国外生物柴油产业与应用状况

在查阅大量国外有关文献资料的基础上，简要、全面地介绍了国外生物柴油产业与应用状况。重点介绍了德国和美国等国家的生物柴油产业发展情况，主要涉及生物柴油的生产、应用与销售、原料生产与供应、国家计划与政策等方面。对我国发展生物柴油产业具有重要的借鉴和参考价值。     

发展前景广阔的生物柴油产业

介绍了生物柴油的性能，欧美发达国家生产柴油产业的发展历程和现状和技术进展，以及我国发展生物柴油的理由和前景。     

酯交换法制备生物柴油及其在我国的实践

生物柴油是一种对环境友好的可再生燃料，以其是好的环境效应受到越来越多的关注。综述并比较了生物柴油的各种化学制备方法，介绍了该产业的国内外生产应用情况，指出了生物柴油的优势，分析了生物柴油在生产厦使用过程中存在的一些问题并对生物柴油的未来研究与发展作了展望。     

中国生物柴油产业发展战略思考

分析了我国生物柴油产业在废弃油脂收集处理、植物原料开发、生物柴油合成技术、生物柴油车辆实验等方面的技术进步;提出利用野生树木种子和隔油池垃圾为主的废弃油脂生产生物柴油两条工艺路线是中国生物柴油发展的方向,这两条工艺路线将主导未来世界生物柴油产业,从而极大促进世界生物柴油产业的发展,生物柴油产量将会大幅度增加。     

生物柴油——绿色能源

介绍生物柴油的概念与特点,发展生物柴油的意义,生物柴油的生产原料与生产技术,生物柴油发展现状与前景展望,以及上海市生物柴油研究与应用现状,并提出了发展生物柴油产业急需解决的问题。     

生物柴油的研究与应用

综述了国内外生物柴油技术的研究，应用及产业发展概况。分别论述了化学酯交换和生物酶法制备生物柴油的工艺，以及每种工艺的优缺点。分析了生物柴油产业对我国石油安全、农业产业结构调整的贡献。展望了我国发展生物柴油的前景。     

发展生物柴油意义重大

中国工程院院长徐匡迪和众多专家18日在一次研讨会上提出，发展生物柴油产业可促进中国农村和国家经济社会发展，对增强中国石油安全具有重要的战略意义。如发展油料植物生产生物柴油，可以走出一条农林产品向工业品转化的富农强农之路，有利于调整农业结构，增加农民收入。发展生物柴油也有益于保护生态环境。生物柴油与石油柴油相比，可大大减少二氧化碳、多环苯类致癌物和“黑烟”等污染物排放；利用废食用油、垃圾油、泔水油生产生物柴油，可减少肮脏的、含有毒物质的废油污染。　　生物柴油是清洁的可再生能源，是以大豆、油菜籽等…     

生物柴油产业的研究

生物柴油是可再生的清洁能源，文中介绍了国内外生物柴油产业的现状，对我国生物柴油产业的发展阶段和思路进行分析，并对其前景进行展望。     

生物柴油与石化柴油的理化特性及质量标准比较

通过对生物柴油与石化柴油的低温流动性、雾化蒸发性、燃烧性、动力性、安定性、腐蚀性、清洁性、润滑性等理化性能指标和国内外的生物柴油质量标准的比较分析,得到两者的差异,为生物柴油的分级和质量标准的制定开拓了思路。     

我国生物柴油产业发展展望

生物柴油是对汽车、环境生态和人友好的可再生能源。本文着重论述了发展生物柴油产业对我国保护生态环境、增强国家石油安全、推动农业结构调整、增加农民收入、促进农村和国家经济发展的重要作用。本文介绍了世界各国和我国生物柴油产业发展现状,并根据产业原料资源的分析预测,展望了我国生物柴油产业发展潜力和未来十年分三阶段发展的光明前景。最后,本文对产业发展提出了建议,对产业的未来充满信心。     

High quality biodiesel and its diesel engine application: A review

The continuous increasing demand for energy and the diminishing tendency of petroleum resources has led to the search for alternative renewable and sustainable fuel. Biodiesel is best substitute for petro-diesel and also most advantageous over petro-diesel for its environmental friendliness. The quality of biodiesel fuel was found to be significant for its successful use on compression ignition engines and subsequent replacement of non-renewable fossil fuels. Conventional biodiesel separation and purification technologies were noticed to yield lower quality biodiesel fuel with resultant excessive energy and water consumptions. Membrane technology showed more potential for effective and efficient separation and purification of biodiesel. This technology need be explored for the attainment of better quality biodiesel fuels. This paper reviews the technologies used for the biodiesel separation and purification, biodiesel quality, and its effects on diesel engines. Biodiesel biodegradability, lubricity, stability, economic importance, and gaseous emissions have been discussed.     

Comprehensive study of biodiesel fuel for HSDI engines in conventional and low temperature combustion conditions

In this research, an experimental investigation has been performed to give insight into the potential of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) diesel engines. The scope of this work has been broadened by comparing the combustion characteristics of diesel and biodiesel fuels in a wide range of engine loads and EGR conditions, including the high EGR rates expected for future diesel engines operating in the low temperature combustion (LTC) regime.The experimental work has been carried out in a single-cylinder engine running alternatively with diesel and biodiesel fuels. Conventional diesel fuel and neat biodiesel have been compared in terms of their combustion performance through a new methodology designed for isolating the actual effects of each fuel on diesel combustion, aside from their intrinsic differences in chemical composition.The analysis of the results has been sequentially divided into two progressive and complementary steps. Initially, the overall combustion performance of each fuel has been critically evaluated based on a set of parameters used as tracers of the combustion quality, such as the combustion duration or the indicated efficiency. With the knowledge obtained from this previous overview, the analysis focuses on the detailed influence of biodiesel on the different diesel combustion stages known ignition delay, premixed combustion and mixing controlled combustion, considering also the impact on CO and UHC pollutant emissions.The results of this research explain why the biodiesel fuel accelerates the diesel combustion process in all engine loads and EGR rates, even in those corresponding with LTC conditions, increasing its possibilities as alternative fuel for future DI diesel engines.     

Production characterization and efficiency of biodiesel: a review

Vegetable oil is one of the main first generation liquid biofuels. The fuel characteristics of vegetable oil such as viscosity and atomization cannot be accommodated by existing diesel engines. An alternate process has been developed to improve the fuel characteristics of vegetable oils through the process of alcoholysis to produce a fuel called biodiesel. It can be used in engines as substitute for fossil fuel. This paper reviews the characteristics of different oils available for biodiesel production and the production technologies, engine performance using vegetable oil and biodiesel, and emission studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Emission analysis of Botryococcus braunii algal biofuel using Ni-Doped ZnO nano additives for IC engines

Microalgae biodiesel has been considered ?as a clean renewable fuel for diesel marine engines. This is due to its optimistic characterizations such as ?rapid growth rate, high productivity, and its ability to convert CO₂ into fuel. In this study, the use of microalgae biodiesel, obtained from Botryococcus braunii, as an alternative fuel for diesel marine engines has been investigated. The diesel engine is verified experimentally using Ni-Doped ZnO nano additive blends with algae biodiesel and neat diesel fuel. The results showed that doped nano additive blends? produce less emission compared to B20.     

Comparative study of biodiesel from Jatropha and orange peel oils as pilot fuels in a dual-fuel engine

The diesel-like properties of biodiesel make it a good alternative for CI engines. In the present work, the scope of biodiesel as a pilot fuel has been studied and compared with diesel. The results show that the use of Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and orange peel oil methyl ester (OPOME) as pilot fuel improves BTE and BSFC of dual-fuel engines compared to diesel as a pilot fuel. The use of JOME and OPOME as a pilot fuel for CNG also decreases the emissions like unburnt hydrocarbons, CO, and smoke. However, NO_X emissions increase at higher load. In contrast, use of biodiesel as pilot fuel improves the performance and emissions characteristics of dual-fuel engines.     

Improving the low temperature properties of biodiesel fuel

The use of biodiesel as a diesel fuel extender and lubricity improver is rapidly increasing. While most of the properties of biodiesel are comparable to petroleum based diesel fuel, improvement of its low temperature flow characteristic still remains one of the major challenges when using biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The biodiesel fuels derived from fats or oils with significant amounts of saturated fatty compounds will display higher cloud points and pour points. This paper is aimed to investigate the cold flow properties of 100% biodiesel fuel obtained from Madhuca indica, one of the important species in the Indian context. In this paper, the cold flow properties of biodiesel were evaluated with and without pour point depressants towards the objectives of identifying the pumping and injecting of these biodiesel in CI engines under cold climates. Effect of ethanol, kerosene and commercial additive on cold flow behavior of this biodiesel was studied. A considerable reduction in pour point has been noticed by using these cold flow improvers. The performance and emission with ethanol blended Mahua biodiesel fuel and ethanol–diesel blended Mahua biodiesel fuel have also been studied. A considerable reduction in emission was obtained. Ethanol blended biodiesel is totally a renewable, viable alternative fuel for improved cold flow behavior and better emission characteristics without affecting the engine performance.     

An overview of biodiesel oxidation stability

Oxidation Stability is one of the most important properties of fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel fuel) and primarily affects the stability of biodiesel during extended storage. Degradation by oxidation yields products that may compromise fuel properties, impair fuel quality and engine performance. In Europe, standardization and fuel quality assurance are crucial factors for biodiesel market acceptance, and storage stability is one of the main quality criteria. An overview of researches into biodiesel oxidation stability is presented in an attempt to convey the significance of this important property of biodiesel fuel. Aspects covered include: significance of biodiesel oxidation stability, oxidation chemistry, methods used for characterization of stability, factors known to influence stability, and consequences of biodiesel oxidation for diesel engines. The purpose of this work was to review the findings from some of the key prior research efforts available in the literature and to identify aspects of biodiesel oxidation stability in need of further study.     

Investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of hydrogen-enriched dual-fuel engine operated under waste frying oil biodiesel

Using nonedible waste frying oil (WFO) as biodiesel and hydrogen in the mix composition may partly replace significant quantities of diesel fuel and help reduce fossil fuel reliance. The combination of diesel fuel, waste-fired biodiesel, and hydrogen gas can improve the performance, combustion, and emissions of single-fuel and dual-fuel diesel engines. This may lead to a novel alternative fuel mix pattern and modification for diesel engines, which is the research gap. Although there has been some research on waste-fired biodiesel and hydrogen gas-powered dual-fuel engines with the goal of partly replacing fossil fuels to a larger degree, there has been very little progress in this area. As a result, the current research effort focuses on using diesel fuel (100%, 30%, and 60%), waste-fired biodiesel (at 100%, 70%, and 40%), and hydrogen gas as fuel sources (5 and 10 liters per minute [LPM]). According to the current experiment, it was perceived in both dual-fuel and single-fuel modes. Under duel-fuel mode, the engine results for WFOB70D30 + H10 fuel blend had higher 4.2% (brake thermal efficiency [BTE]), 19.72% (oxides of nitrogen [NO_x]), and 9.09% (ignition delay [ID]) with a minimal range of (in-cylinder pressure, MFB, volumetric efficiency and heat release rate [HRR]) and a dropped rate of 4.34% (brake-specific energy consumption [BSEC]), 33.33% (carbon monoxide [CO]), 39.28% (hydrocarbons [HC]), 9.43% (smoke), and 6.97% (combustion duration [CD]) related to diesel fuel at peak load. However, single-fuel powered diesel engines provide minimal performance for the WFOB40D60 fuel blend with (11.32% lower BTE and 2.04% higher BSEC) and minimal rate of combustion (lower cylinder pressure, 2.12% minimal CD, 14.72% higher ID, minimal HRR combustion, volumetric efficiency, and MFB). Emitted fewer emissions (9.09% less CO, 4.87% less HC, 0.92% higher NO_x, and 1.69% more smoke) than diesel fuel at peak load. Therefore, it was concluded that adding 10 LPM of hydrogen gas to the biodiesel under a dual-fuel condition leads to better combustion, better performance, and less pollution than the single-fuel mode of operation.     

植物油及其衍生物在柴油机上的应用

评述了植物油及其衍生物在柴油机上应用的前景和可行性,讨论了目前纯植物油、生物柴油和它们的混合物在柴油机上使用的最新研究成果。比较了植物油及其衍生物和传统柴油的性质以及柴油机燃用这些燃料时的性能和排放特性。