扶正口服液在家兔体内的代谢动力学研究

采用比色法测定口服单剂量扶正口服液后,家兔体内齐墩果酸的血药曲线,并据此研究扶正口服液中齐墩果酸在体内代谢动力学规律。结果表明,齐墩果酸在家兔体内的代谢符合－室药动学模型。并求出了该制剂的主要药动学参数。     

家兔关节腔中微透析探针植入方法的建立及应用

目的建立家兔关节腔中微透析探针的植入方法,并考察其应用于家兔膝关节局部药动学研究中的可行性。方法将微透析探针在注射针头、引导导管的帮助下从家兔膝关节髌韧带一侧插入关节腔中,并用x．射线检查探针活性透析膜在关节腔中的位置。以青藤碱为研究药物,HPLC—Ms为检测方法同时进行了家兔血液及关节腔局部青藤碱的药动学研究。结果微透析探针活性透析膜能准确地进入关节腔的腔隙中,并成功应用于关节局部药动学研究,得到主要药动学参数。结论家兔关节腔中微透析探针植入方法可行,位置准确,应用于关节局部药动学研究中有明显的优势。     

当归中藁本内酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC-PDA)法测定大鼠灌胃当归石油醚萃取物后藁本内酯的血药浓度。色谱条件:色谱柱BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm);流动相:乙腈-水(0.03%三氟乙酸)(45∶55,v/v);流速:0.5mL/min;检测波长:320 nm。并运用DAS 3.0药动学软件计算药动学参数,研究当归石油醚萃取物中藁本内酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学。结果显示藁本内酯在大鼠体内较符合二室模型,主要的药动参数:高、中剂量组的Cmax分别为0.38±0.04、0.33±0.02(μg/mL);t1/2β分别为4.08±0.25、3.06±0.82(h),低剂量组含量过低,无法进行定量。实验结果表明UPLC-PDA法能够较准确、灵敏的测定藁本内酯在大鼠体内的血药浓度,经比较高、中剂量组的药动参数得知,该物质呈非剂量依赖型。     

酶标仪法测定氨茶碱血药浓度的研究

摘要 目的：通过酶标仪法,建立一种研究氨茶碱在新西兰兔体内的药代动力学参数及房室模型的分析方法。方法：新西兰兔以剂量15 mg/kg静脉注射氨茶碱后,应用酶标仪法,测定在274 nm 波长处吸光度值,采用直线相关与回归分析进行数据统计分析氨茶碱在体内的药代动力学参数、回收率实验及房室模型分析。结果：血清茶碱在浓度5～30 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为：A= 0.0013C+0.0074,r²=0.991。各浓度氨茶碱回收率均大于90%,平均回收率为95.83±3.83,RSD均小于15%,回收效果良好。通过氨茶碱体内房室模型拟合得：二室模型拟合显示：由消除相,得外推线浓度线性回归方程：lgC=-0.1271t+1.0562;由分布相,得残数浓度线性回归方程为：lgCr =-0.5829t+1.030,综合得其二室模型的药动学方程为：C=22.000e^-1.342t +11.381e^-0.292t 、T_1/2（α）= 0.516 h、T_1/2（β）= 2.369 h。一室模型拟合显示：一室模型药动学方程为：lgC= -0.2131t + 1.315,其药时方程为：C= 20.649e^-0.491t 、T_1/2= 1.412 h;结论：可以用酶标仪法测定氨茶碱体内药代动力学相关参数,其回收率良好,体内代谢符合二室模型,消除半衰期较长。     

HPLC法测定犬体内罗格列酮药物动力学参数

目的-研究马来酸罗格列酮在犬体内的药动学特点。方法-以乙腈固相提取, HPLC法测定马来酸罗格列酮的血浆药物浓度; 以3P97软件计算磷酸罗格列酮药动学参数。结果与结论-马来酸罗格列酮在犬体内呈现1级吸收权重为1的一室模型规律; 其主要的药动学参数为 V (c) 约 0 4231 mg/kg/ (μg·ml-1), T1/2(ke)约107 6 min, CL约0 0027 mg·kg-1·min/ ( g·ml-1)。     

格列本脲在糖尿病大鼠体内药动学评价

目的从格列本脲的药动学考察链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病模型大鼠的适宜性。方法腹腔注射链脲佐菌素60 mg/kg诱发糖尿病大鼠模型,与正常大鼠灌胃给予10 mg/kg格列本脲,采用高效液相色谱法分析其血药浓度。用DAS 2.0软件处理数据,计算药动学参数。结果格列本脲在正常大鼠和模型大鼠体内的药动学参数为：Tmax分别是84.784 min,255.427 min;Cmax分别是0.259 mg/L,0.910 mg/L;CL分别是0.092 L/min/kg,0.019 L/min/kg;AUC（0～720min）分别是509.523 mg/L.min,1528.280 mg/L.min。结论格列本脲在正常大鼠与糖尿病大鼠体内的药动学过程有显著性差异,但此结果与文献不一致,此模型可能不适合考察药物在II型糖尿病病态下的药动学研究。     

肌注和口服恩诺沙星在大菱鲆体内的药代动力学比较

在水温(16±0.6)℃条件下, 以20 mg/kg剂量给健康大菱鲆静注、肌注和口服恩诺沙星后, 用高效液相色谱法测定药物浓度,采用DAS2.0药动学软件对血药浓度进行分析,比较了肌注和口服两种给药方式下恩诺沙星在大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)体内的药代动力学差异。结果显示,肌注和口服恩诺沙星后,在大菱鲆体内的代谢过程均符合一级吸收二室开放模型, 表达方程为C肌注=10.237e-0.702t+6.151e-0.01t-16.388e-25.796t和C口服=3.701e-0.072t+3.534e-0.007t-7.235e-0.364t。与口服给药后药代动力学参数比较, 肌注给药后的t1/2Ka(0.027h)、tmax(0.5h)、t1/2α(0.987h)和t1/2β(68.003h)均小于口服给药(1.904h、4h、9.621h和99.137h),且Cmax(21.7172μg/mL)和F(88.57%)均大于口服给药(5.3594μg/mL、66.42%)。结果表明, 肌注恩诺沙星在大菱鲆体内的吸收、消除均快于口服给药, 且比口服给药吸收完全。在试验条件下, 最佳给药方案为:肌注给药, 按鱼体重每次给药19.05 mg/kg,2天一次, 建议连续给药2-3次;口服给药,按鱼体重每次给药13.92mg/kg,1天一次, 建议连续给药3-5次, 建议休药期分别不低于30d和45d。       

纯化的兔血清PON1在大鼠体内药动学初步研究

通过探讨纯化的兔血清对氧磷酶-1在大鼠体内的药动学过程,为进一步研究其作为催化清除剂提供依据．按1200,2400和4800U／kg剂量,大鼠尾静脉注射纯化的兔血清对氧磷酶-1．每个剂量组66只大鼠,随机分成11组,每组6只,每只大鼠均于给药前采血,给药后10min,20min,30min,1h,2h,4h,8h,24h,30h,48h和72h分别处死一组大鼠,采集血液．大鼠给药后血清对氧磷酶-1活性值与给药前活性值的差值作为外源性酶活性值,对每一时间点活性值差值的均值进行药动学参数拟合．1200～4800U／kg剂量下,纯化的兔血清PON1在体内符合线性二室模型．T1／2α=2．3-2．35h,T1／2β=18．76-19．72h,V（c）=34．13-35．83mL／kg,CL=2．18～2．35mL·kg^-1·h^-1．3个剂量下雌雄大鼠体内外源性对氧磷酶-1活性无显著性差异（P〉0．05）．因此,纯化的兔血清对氧磷酶-1在大鼠体内的消除半衰期较长,几乎全部分布于血液中,其在雌雄动物体内基本动力学行为相同．     

辛伐他汀在大鼠体内药动学性别差异的研究

目的:研究Wistar大鼠单次灌服辛伐他汀后体内药代动力学的性别差异。方法:利用高效液相色谱方法检测大鼠血浆中辛伐他汀浓度,采用非房室模型法计算各自药动学参数。结果:雌、雄大鼠体内Cmax分别为(144.66±22.31)ng·mL~(-1)和(165.91±52.50)ng·mL~(-1);t_(1/2)分别为(4.74±1.19)h和(14.98±6.64)h;AUC_(0-10)分别为(0.990±0.19)μg.h·mL~(-1)和(0.726±0.15)μg·h·mL~(-1);AUC0-∞分别为(1.62±0.47)μg·h·mL~(-1)和(2.19±0.62)μg·h·mL~(-1);MRT分别为(9.69±1.60)h和(23.08±8.89)h,经t-检验,雌、雄大鼠主要药动学参数t_(1/2)、AUC_(0-10)、MRT均有统计学显著性差异(p<0.01)。结论:辛伐他汀在大鼠体内的药代动力学存在明显的性别差异,辛伐他汀在雌性大鼠体内代谢较快。     

肌注和药饵给药下诺氟沙星在南美白对虾血淋巴中药代动力学

本文分析了盐度1‰和15‰下诺氟沙星肌肉注射给药(剂量10mg/kg)和盐度15‰下药饵口服给药(剂量15mg/kg和30mg/kg)后南美白对虾血淋巴中药代动力学。在盐度1‰和15‰下,南美白对虾肌注给药后血药浓度的变化趋势基本相似,血药浓度与时间关系曲线适合用二室模型来描述,其药动学方程分别为C0=35.422×e-9.778t 4.363×e-0.165t和C0=35.144×e-13.335t 7.888×e-0.608t,但两盐度下部分药动学参数差别较大。药饵口服给药时,给药剂量与血药浓度未呈明显的正相关,且血药浓度—时间关系曲线均表现出双峰现象。以30mg/kg剂量药饵口服给药后,药峰出现的时间分别为给药后4h和12h,峰浓度分别为2.86μg/mL和2.04μg/mL;以15mg/kg剂量给药时也得到相似的双峰现象,但第二峰浓度出现的时间为8h。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细