局部气垫双体船阻力与航态性能试验研究

为验证局部气垫双体船的航行性能,对其阻力特性和航态性能进行试验研究.基于船模试验测量了其在不同排水量和不同重心条件下的阻力值、升沉幅值以及纵倾角度,分析了阻力、航态等特性随进气流量的变化规律.结果表明:当气垫长度傅汝德数小于0.8时,船体阻力随气垫进气流量减小而降低,并且此时的越峰能力较强;当船速增加时,船体阻力随气垫进气流量增加而降低.重心位置适当后移能有效改善船体表面的阻力特性.船型特有的滑行壁面能使其越峰后快速达到滑行状态,保证越峰后的快速性和纵向稳定性.     

散货船配载仪中完整稳性计算方法研究

为提高散货船配载仪中完整稳性计算精度,基于船舶三维设计数据对完整稳性进行了计算.首先通过对三维设计模型切片得到每个肋位处横剖面型值数据;然后对横剖面型值数据进行等距偏移模拟板厚,得到各肋位处的外板数据;再通过水线面与外板数据求交计算该浮态下的船舶参数;最后按照不同完整稳性计算方法计算复原力臂,绘制出不同载况下的船舶复原力臂曲线.以38 300t散货船RUI AN CHENG为例,分别采用固定纵倾法和自由纵倾法对其3个典型载况进行实例计算.结果表明,采用静平衡下的自由纵倾法与NAPA计算结果更为接近,复原力臂平均误差为0.003 7m,最大误差为0.009 4m,验证了基于三维设计数据进行完整稳性计算的准确性及可行性.     

高速排水型艇的初始纵倾对阻力影响的试验研究

根据８条船模在不同初始状态下的试验结果，讨论了初始纵倾对阻力的影响．初始纵倾的选择主要取决于傅汝德数Ｆｒ．只有在较高Ｆｒ时，采用初始纵倾可望得到降阻效果．长度排水体积系数、纵向浮心位置和尾板相对宽度是影响初始纵倾减阻效果的参数．文中归纳不同艇型在初始尾倾为０．５°时的试验资料，给出了用这些参数表示的减阻表达式．     

船舶最佳纵倾及节能

随着船舶节能理念的逐渐深入,纵倾优化的作用机理是研究的热点,目前主要采用数值计算和模型试验相结合的方法来研究船舶纵倾发生变化后,对于湿表面积、水线长度、水线面形状以及总阻力的影响。文中利用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法对KCS船进行不同纵倾角下的阻力预报,得到船舶的最佳纵倾角及其节能效果,同时分析了当船舶纵倾角度发生变化后对船体的水线面形状等的影响。结果表明,对于KCS当其以设计航速临近的速度航行时,其纵倾角度控制在尾倾0.84°左右时,其节能效果最好,约节能4%~6%。     

计及纵倾影响的金枪鱼围网船最优阻力数值研究

针对金枪鱼围网渔船高航速的特点,采用CFD数值模拟方法对某型金枪鱼围网渔船正浮状态下不同航速的阻力进行数值预报确定合理速度;针对该速度分别考虑不同纵倾角度对航行阻力的影响,通过数值计算和对比发现适当纵倾可以明显减少该船型的航行阻力。本文研究结果在该类型船舶设计和运营中减小阻力及降低功耗提供有益参考。     

用微量量热法测定石油微生物的最佳生长酸度

在瑞典产２２７７热活性检测仪上用停流法在５０℃下测定了石油微生物菌种Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ｐ在不同酸度培养基中的生长代谢热谱，按限制性条件下微生物生长代谢模型进行数学处理，求出三种细菌在不同酸度下的生长速率常数，拟合μ－ｐＨ非线性方程，确定各菌种最佳生长酸度的ｐＨ值分别为８．８９，８．２７，８．８２，说明这三种细菌均适于在碱性油藏中使用。     

理论和数值方法预报的船舶姿态改变对螺旋桨非定常轴承力的影响

对船舶两种不同姿态下的螺旋桨非定常轴承力进行预报,并对其谐调分量进行研究.在此基础上,研究船舶姿态改变对螺旋桨非定常轴承力的影响.结果表明:船舶姿态改变(纵倾和吃水增加)时,桨盘面伴流分布的低阶分量的幅值均相应增加,从而使螺旋桨三向轴承力的谐调分量的幅值均有不同程度的增加,其中,横向力幅值的增加明显.此外,研究证明:拟定常方法可以较准确地预报船舶不同姿态下螺旋桨的非定常激振力以及姿态改变造成的螺旋桨激振力的变化;将船和桨分开模拟的方法也可以准确地预报船舶不同姿态下螺旋桨的非定常激振力.     

螺旋桨自身参数对空泡性能的影响分析

为了研究盘面比、纵倾、螺距比与侧斜对于螺旋桨空泡性能的影响，采用粘性计算流体力学方法开展了系列的数值计算分析．采用结构化网格方案，并将桨叶表面以及桨毂表面的网格进行加密．通过把4种湍流模型的计算结果与实验值对比，选择出合理的湍流模型．而后通过调整参数输入，分别改变盘面比、纵倾、侧斜和螺距比，比较螺旋桨表面空泡分布的相应变化，从而得出一些有价值的结论，为螺旋桨理论设计中参数的初步选择提供依据．     

船舶破舱进水速度与时间的计算

在恶劣的航海条件下，船舶的碰撞，搁浅，触礁等恶性事故的发生都将导致船舶的破舱进水，船舶破舱进水后进水量的大小及所需的时间是驾驶员一直关注的问题，为此建立了船舶破舱暖时进水速度的计算模型，通过编程对船舶不同的破口大小及其位置进行实船计算，求出了船舶下沉，纵倾达到新的平衡水浅甚至沉没所需的时间，为驾驶员迅速判断船舶的破舱安全性，并做出正确求船决策提供理论依据。     

三体船升沉和纵倾计算及其对兴波阻力的影响

基于三维Rankine源方法迭代计算三体船静水航行时的兴波阻力、升沉和纵倾.计算过程中采用NURBS曲面表达船体,根据迭代计算得到的升沉和纵倾确定船体平均浸湿表面,并用铺砌法对其进行全四边形网格划分,计算三体船及其中体的兴波阻力、升沉和纵倾.计算结果与试验结果比较表明,所提方法能够较准确地预报三体船静水航行升沉和纵倾,且考虑升沉和纵倾后,三体船兴波阻力数值计算精度有明显改进.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the