发酵类制药废水处理工程的设计与调试

某企业产生的发酵类制药废水中悬浮物、有机物、氮、磷浓度高,水质波动大,采用初沉调节池/混凝沉淀池/水解酸化池/MSBR/悬浮生物滤池/加药气浮池组合工艺处理,在进水COD平均为11 932 mg/L、水解酸化后NH<,3>-N平均为162.5 mg/L的情况下,出水COD平均为261 mg/L(去除率达97.8%)、NH<,3>-N平均为1.5 mg/L(去除率达99.1%),其余指标也均达到入管排放标准.     

低温优选模式下CAST工艺DO和MLSS的优化

根据万盛污水处理厂在冬季低温下运行时出水NH<,3>-N和TN浓度超标现象较为严重的情况,为了强化CAST工艺的脱氮效果,在已确定的优选C运行模式即进水2 h-曝气2.5 h(进水1.5 h后开始曝气)-沉淀1 h-滗水/待机1 h的基础上,分别进行了DO和MLSS两个运行参数优化的研究.在基本运行参数保持不变的情况下,通过分析不同DO和MLSS值时的除污效果,确定了低温期的DO最佳控制阈值为2.0～3.0 mg/L,MLSS最佳控制阈值为5 000～6 000 mg/L.优化运行参数后,系统对COD、NH<,3>-N、TN的平均去除率分别为91.2%、83.2%和69.4%,脱氮性能得到明显提升.     

BAF组合工艺处理码头仓储企业化学品废水

港口码头仓储企业化学品废水中有机物种类繁多,有一定的毒性且污染物浓度较高,水质、水量波动性较大。采用生物流化床/厌氧沉淀池/臭氧上流式曝气生物滤池/下流式曝气生物滤池组合工艺进行处理,当进水COD为1000mg/L左右时,出水COD50mg/L,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)的一级标准,可作为生活杂用水。实践证明,该工艺运行稳定可靠,污泥产量少,可操作性强,具有良好的经济效益与环境效益。     

A~2/O—BAF工艺对生活污水的脱氮除磷效能研究

为解决包头市某生活污水厂出水氨氮浓度偏高的问题,采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧池加曝气生物滤池组合工艺处理该生活污水,考察系统稳定运行后对COD、TN、NH+4-N、TP的去除规律以及温度对除污效果的影响。结果表明,A~2/O—BAF组合工艺对该城市生活污水具有良好的脱氮除磷效果,对COD、NH+4-N、TN、TP的去除率分别达到92.67%、94.62%、83.12%和92.55%,最终出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准。温度降低会对组合系统的运行效果产生不利影响,尤其是对TN和NH+4-N的去除效果影响较大,对COD、TP的去除则影响较小。     

前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺处理校园生活污水

介绍了前置反硝化曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺处理校园生活污水的工程实例.运行结果表明,该工艺对COD的去除率可达83.6%～90.6%,对NH_3-N的去除率可达96.7%～97.8%,对TN、TP的去除率分别为63.8%～73.3%、73.9%～74.0%,具有良好的脱氮除磷效果,出水水质达到了<生活杂用水水质标准>(CJ/T 48-1999)和<城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质>(GB/T 18920-2002)标准.     

CEPT-AF/BAF脱氮除磷工艺用于污水厂提质改造

针对陕西咸阳西郊污水厂的现状和出水水质要求,设计了化学强化-缺氧生物滤池/好氧生物滤池联合工艺,并引进高效的滤布滤池对其进行处理,介绍了主要工艺单元及其设计参数。运行结果表明,该工艺能有效地处理该厂生活污水,当进水COD360 mg/L、TN浓度40mg/L、TP浓度4 mg/L时,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准。     

港口液体化学品废水处理工程实例

液体化学品废水有毒有害物质多,水质波动大.采用隔油气浮/曝气生物滤池蠕动床/臭氧氧化/曝气生物滤池固定床组合工艺进行处理,COD由进水的1 200 mg/L左右降到100 mg/L以下,SS由进水的600 mg/L左右降到30 mg/L以下,出水水质达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的一级标准,可回用作生活杂用水.实际运行结果表明,该组合工艺有效、稳定,污泥产量少,可操作性强,有很好的环境效益和经济效益.     

臭氧/活性炭工艺深度处理微污染水源水的中试

以邯郸市滏阳河水为原水,进行臭氧/活性炭工艺深度处理微污染水源水的中试研究.中试采用混凝沉淀/Zeo-carbon生物滤池/臭氧/活性炭工艺,综合考察臭氧/活性炭对浊度、COD<,Mn、UV<,254>、NH<,4><'+>-N等指标的去除效果.结果表明,在该深度处理工艺中,臭氧的最佳投加量为2.0 mg/L,活性炭滤池的最佳滤速为6.0 m/h.在最佳运行工况下,出水浊度、COD、NH<,4><'+>-N、UV<,254>的平均值分别为0.85 NTU、2.43 mg/L、0.33 mg/L和0.031 cm<'-1>,平均去除率分别为62.4%、53.5%、73.0%和59.4%,出水水质满足<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB 5749-2006)的要求.     

间歇曝气折流BAF处理小城镇生活污水的效能研究

在间歇曝气运行方式下对折流曝气生物滤池(BBAF)处理小城镇生活污水的效能进行了研究,考察了曝气/停曝时间对处理效果的影响.结果表明,在气水比为8:1、曝气/停曝时间分别为1.5 h/1 h和1.25 h/1.25 h的条件下,当进水COD为53～275 mg/L、TN为16.83～47.68 mg/L、TP为1.58～3.75 mg/L时,出水水质均能满足<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918--2002)的一级B标准.曝气/停曝时间为1.25 h/1.25 h相对节能,可作为今后运行的主要工况.     

机械蒸汽再压缩技术处理反渗透浓水的中试研究

近年来,反渗透(RO)在污水厂二级出水深度处理中的应用越来越多.然而,RO浓水的含盐量较高、有机物难于降解,采用常规方法处理时出水水质难于达到排放标准.采用机械蒸汽再压缩技术(MVR)对某污水厂的反渗透浓水进行了6倍浓缩的中试,其出水COD≤50 mg/L、NH<,3>-N≤10 mg/L,可以达到<城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质>(GB/T 18920-2002)的要求;COD、TDS、Mg<'2+>和色度等指标的浓缩倍数与体系的浓缩倍数基本一致,而浓缩水中的TP、SiO<,2>、TN、NH<,3>-N浓度却低于原水的,这主要是由于磷酸盐、硅酸盐的沉淀和氨气逸出所致.另外,钙盐等的沉淀作用还造成浓缩水中SS浓度的增加.由此可见,利用MVR处理反渗透浓水在技术上是可行的,但是需要增加沉淀物的预处理和排出气体的收集处理装置.     

Effect of backwashing on perchlorate removal in fixed bed biofilm reactors

The influence of backwashing on biological perchlorate reduction was evaluated in two laboratory scale fixed bed biofilm reactors using 1- or 3-mm glass beads as support media. Influent perchlorate concentrations were 50 microg/L and acetate was added as the electron donor at a concentration of 2 mg C/L. Perchlorate removal was evaluated at various influent dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Complete perchlorate removal was achieved with an influent DO concentration of 1mg/L resulting in bulk phase DO concentrations below the detection limit of 0.01 mg/L. The influence of increasing influent DO concentrations for 12 h periods was evaluated before and after individual backwash events. Partial perchlorate removal was achieved with an influent DO concentration of 3.5 mg/L before a strong backwash (bulk phase DO concentrations of approximately 0.2mg/L), while no perchlorate removal was observed after the strong backwash at the same influent DO level (bulk phase DO concentrations of approximately 0.8 mg/L). The immediate effect of backwashing depended on influent DO concentrations. With influent DO concentrations of 1 mg/L, strong backwashing resulted in a brief (<12 h) increase of effluent perchlorate concentrations up to 20 microg/L; more pronounced effects were observed with influent DO concentrations of 3mg/L. Daily weak backwashing had a small and, over time, decreasing negative influence on perchlorate reduction, while daily strong backwashing ultimately resulted in the breakdown of perchlorate removal with influent DO concentrations of 3 mg/L.     

进水COD浓度及C/N值对脱氮效果的影响

进水COD浓度及C/N值是影响系统反硝化效果的两个重要参数,为此研究了不同进水COD浓度在不同C/N值条件下的脱氮效果。结果表明:进水COD为150mg/L和200mg/L左右时,脱氮率随C/N值的增加而增加,而进水COD为100mg/L左右时,系统的脱氮率随时间增加而降低;进水COD浓度<200mg/L时,反应条件相同、C/N值相同而进水COD浓度不同,系统的脱氮率也不相同,进水COD浓度高,则脱氮率也高;当进水有机碳源浓度较低时,需要以进水COD浓度及C/N值共同来表示系统的脱氮能力。     

环境事故对污水处理厂运行的影响及对策

以松花江水体污染造成的哈尔滨全市停水为背景，研究了水量锐减对哈尔滨太平污水厂运行造成的影响和实施应急措施后的效果。结果表明：进水量减少对污水厂产生了进水负荷冲击、营养缺乏和水温下降等不利影响；采取生物强化措施后有效抑制了污泥恶化，化解了水量减少期间和恢复供水后的负荷冲击，在进水COD、NH3-N和SS浓度分别为472、130．9和200mg／L的条件下，出水相应浓度分别为44、7和23．5mg／L，实现了进水量减少期间污水厂运行的平稳过渡。     

Chemisorption of oxygen onto activated carbon can enhance the stability of biological perchlorate reduction in fixed bed biofilm reactors

Fixed bed biofilm reactors with granular activated carbon (GAC) or glass beads as support media were used to evaluate the influence of short-term (12h) and long-term (23 days) increases of influent dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations on biological perchlorate removal. The goal was to evaluate the extent by which chemisorption of oxygen to GAC can enhance the stability of biological perchlorate reduction. Baseline influent concentrations were 50 microg/L of perchlorate, 2 mg/L of acetate as C, and 1mg/L of DO. Perchlorate removal in the glass bead reactor seized immediately after increasing influent DO concentrations from 1 to 4 mg/L since glass beads have no sorptive capacity. In the biologically active carbon (BAC) reactor, chemisorption of oxygen to GAC removed a substantial fraction of the influent DO, and perchlorate removal was maintained during short-term increases of influent DO levels up to 8 mg/L. During long-term exposure to influent DO concentrations of 8.5mg/L, effluent perchlorate and DO concentrations increased slowly. Subsequent exposure of the BAC reactor bed to low DO concentrations partially regenerated the capacity for oxygen chemisorption. Microbial analyses indicated similar microbial communities in both reactors, which confirmed that the differences in reactor performance during dynamic loading conditions could be attributed to the sorptive properties of GAC. Using a sorptive biofilm support medium can enhance biological perchlorate removal under dynamic loading conditions.     

ORP-based oxygenation for sulfide control in anaerobic treatment of high-sulfate wastewater

A series of chemostat studies were conducted at a constant influent total organic carbon of 3750 mg/L (equivalent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 10,000 mg/L) but at different influent sulfates of 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/L in order to investigate the feasibility of online sulfide toxicity control through periodic oxygenation to the recycled biogas stream. The oxygen dosing for sulfide oxidation was regulated by using oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) as a controlling parameter. During oxygenation at elevated ORPs of -230 and -180 mV (50 and 100 mV above natural ORP of -280 mV, respectively), the dissolved and gaseous sulfides were completely eliminated which resulted in a concomitant improvement in methane yield by 56.3% at 5000 mg/L influent sulfate. However, at influent sulfates of 1000 and 3000 mg/L, both methane generation rate and sulfate removal efficiency were dropped appreciably at elevated ORPs. Facultative heterotrophs were found to consume as high as 66.3% of the influent COD during oxygenation. For effective sulfide oxidation at lower sulfate levels, it was no longer required to raise the ORP by as much as 50 or 100 mV. The actual needed ORP increase depended on the influent sulfate. This study had proven that the ORP-controlled oxygenation was reliable for achieving consistent online sulfide control during anaerobic treatment of high-sulfate wastewater.     

臭氧—固定化生物活性炭工艺深度处理饮用水

考察了以臭氧-固定化生物活性炭(O3-IBAC)工艺为核心的SY-1直饮水系统对微污染饮用水的净化效能.结果表明,在进水CODMn、DOC和浊度分别为3.0-5.8mg/L、3.54～6.35 mg/L和1.10-4.70NTU时,出水CODMn、DOC和浊度基本保持在1.5mg/L、1.3 mg/L和0.5 NTU以下;进水中检出38种有机物,而出水中仅检出15种.     

阴离子交换膜生物反应器反硝化性能的研究

考察了进水硝酸盐浓度对阴离子交换膜生物反应器反硝化性能的影响。试验结果表明,当进水NO3-为47.01～168.55mg/L时,流动池出水中的NO3-N浓度满足我国生活饮用水水质标准中小于10mg/L的要求(NO3-≤44.29mg/L)。厌氧生物反应器对硝酸盐具有较高的反硝化性能。流动池出水中的Cl-浓度随着进水NO3-浓度的增加而升高,但出水pH值稳定在6.8左右。出水总有机碳浓度与进水的保持一致,表明其未受到"二次污染"和"微生物污染"。     

硅藻精土用于线路板厂废水处理

采用硅藻精土对某线路板厂生产废水进行处理，运行结果表明，系统出水水质稳定，在进水COD和铜离子浓度平均值分别为440mg／L和22．39mg／L时，处理出水COD为26mg／L，铜离子为0．43mg／L，均达到相关排放标准，同时对进水中浓度较低的镍和锌的去除率也达到97％以上。该工艺的运行成本为1．03元/m^3.     

亚铁盐化学除磷在昆山港东污水处理厂的应用

江苏昆山港东污水处理厂的Carrousel2000型氧化沟工艺按A^2／O方式运行,当原水TP为6．2mg／L、BOD5／TP为11左右时,很难使出水TP≤0．5mg／L。在对上游排污企业采取限排措施后,原水TP降为2．65mg／L,但出水TP仍无法达标,为此开展了向曝气池投加亚铁盐进行化学除磷的生产性试验。结果表明,当FeSO4投药量控制在凡（Fe^2＋）：n（TP）≥1．5时,可使出水TP达标。     

BAF深度处理二沉池出水的抗冲击能力研究

采用BAF深度处理污水厂二沉池出水,考察了水力负荷和污染负荷冲击对其处理效果的影响。结果表明,BAF对水力负荷冲击有一定的耐受能力,当气水比为2∶1、滤速为2m/h时,对COD和氨氮的去除效果较好,平均去除率分别达到39.59%、81.99%,平均出水浓度分别为16.9、0.3mg/L。同时BAF具有较强的抗污染负荷冲击能力,当进水COD为21.06～55.13mg/L时,出水COD稳定在15mg/L左右,平均去除率在30%以上;当进水氨氮在0.17～5mg/L之间波动时,出水氨氮基本保持在0.3mg/L以下。这表明BAF作为深度处理工艺,具有很好的抗冲击能力,能够保证出水水质的稳定性。