粉末冶金TiAl基合金显微组织及力学性能的研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备多种成分的ＴｉＡｌ基合金,并研究其显微组织及室温、高温力学性能,结果表明,采用粉末冶金方法能制备成分均匀、显微组织细小的Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｂ系列合金。添加合金元素对粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织具有显著影响。粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金的力学性能与其显微组织有密切的关系,显微组织越细小,其室温强度及延性越高,但在高温下,其屈服强度随晶粒尺寸增加而增加。所制备出的Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－３     

γ－TiAl基合金的显微组织与机械性能

简要介绍了γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金性能与其显微组织的关系以及该合金的变形、断裂、韧化机制，由此归纳出了γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金的塑化、初化途经。指出，合金化和显微组织的控制是改善该合金性能的重要方法。文章还探讨了γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金今后的研究工作重点。     

TiAl基合金热处理显微组织缺陷

研究了等温锻造和热处理后ＴｉＡｌ基合金显微组织中晶粒尺寸不均匀参数，讨论了这种缺陷对ＴｉＡｌ基合金室温抗拉笥能的影响，提出了这种显微组织缺陷形成机理。     

Ti3Al＋TiAl片导组织的不连续粗化转变

为细化铸造ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织,将成分为Ｔｉ－４４．９Ａｌ和Ｔｉ－４４．３Ａｌ－３．０Ｃｒ的两种合金在略高于Ｔｉ－Ａｌ共析温度的１１５０℃刊物 保温处理。     

Ti_3Al TiAl片层组织的不连续粗化转变

为细化铸造ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织,将成分为Ｔｉ４４．９Ａｌ和Ｔｉ４４．３Ａｌ３．０Ｃｒ（摩尔分数,％）的两种合金在略高于ＴｉＡｌ共析温度的１１５０℃进行长时保温处理。结果表明,保温一定时间后,两种合金中的Ｔｉ３Ａｌ＋ＴｉＡｌ片层组织都会发生不连续粗化转变,这种转变的结果能在一定程度上细化合金的晶粒尺寸,其中Ｔｉ４４．３Ａｌ３．０Ｃｒ合金的晶粒细化效果更佳。进一步的研究表明,二元Ｔｉ４４．９Ａｌ合金中的片层组织的不连续粗化转变近似符合最大熵增率原理和Ｌｉｖｉｎｇｓｔｏｎ的稳态扩散模型,其转变控制因素为晶界扩散控制;合金元素Ｃｒ的加入,原始片间距的细化及表面预变形都会大大促进这种不连续粗化转变过程。     

TiAl基金属间化合物的显微组织与断裂韧性

通过复合热机械处理新工艺，得到了细小均匀的ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织，并研究了这些显微组织的断裂韧性。结果表明：全层片组织的断裂韧性最高，近层片组织的稍次，双态组织的最低。最后分析了ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织被均匀细化的原因，并讨论了各种显微组织的断裂机制     

超塑性TiAl基合金的显微组织特征

采用金相显微镜,扫描电镜和透射电镜,对超塑性拉伸变形后的Ｔｉ－１１Ａｌ－３Ｃｒ－０．５Ｍｏ（质量分数）合金的显微组织进行了观察和分析。研究发现,ＴｉＡｌ基合金在超塑性变形过程中发生了动态再结晶现象,动态再结晶使晶粒显著细化。透射电镜观察结果表明,γ晶粒内有位错运动,位错运动导致γ晶粒内形成位错墙,位错网。这些显微组织特征与ＴｉＡｌ基合金的超塑性变形机理有着密切的关系。     

添加Sb改善TiAl基合金高温强度

添加Ｓｂ改善ＴｉＡｌ基合金高温强度由于ＴｉＡｌ基合金具有优良的高温性能，因此它很有希望成为１０００℃以上使用的结构材料。日本正在考虑航空—航天飞机工程计划，拟用ＴｉＡｌ基合金做结构材料，这就需要提高ＴｉＡｌ基合金在１１００℃的高温强度，研究发现加入Ｓ...     

PST双相TiAl类单晶中的微孪晶变形

利用透射电子显微镜研究了ＰＳＴ双相ＴｉＡｌ类单晶中的微孪晶变形行为，研究结果表明，孪晶面为（１１１），是由（α／６）Ｓｈｏｃｋｌｅｙ不全位错在（１１１）面上运动产生的，当该位错遇到到互在孪晶关系的两片ＴｉＡｌ界面时，将在另一片ＴｉＡｌ相中诱发出新的微孪晶，其孪晶系统不变，这说明互成孪晶关系的ＴｉＡｌ相界面对微孪晶变形阻碍作用不大，本文讨论了微孪晶变形对材料变形的影响。     

EFFECT OF Cr ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ti_3Al＋TiAl ALLOYS

研究了Ｔｉ－４４．９Ａｌ（ａｔ．－％）和Ｔｉ－４４．３Ａｌ－３Ｃｒ（ａｔ．－％）合金的铸态组织及其在热处理过程中的变化。结果表明：Ｃｒ增加了Ｔｉ－Ａｌ合金中ＴｉＡｌ（γ）相的含量，促使Ｔｉ３Ａｌ（α２）相由片状变成块状；加速了α２＋γ片状组织的不连续粗化过程，形成了尺寸较小的新生α２＋γ晶。因此，加Ｃｒ和１１５０℃长时热处理是细化α２＋γ两相合金铸态粗晶组织的有效途径；Ｃｒ促进有序体心立方β２相的     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.