油桐叶柄高效直接再生体系的建立

以油桐无菌苗叶柄为外植体,研究植物生长调节剂对其离体培养及植株再生的影响。结果表明:叶柄直接诱导不定芽的最佳培养基1/2MS+3.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.05 mg·L-1 IAA,诱导率达91.67%;最佳继代增殖培养基1/2MS+3.0 mg·L-16-BA+0.05 mg·L-1 IBA+1.0 mg·L-1 GA3,增殖系数可达4.89;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.05 mg·L-1 IBA,生根率96.18%。炼苗移栽到泥炭土:珍珠岩:黄土=2:1:1的基质中,成活率达93.55%以上。     

水杉愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

通过愈伤组织诱导器官发生途径,建立了水杉（Metasequoia glyptostroboides）的植株再生体系,探讨了不同外植体（种胚、幼叶切块、茎段、根段）和植物生长调节剂对不定芽直接再生和愈伤组织诱导器官发生的影响。结果表明：以种胚、无菌苗叶片、茎段和根作为外植体,在MS补加2,4-D、NAA和6-BA不同组合的培养基上都能诱导得到愈伤组织,其中种胚诱导愈伤组织效果最好,诱导率可达100%,茎诱导效果次之,诱导率为97.1%。诱导愈伤组织效果较好的培养基有：MS＋1.0mg·L-12,4-D＋0.5mg·L-16-BA、MS＋0.1mg·L-16-BA＋1.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋0.5mg·L-16-BA＋1.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋1.0mg·L-16-BA＋1.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋0.5mg·L-16-BA＋2.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋1.0mg·L-16-BA＋2.0mg·L-1NAA和MS＋0.5mg·L-12,4-D＋0.5mg·L-1NAA。以愈伤组织在MS培养基上植株再生效果最好,再生率为62.5%。     

小金海棠叶片的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称苹果(砧木)小金海棠(Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et.Jiang). 2材料类别组培苗. 3培养条件以MS为基本培养基.(1)起始和增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1(单位下同) IAA0.5 3%蔗糖 6.5 g·L-1琼脂;(2)生长培养基:MS 6-BA 0.6 NAA 0.2 GA3 0.3 3%蔗糖 7 g·L-1琼脂;(3)再生培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 1.0 TDZ4.0 3%蔗糖 7 g·L-1琼脂;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS IAA 1.0 3%蔗糖 6 g·L-1琼脂.培养基pH调整至5.8,121℃、0.11 MPa灭菌20 min.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照时间14 h·d-1,光强为40μmol·m-2·s-1.     

瑞丽茜树快速繁殖和离体保存(简报)

对极小种群物种瑞丽茜树Fosbergia shweliensis的组织培养和离体保存技术进行研究。结果表明,以种子苗茎尖和成年植株幼嫩茎段为外植体均能诱导无菌苗,适宜的启动培养基分别为MS+2 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.2mg·L-1 NAA+3%蔗糖和MS+3 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+3%蔗糖,增殖率达3~4倍。诱导生根的适宜培养基为1/2MS+1 mg·L-1 IBA+2%蔗糖,生根率100%,移栽成活率90%以上。完整试管苗在培养基1/2MS+3%蔗糖,12~15℃条件下可缓慢生长,继代时间可延长为18~24个月一次,实现了该物种的离体保存。     

大薯类原球茎的离体诱导及再生体系的建立

采用正交试验设计方法,以大薯带节茎段为外植体,离体诱导类原球茎并建立大薯类原球茎的再生体系,以解决愈伤组织分化成苗和试管苗移栽成活率低的难题。结果表明：以带节茎段为外植体诱导类原球茎的最适培养基为MS（含3×Ca2＋）＋1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA＋0.2 mg·L-1 NAA＋0.1%PVP＋3%蔗糖,诱导率高达93.33%;类原球茎增殖的最适培养基为MS＋4mg·L-1 6-BA＋80 mg·L-1 Ad＋0.1%PVP＋3%蔗糖;类原球茎生根的最适培养基：1/2MS＋0.10 mg·L-1 NAA＋0.1%PVP＋3%蔗糖。将诱导得到的生根类原球茎植株进行炼苗,移栽基质珍珠岩：蛭石=2：1,移栽成活率可达到95%。     

马来沉香组织培养技术研究

以马来沉香茎段为外植体,分别对外植体的消毒、启动培养、增殖培养、壮苗培养、生根培养、炼苗移栽环节进行研究,着重探索马来沉香组织培养技术各个环节的最佳培养基配方,为马来沉香的工厂化育苗提供技术指导。结果表明:马来沉香最佳消毒方法是用0.1%升汞消毒4～5min;启动率最高的培养基配方是1/2MS+6-BA 0.2mg·L-1+NAA 0.1mg·L-1+蔗糖30g·L-1+琼脂5.8g·L-1,启动率达70.5%;增殖系数最高的培养基是1/2MS+0.1mg·L-16-BA+25g·L-1蔗糖+5.8g·L-1琼脂,增殖系数达2.9;最佳壮苗培养基是1/2MS+30g·L-1蔗糖+5.8g·L-1琼脂;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 5.0mg·L-1+20g·L-1糖+6g·L-1琼脂,培养2d后移入1/2MS培养基继续培养,生根率为83%;马来沉香移栽较难成活,在泥炭土∶黄泥土(2∶1)的基质上成活率最高,移栽成活率65%。     

太子参快繁技术的优化及同源四倍体的诱导与鉴定

以太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(M iq.)Pax〕二倍体组培苗为实验材料,运用正交实验设计和组织培养方法,对太子参试管苗快速繁殖技术进行优化,并进行了同源四倍体的诱导与鉴定。结果表明,太子参最佳的繁殖培养基为含1.0 mg.L-16-BA和0.2 mg.L-1NAA的MS培养基;最佳生根培养基为含0.1 mg.L-1IAA、0.2mg.L-1NAA和1.0 mg.L-1ABT或0.2 mg.L-1IAA、0.2 mg.L-1NAA和1.0 mg.L-1ABT的1/2MS培养基。诱导同源四倍体的最佳处理方法为:用0.2%秋水仙素处理22 h或用0.3%秋水仙素处理12 h,所诱导的同源泉四倍体染色体数目为2n=4x=64条。     

枇杷叶荚蒾的愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以枇杷叶荚蒾幼叶为外植体,MS为基本培养基,研究不同种类和浓度的植物生长调节物质对愈伤组织诱导、分化及生根的影响,建立了枇杷叶荚蒾再生体系。结果表明:枇杷叶荚蒾最佳灭菌组合为75%酒精预处理20s,再用0.1%HgC12浸泡12min;最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.25mg·L-1+2,4-D1.0mg·L-1,诱导率最高达92%;最适芽分化培养基为MS+6-BA1.5mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1,分化率达87.25%;适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA1.0mg·L-1,生根率达85%。     

宽叶弹簧草的组织培养与快速繁殖

以宽叶弹簧草Ornithogalum concodianum休眠期的鳞茎为材料,进行离体再生体系研究。结果表明,培养基MS(KH2PO4 加倍)+6-BA 4.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1适宜鳞茎诱导,诱导率达54.2%;对鳞茎增殖的主要影响因素为6-BA,培养基2/3MS(KH2PO4 加倍)+6-BA 4.0 mg·L-1+NAA 1.0 mg·L-1+蔗糖2%适宜鳞茎增殖,增殖系数为4.0;培养基1/2MS(大量元素减半,其他成分不变)+IBA 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 1.0 mg·L-1+活性炭1.0 g·L-1生根效果较好;适宜的栽培基质为草炭∶园土∶火山岩(体积比)＝5∶1∶1,成活率可达89.6%。     

乌桕不同外植体高效再生探索

以乌桕的成熟胚、胚乳、叶片和茎段为外植体,建立高效、稳定的组培快繁再生体系,并成功获得其再生苗.结果表明:(1)全胚乳带胚的愈伤组织诱导率达90%,其愈伤组织继续在MS+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA培养基上培养,不定芽最多达15个/外植体.(2)去胚乳的胚不加调节剂则胚直接萌动成苗,萌动率和成苗率可达100%;去胚乳的胚在MS+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA+0.3 mg·L-1 6-BA最佳培养基中培养,其胚轴处可直接诱导不定芽,最多达6个/外植体.(3)无菌苗叶片在MS+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA+0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA培养基中诱导的有效不定芽数最高达18个/外植体,诱导率达90%.(4)茎段在MS+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA+0.1~0.3 mg·L-1 6-BA培养基上不定芽的诱导率较高(100%),直接诱导的不定芽数最多达17个/外植体.(5)芽苗在1/2MS+0.5 mg·L-1 IBA上生根率达到100%,但根系较细弱,而在MS+1.0 mg·L-1镧稀土中的生根率达100%,且根系粗壮;生根的小苗练苗移栽后温室内成活率为89.2%,移栽到室外沙质土壤中的成活率为68.9%.     

An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for Tagetes minuta

Tagetes minuta is a source of secondary products which are used as pharmaceuticals, pesticides and as flavour components in the food industry. Cotyledons and hypocotyls of T. minuta were cultured on MS medium with combinations of IAA or NAA and BA. Hypocotyl-derived callus developed adventitious shoots which failed to develop further. Cotyledon-derived callus, cultured on medium with IAA, regenerated adventitious shoots which developed into plantlets on MS medium or half-strength MS with 2.85 μM IAA. Cotyledons cultured on medium with 5.71 μM IAA + 44.4 μM BA and transferred to MS medium for shoot growth yielded the highest number of shoots. Nodal segments from developing shoots were micropropagated on half-strength MS medium with 2.58 μM IAA and 95% of plantlets produced adapted successfully to greenhouse conditions. In vitro plants micropropagated from nodes had many shoots whereas plants regenerated from shoot tips had only a single main stem. This difference in morphology was retained after two months growth in a greenhouse. There were no significant differences in leaf and shoot fresh and dry weights among the regenerated plants after two months growth. After six subcultures of cotyledon-derived callus on medium with IAA and BA all explants lost their ability to regenerate except those cultured on medium with 17.23 μM IAA and 44.4 μM BA. The methods of regeneration developed will facilitate selection of T. minuta plants more tolerant of environmental stress, their micropropagation, and the in vitro production of secondary products. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Shoot Organogenesis from Immature Zygotic Embryo Cultures of Ginkgo biloba

Immature zygotic embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA) and zeatin or with various concentrations of 2,4-D alone. The maximum number (8 per embryo) of adventitious buds formed from cotyledons of heart stage embryos cultured on MS medium with 1 mg dm⁻³ BA and 0.01 mg dm⁻³ NAA. The adventitious buds originated from procambial strands of immature embryo cotyledons and then developed into adventitious bud primordia within 20 d. Adventitious buds transferred to hormone free MS medium grew into shoots, but did not produce plantlets because the shoots failed to root. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

紫穗槐的离体快速繁殖

以子叶节为外植体,建立起了紫穗槐的快速离体再生系统.经过四周的培养,在附加8mg·L-16-BA的MS培养基上能够获得再生频率为100%,平均每个外植体5.21个芽点的高效再生植株.以再生植株的茎节为外植体所进行的继代能够在相同的培养基上连续的产生新的不定芽,但芽点数要少于起始培养.经过3周的培养,有82.53%切下的再生茎段能够在含2.0mg·L-1IAA的MS培养基上生根.在所有进行分析过的再生植株中,它们的染色体数目都没有发生变异(2n=40).经过练苗以后,再生植株成功地定植于土壤当中并展示了一致的外部形态和生长特性.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> bud regeneration of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carthamus tinctorius</Emphasis> and wild <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carthamus</Emphasis> species from leaf explants and axillary buds

The organogenic competence of leaf explants of eleven Carthamus species including C. tinctorius on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) + α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) + NAA was investigated. Highly prolific adventitious shoot regeneration was observed in C. tinctorius and C. arborescens on both growth regulator combinations and the shoot regeneration frequency was higher on medium supplemented with TDZ + NAA. Nodal culture of nine Carthamus species on media supplemented with BA and kinetin (KIN) individually revealed the superiority of media supplemented with BA over that of KIN in facilitating a higher shoot proliferation index. Proliferating shoots from axillary buds and leaf explants were transferred to medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm⁻³ KIN or 0.5 mg dm⁻³ BA for shoot elongation. Elongated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm⁻³ each of indole-butyric acid (IBA) and phloroglucinol. The plantlets thus obtained were hardened and transferred to soil.     

提高西瓜离体培养植株再生效率的研究

本文以“京欣1号”母本和“伊选”西瓜4天苗龄子叶为外植体,研究离体培养植株高频率再生体系。结果表明：“伊选”子叶远轴端外植体的再生频率仅为10％,子叶近轴端外植体在5mg／LBA 0．1mg／L IAA的激素组合下植株再生频率为100％,平均每个外植体的丛生芽数在所有组合中最多,为10.3个;“京欣1号”母本子叶近轴端外植体在2mg／LBA 0．5mg／L IAA激素组合下植株再生频率为100％,平均每个外植体的丛生芽数在所有组合中最多,达6．9个。本试验条件下,子叶近轴端外植体接种4天即分化出不定芽,至再生苗的移栽仅需40天,在MS 0．1mg／L NAA的生根培养基上的生根率为97．3％,移栽成活率达98．5％。     

Direct somatic embryogenesis in a selected tea clone, `TRI-2025' (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) from nodal explants

An efficient method for the in vitro propagation of a tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) clone, `TRI-2025', from somatic embryos is described. This technique involves two phases; the induction of adventitious buds from nodal cuttings followed by the development of somatic embryos. Single nodal cuttings were excised from 1-year-old in vitro axenic cultures and inoculated on MS medium with different combinations of IBA/BAP/GA₃. Induction of multiple shoots from nodal explants occurred on MS medium with 0.5 mg l^–1 BAP, 0.1 mg l^–1 IBA and 0.0 mg l^–1 GA₃ within 6 weeks of incubation. The cultures with multiple shoots were transferred to fresh medium, incubated for 120 days and transferred to MS medium with half-strength macro nutrients, full-strength micronutrients and vitamins and no growth regulator. The direct induction of somatic embryos without callus formation occurred on this medium at 60% frequency within 4 weeks. The production of embryos continued upon transfer of the cultures to fresh medium and a four- to eightfold multiplication rate was obtained during each 6-week culture cycle. The plantlets from these embryos were acclimatised with a 90% success rate. All plants were vigorous and hardy, with well-developed tap-root systems. Received: 20 July 1996 / Revision received: 2 January 1998 / Accepted: 19 January 1998     

沙田柚茎尖嫁接苗离体培养的研究

对沙田柚茎尖嫁接苗的离体培养进行了研究,结果表明:顶芽在MS 0.5mg/L6-BA上生长较好,成活率为100%,单个外植体平均不定芽数为2.2,但不定芽生长极慢,成苗困难.加入0.2～0.5mg/LIBA,顶芽生长加快,但单个外植体平均不定芽数下降.带有1cm长枳壳砧木的茎尖在MS 0.5mg/L6-BA上可以形成丛芽,单个外植体平均不定芽数为4.5,而且不定芽生长迅速.虽然我们未能诱导外植体不定根发生,但通过试管嫁接可以获得完整植株.     

李砧木Marianna离体叶片再生体系优化研究

以李砧木‘Marianna’试管苗新梢顶端第1片叶为外植体,研究激素组合、基本培养基种类及外植体类型等对不定芽再生的影响。结果表明:1/2 MS基本培养基和WPM培养基再生率显著高于MS和SH培养基;叶片附带叶柄的外植体再生率和再生不定芽数显著高于叶柄和切除叶柄的叶片外植体;最佳再生培养基为1/2MS+2.0mg/L TDZ+0.1 mg/L IBA+0.25%琼脂+3.0%蔗糖,最高再生率和再生不定芽数分别为81.7%和7.46±1.38个;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.5~1.0 mg/L IBA,能获得96.7%生根率、较高的生根数和根长。     

雨堡组织培养的研究

取雨堡当年生的枝条上饱满的未萌发的侧芽为外植体,培养于ＭＳ培养基上,其中附加各种不同种类及浓度的激素。在附加６—ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上,诱导芽的效果最好;在附加６—ＢＡ１．０＋ＮＡＡ０．０５＋ＺＴ０．１ｍｇ／ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上,芽的增殖效果最佳;在附加ＫＴ０．３＋ＮＡＡ０．０５＋ＺＴ０．１ｍｇ／ｌ或６—ＢＡ０．３＋ＮＡＡ０．０５＋ＺＴ０．１ｍｇ／ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上,最有利于壮苗;在１／２ＭＳ培养基中,附加ＩＢＡ０．５＋ＮＡＡ０．３ｍｌ／ｌ或ＩＡＡ０．５＋ＮＡＡ０．３ｍｇ／ｌ的培养基中,生根效果最佳。试管苗高２—３ｃｍ,且具有４—８条短根时,开瓶煅炼３—５天,移入培养土中生长的效果好,种植在保温保湿环境中,试管苗成活率高。     

In vitro adventitious shoot formation from leaf cultures of Clerodendrum inerme (L) Gaertn.

In vitro adventitious shoots (about 28) of Clerodendrum inerme were regenerated from leaf segments on MS medium containing BA (4 mg/L). These shoots developed directly from the leaf explants without callusing after 5 weeks. Leaf explant when cultured in MS medium containing BA (2 mg/L) and NAA (0.5 mg/L) developed compact callus that became nodular and regenerated shoots (about 50) after 5 weeks. The in vitro developed shoots were rooted in MS medium supplemented with IAA (2 mg/L). The hardened plantlets were successfully established in the field with 90% survival.