equiaxed intermetallics of average diameter
0.1 μm. The microstructure was resistant to coarsening up to approximately 370 °C. Coarsening kinetics in this alloy system
were consistent with a grain boundary diffusion model (activation energy 146 kJ/mol) and were not appreciably affected by
dispersoid volume fraction. 相似文献
15.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of the ultra-fine grained (UFG) Al6063 alloy reinforced with nanometric aluminum
oxide nanoparticles (25 nm) were investigated and compared with the coarse-grained (CG) Al6063 alloy (~2 μm). The UFG materials were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) under high-purity Ar and Ar-5 vol pct O2 atmospheres followed by hot powder extrusion (HPE). The CG alloy was produced by HPE of the gas-atomized Al6063 powder without
applying MA. Electron backscatter diffraction under scanning electron microscopy together with transmission electron microscopy
studies revealed that the microstructure of the milled powders after HPE consisted of ultra-fine grains (>100 nm) surrounded
by nanostructured grains (<100 nm), revealing the formation of a bimodal grain structure. The grain size distribution was
in the range of 20 to 850 nm with an average of 360 and 300 nm for Ar and Ar-5 pct O2 atmospheres, respectively. The amount of oxide particles formed by reactive mechanical alloying under the Ar/O2 atmosphere was ~0.8 vol pct, whereas the particles were almost uniformly distributed throughout the aluminum matrix. The
UFG materials exhibited significant improvement in the hardness and yield strength with an absence of strain hardening behavior
compared with CG material. The fracture surfaces showed a ductile fracture mode for both CG and UFG Al6063, in which the dimple
size was related to the grain structure. A mixture of ductile–brittle fracture mode was observed for the UFG alloy containing
0.8 vol pct Al2O3 particles. The tensile behavior was described based on the formation of nonequilibrium grain boundaries with high internal
stress and dislocation-based models. 相似文献
16.
Hanwu Dong Shiwei Xu Lidong Wang Shigeharu Kamado Limin Wang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2012,43(2):709-715
Mg-8.43Li-0.353Ymm (Y-riched mischmetch) alloy was prepared using the metal model casting method and then hot-rolled at 573 K
(300 °C) to total reduction of 81 pct, and microstructures and mechanical properties were evaluated. Results show that the
rolling procedure introduces great dynamic recrystallization, and β-Li grains in the rolled alloy present an ultra-low average
size of 2.18 μm. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the rolled alloy are 158–167 MPa and 124–130 MPa, respectively,
42–63 pct higher than that of the as-cast alloy. The elongation of the rolled alloy is improved to 31–40 pct, as about four
to five times that of the as-cast alloy, which is ascribed to the great grain refinement of the β-Li phase. 相似文献
17.
Haouaoui M. Karaman I. Harwig K. T. Maier H. J. 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(9):2935-2949
The consolidation of copper micro- and nanoparticles (325 mesh, 130 nm, and 100 nm) was performed using room-temperature equal-channel
angular extrusion (ECAE). The effects of extrusion route, number of passes, and extrusion rate on consolidation performance
were evaluated. The evolution of the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of the consolidates were investigated and
related to the processing route. Possible deformation mechanisms are proposed and compared to those in ECAE-processed bulk
Cu. A combined high ultimate tensile stress (470 MPa) and ductility (∼20 pct tensile fracture strain) with near-elasto-plastic
behavior was observed in consolidated 325-mesh Cu powder. On the other hand, early plastic instability took place, leading
to a continuous softening in flow stress of bulk ECAE-processed copper. Increases in both strength and ductility were evident
with an increasing number of passes in the bulk samples, which appears to be inconsistent with grain-boundary-moderated deformation
mechanisms for a microstructure with an average grain size of 300 to 500 nm. Instead, this increase is attributed to microstructural
refinement and to dynamic recovery and bimodal grain-size distribution. Near-perfect elastoplasticity in consolidated 325-mesh
Cu powder is explained by a combined effect of strain hardening accommodated by large grains in the bimodal structure and
softening caused by recovery mechanisms. Compressive strengths as high as 760 MPa were achieved in consolidated 130-nm copper
powder. Although premature failure occurred during tensile loading in 130-nm consolidated powder, the fracture strength was
still about 730 MPa. The present study shows that ECAE consolidation of nanoparticles opens a new possibility for the study
of mechanical behavior of bulk nanocrystalline (NC) materials, as well as offering a new class of bulk materials for practical
engineering applications. 相似文献
18.
F. Zhou Z. Lee S. R. Nutt E. J. Lavernia 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2005,36(6):1587-1594
The microstructural evolution during annealing of a cryogenically ball-milled Al-7.5Mg-0.3Sc (in wt pct) was examined using
differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The as-milled alloy was a supersaturated fcc
solid solution with an average grain size of ∼25 nm and heterogeneous grain morphologies and size distributions. Calorimetric
measurements at a constant heating rate of 32 K/min indicated two exothermic events in association with recovery from 100
°C to 240 °C and recrystallization from 300 °C to 450 °C. Prior to recrystallization, the precipitation of Al3Sc may occur at low annealing temperatures producing a nonuniform dispersion of approximately spherical particles with diameters
of 4 to 5 nm. Recrystallization gave rise to heterogeneous microstructures with bimodal grain size distributions, which may
result from the heterogeneity of microstructure in the as-milled state. The heterogeneous microstructures of the recrystallized
Al-Mg-Sc alloy were similar to those observed in the recrystallized Sc-free Al-Mg alloy. 相似文献
19.
Xiang Wang Ren-Guo Guan Di Tie Ying-Qiu Shang Hong-Mei Jin Hong-Chao Li 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2018,49(2):490-498
As a new microstructure refining method, accumulative continuous extrusion forming (ACEF) cannot only refine metal matrix but also refine the phases that exist in it. In order to detect the refinements of grain and second phase during the process, Al-1Fe (wt pct) alloy was processed by ACEF, and the microstructural evolution was analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results revealed that the average grain size of Al-1Fe (wt pct) alloy decreased from 13 to 1.2 μm, and blocky Al3Fe phase with an average length of 300 nm was granulated to Al3Fe particle with an average diameter of 200 nm, after one pass of ACEF. Refinement of grain was attributed to continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), and the granulation of Al3Fe phase included the spheroidization resulting from deformation heat and the fragmentation caused by the coupling effects of strain and thermal effect. The spheroidization worked in almost the entire deformation process, while the fragmentation required strain accumulation. However, fragmentation contributed more than spheroidization. Al3Fe particle stimulated the formation of substructure and retarded the migration of recrystallized grain boundary, but the effect of Al3Fe phase on refinement of grain could only be determined by the contrastive investigation of Al-1Fe (wt pct) alloy and pure Al. 相似文献
20.
Chul Kyu Jin Chang Hyun Jang Chung Gil Kang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2014,45(1):193-211
A thin plate (150 × 150 × 1.2 mm) with embedded corrugation is fabricated using the rheoforming method. Semisolid slurry is created using the electromagnetic stirring (EMS) system, and the thin plate is made with the forging die at the 200-ton hydraulic press. The cross sections and microstructures of the slurry with and without stirring are examined. To investigate the effect of the process parameters on the formability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of thin plate the slurry is subjected to 16 types of condition for the forging experiment. The 16 types included the following conditions: Whether the EMS is applied or not, three fractions of the solid phase at 35, 45 and 55 pct; two compression velocities at 30 and 300 mm s?1; and four different compression pressures—100, 150, 200 and 250 MPa. The thin plate’s formability is enhanced at higher punch velocity for compressing the slurry, and fine solid particles are uniformly distributed, which in turn, enhances the plate’s mechanical properties. The pressure between 150 and 200 MPa is an appropriate condition to form thin plates. A thin plate without defects can be created when the slurry at 35 pct of the solid fraction (f s) was applied at the compression velocity of 300 mm s?1 and 150 MPa of pressure. The surface state of thin plate is excellent with 220 MPa of tensile strength and 13.5 pct of elongation. The primary particles are fine over the entire plate, and there are no liquid segregation-related defects. 相似文献