采用改进的基于余量的算法实现人脸识别中最佳Gabor特征的选择

基于2DGabor变换的人脸特征描述已经受到了很多人的关注。然而现有的Gabor特征维数较高,而且具有冗余性,因此选择最佳的Gabor特征用于人脸识别显得尤为的重要。利用最大余量原理的特征选择算法在目前的机器学习研究中已经占据了重要的地位。本文在基于余量的迭代搜索法(Simba)的基础上,引入了一种新的选择算法:基于余量的共轭梯度法(Cgmba),它只需较少次迭代就可以找到最佳解。我们在IMM人脸库上进行了实验,实验结果表明:尽管只使用了一半不到的特征,但Cgmba和Simba的识别率却分别提高了3.75和1.25个百分点,同时也证实了我们提出的Cgmba明显优于Simba。最后我们对Cgmba选择的Gabor特征的分布情况进行了分析,可以看出较大尺度的特征相对于较小尺度的特征对于分辩人脸的细微差别具有同等的重要性,而且在垂直,135°方向的特征具有更强的分辩能力。     

基于熵-流特征和樽海鞘群优化支持向量机的故障诊断方法

针对旋转机械设备故障特征提取困难的问题,提出一种熵-流特征和樽海鞘群优化支持向量机(salp swarm optimization support vector machine,SSO-SVM)的故障诊断方法。利用改进多尺度加权排列熵(improved multiscale weighted permutation entropy,IMWPE)提取机械设备不同工况下的故障特征;采用监督等度规映射(S-Isomap)流形学习进行降维处理,获取低维的熵-流特征集;将熵-流特征输入至SSO-SVM多故障分类器进行识别与诊断。行星齿轮箱故障诊断实验分析结果表明:IMWPE+S-Isomap熵-流特征提取方法优于现有的多尺度排列熵(multiscale permutation entropy,MPE)、多尺度加权排列熵(multiscale weighted permutation entropy,MWPE)和IMWPE等熵值特征提取方法以及IMWPE+等度规映射(Isomap)和IMWPE+线性局部切空间排列(linear local tangent space alignment,LLTSA)等熵-流特征提取方法;樽海鞘群算法对支持向量机参数寻优效果优于粒子群、灰狼群、人工蜂群和蝙蝠群等算法;所提故障诊断方法识别精度达到100%,能够有效诊断出行星齿轮箱各工况类型。     

基于VMD-ICMSE和半监督判别SOINN L-Isomap的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对从滚动轴承非线性、非平稳振动信号中提取故障特征困难的问题,提出一种基于半监督判别自组织增量学习神经网络界标点的等度规映射(SSDSL-Isomap)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。利用基于变分模态分解的改进复合多尺度样本熵(VMD-ICMSE)从复杂域提取振动信号的故障特征,构建高维故障特征集;采用SSDSL-Isomap方法对高维故障特征集进行维数约简,提取出利于识别的低维、敏感故障特征子集;应用粒子群优化极限学习机(PSO-ELM)分类器对低维故障特征进行故障识别,判别故障类型。VMD-ICMSE方法集成了VMD自适应分解非线性信号与ICMSE衡量时间序列复杂性程度的优势,提高故障特征提取能力;SSDSL-Isomap方法综合了全局流形结构、半监督型双约束图构建以及SOINN界标点选取的优点,增强故障分类能力。调心球轴承故障诊断实验分析结果表明,该方法对实验数据的故障识别率达到100%。     

Optimal channel and frequency band-based feature selection for motor imagery electroencephalogram classification

Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a widely adopted method for electroencephalogram (EEG) feature extraction in brain-computer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery. Bandpass-filtering EEG into several subbands related to brain activity tasks is an effective approach to improve the performance of CSP based algorithm. However, this approach tends to suffer the over-fitting problem because of the increase in feature dimension. Therefore, we proposed an optimal channel and frequency band-based CSP feature selection method in this paper. Firstly, the correlation coefficient was calculated to select the optimal channels, and these channels were bandpass-filtered into multiple overlapping subbands. The subbands with higher power spectrum density were chosen for CSP feature extraction. Next, the pair-wise relevance was utilized to remove subband features with less difference. And then the screened subband features were combined with features extracted from the broadband signal. The Fisher ratio was exploited to carry out further feature selection. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) was trained to classify the selected CSP features. An experimental study was implemented on BCI competition III dataset IVa and BCI competition IV dataset 1. The average classification accuracy reached 89.33% and 84.08%, which indicated the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

SAR图像目标的方向梯度能量分形特征研究

本文提出一种方向梯度能量分形特征提取方法用于目标的特征描述.该方法中,提出了方向梯度能量、方向梯度总能量、总方向梯度能量、方向梯度能量分形特征、复数分形特征等的概念和算法,分析并得出了方向梯度能量分形特征的性质,提取了二维目标的分形特征用于SAR图像目标检测.理论分析和实验结果表明,采用这种方法能够有效地检测不同形状和不同尺寸的目标.同时,这种方法还具有编程简单、运算速度快等优点.     

Statistical feature extraction based iris recognition system

Iris recognition systems have been proposed by numerous researchers using different feature extraction techniques for accurate and reliable biometric authentication. In this paper, a statistical feature extraction technique based on correlation between adjacent pixels has been proposed and implemented. Hamming distance based metric has been used for matching. Performance of the proposed iris recognition system (IRS) has been measured by recording false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR) at different thresholds in the distance metric. System performance has been evaluated by computing statistical features along two directions, namely, radial direction of circular iris region and angular direction extending from pupil to sclera. Experiments have also been conducted to study the effect of number of statistical parameters on FAR and FRR. Results obtained from the experiments based on different set of statistical features of iris images show that there is a significant improvement in equal error rate (EER) when number of statistical parameters for feature extraction is increased from three to six. Further, it has also been found that increasing radial/angular resolution, with normalization in place, improves EER for proposed iris recognition system.     

多重分形去趋势波动分析及改进决策树在电能质量分析中的应用

通过多重分形去趋势波动分析方法分析了6种常见的电能质量信号,证明了电能质量信号具有多重分形特征。据此提出基于多重分形去趋势波动分析的电能质量特征提取方法,选取多重分形谱参数(h_qmax、α_min、α₀)和信号能量E作为特征向量矩阵,结合改进决策树分类,进行电能质量分析和识别。该方法与DTCWT、HHT和EEMD方法进行对比实验,结果表明,该方法表现出更好的识别结果,为电能质量信号的特征提取提供了一种新的思路。     

A novel framework for writer identification based on pre-segmented Gurmukhi characters

Handwriting is an obtained apparatus utilized for correspondence of one’s recognition or sentiments. Components that judge a person’s handwriting is not merely subject to the individual’s handwriting depends on the background, additionally considers like nervousness, inspiration and the reason for the handwriting. In spite of the high variation, in a man’s handwriting, recent outcomes from various writers have demonstrated that it has adequate individual quality to be utilized as an identification strategy. In this paper, the authors are the pact with a novel approach to text dependent writer identification in view of pre-segmented Gurmukhi characters. The text dependent writer identification framework proposed in this paper includes distinctive stages like preprocessing, feature extraction, classification or identification. The feature extraction stage incorporates four schemes, zoning, diagonal, transitions and peak extent based features. To analyze the proposed framework execution, experiments are performed with two classifiers, namely, k-NN and SVM. SVM is also considered with linear-kernel in the present work. For experimental results, we have collected 31,500 samples from 90 different writers for 35 class problem. Maximum writer identification accuracy of 89.85% has been achieved by using a combination of zoning, transition and peak extent based features with Linear-SVM classifier when we have taken 70% data as the training set and remaining 30% data as the testing set. Using 10-fold cross validation, we have achieved an accuracy of 94.76% with a combination of zoning, transition and peak extent based features and Linear-SVM classifier.     

基于改进VMD的风电齿轮箱不平衡故障特征提取

变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)是一种不同于递归式模态分解新方法,具有优良的频率剖分特性,但其在处理信号时受分量个数影响严重,通过主观经验难以合理设置该参数。针对该问题,利用奇异值分解清晰的信噪分辨能力,根据奇异值最佳有效秩阶次自动搜寻VMD的分量个数,提出了一种改进变分模态分解的风电齿轮箱不平衡故障特征提取方法。通过仿真信号及轴不平衡实验信号对该方法进行了验证,并将其应用于风电齿轮箱稳定工况下的现场故障诊断中,均成功提取出微弱特征频率信息,实现对齿轮箱不平衡故障的有效判别,具有一定可靠性。     

基于OCT成像的淡水无核珍珠内部缺陷自动检测方法

光学相干层析技术(OCT)作为一种高分辨率的无损光学检测手段,已被用于珍珠的内部质量检测。针对淡水无核珍珠质层内部缺陷检测的需求,提出一种通过光学相干层析图像实现淡水无核珍珠内部缺陷自动检测的方法。根据珠层灰度变化的特点,识别图像中缺陷区域的梯度特征和缺陷位置变化特征,并利用缺陷特征建立反向传播神经网络模型。实验中采集了内部无缺陷和内部有多种类型缺陷淡水无核珍珠的光学相干层析图像各20幅,对图像进行预处理并提取特征,利用K-means算法检测样本类型与所提取特征的匹配度,用特征与类型相匹配的样本特征训练反向传播神经网络模型,使用反向传播网络模型对淡水无核珍珠内部缺陷层进行分类识别。实验结果表明该方法提取特征的匹配度为92.5%,分类准确率达到100%,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,提出的方法能够作为淡水无核珍珠内部缺陷识别和自动分类的有效手段。     

Diabetes Prediction Algorithm Using Recursive Ridge Regression L2

At present, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing because the human body cannot metabolize the glucose level. Accurate prediction of diabetes patients is an important research area. Many researchers have proposed techniques to predict this disease through data mining and machine learning methods. In prediction, feature selection is a key concept in preprocessing. Thus, the features that are relevant to the disease are used for prediction. This condition improves the prediction accuracy. Selecting the right features in the whole feature set is a complicated process, and many researchers are concentrating on it to produce a predictive model with high accuracy. In this work, a wrapper-based feature selection method called recursive feature elimination is combined with ridge regression (L2) to form a hybrid L2 regulated feature selection algorithm for overcoming the overfitting problem of data set. Overfitting is a major problem in feature selection, where the new data are unfit to the model because the training data are small. Ridge regression is mainly used to overcome the overfitting problem. The features are selected by using the proposed feature selection method, and random forest classifier is used to classify the data on the basis of the selected features. This work uses the Pima Indians Diabetes data set, and the evaluated results are compared with the existing algorithms to prove the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm in predicting diabetes is 100%, and its area under the curve is 97%. The proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms.     

A probability-based spectroscopic diagnostic algorithm for simultaneous discrimination of brain tumor and tumor margins from normal brain tissue

This paper reports the development of a probability-based spectroscopic diagnostic algorithm capable of simultaneously discriminating tumor core and tumor margins from normal human brain tissues. The algorithm uses a nonlinear method for feature extraction based on maximum representation and discrimination feature (MRDF) and a Bayesian method for classification based on sparse multinomial logistic regression (SMLR). Both the autofluorescence and the diffuse-reflectance spectra acquired in vivo from patients undergoing craniotomy or temporal lobectomy at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center were used to train and validate the algorithm. The classification accuracy was observed to be approximately 96%, 80%, and 97% for the tumor, tumor margin, and normal brain tissues, respectively, for the training data set and approximately 96%, 94%, and 100%, respectively, for the corresponding tissue types in an independent validation data set. The inherently multi-class nature of the algorithm facilitates a rapid and simultaneous classification of tissue spectra into various tissue categories without the need for a hierarchical multi-step binary classification scheme. Further, the probabilistic nature of the algorithm makes it possible to quantitatively assess the certainty of the classification and recheck the samples that are classified with higher relative uncertainty.     

基于BIMF-GLCM分析的印刷网点异常状态诊断方法

目的为了实现印刷生产过程中网点异常状态的智能诊断,提出一种基于二维经验模式分解(BEMD)的网点特征提取方法。方法通过对网点图像的BEMD分析,获取了其二维本征模式分量,并利用灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)对其进行特征提取,构建印刷网点的特征表示向量。结果依托支持向量机决策方法开展分类实验,所提出的方法能够准确诊断出网点压力不当、水墨不均等异常状态,网点分类实验的正确率达到90%以上。结论 BIMF-GLCM分析对于网点特性有着很好的表征能力,相关研究为印刷网点智能诊断特征集的构建提供了有效方法。     

A Hybrid Duo-Deep Learning and Best Features Based Framework forActionRecognition

Human Action Recognition (HAR) is a current research topic in the field of computer vision that is based on an important application known as video surveillance. Researchers in computer vision have introduced various intelligent methods based on deep learning and machine learning, but they still face many challenges such as similarity in various actions and redundant features. We proposed a framework for accurate human action recognition (HAR) based on deep learning and an improved features optimization algorithm in this paper. From deep learning feature extraction to feature classification, the proposed framework includes several critical steps. Before training fine-tuned deep learning models – MobileNet-V2 and Darknet53 – the original video frames are normalized. For feature extraction, pre-trained deep models are used, which are fused using the canonical correlation approach. Following that, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO)-based algorithm is used to select the best features. Following that, the selected features were used to classify actions using various classifiers. The experimental process was performed on six publicly available datasets such as KTH, UT-Interaction, UCF Sports, Hollywood, IXMAS, and UCF YouTube, which attained an accuracy of 98.3%, 98.9%, 99.8%, 99.6%, 98.6%, and 100%, respectively. In comparison with existing techniques, it is observed that the proposed framework achieved improved accuracy.     

基于进化蒙特卡洛方法的特征选择在机械故障诊断中的应用

特征选择可以从原始特征集中去除冗余特征,选择出优化特征子集,提高机械故障诊断精度和诊断效率。将进化蒙特卡洛方法引入机械故障诊断的特征选择。应用支持向量机(SVM)作为故障决策器,采用Wrapper式特征子集评价标准,并采用进化蒙特卡洛算法搜索最优特征子集。运用滚动轴承故障振动信号数据对提出的方法进行验证,实验结果表明该方法是有效的。     

Bio-inspired Hybrid Feature Selection Model for Intrusion Detection

Intrusion detection is a serious and complex problem. Undoubtedly due to a large number of attacks around the world, the concept of intrusion detection has become very important. This research proposes a multilayer bio-inspired feature selection model for intrusion detection using an optimized genetic algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed multilayer model consists of two layers (layers 1 and 2). At layer 1, three algorithms are used for the feature selection. The algorithms used are Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Firefly Optimization Algorithm (FFA). At the end of layer 1, a priority value will be assigned for each feature set. At layer 2 of the proposed model, the Optimized Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to select one feature set based on the priority value. Modifications are done on standard GA to perform optimization and to fit the proposed model. The Optimized GA is used in the training phase to assign a priority value for each feature set. Also, the priority values are categorized into three categories: high, medium, and low. Besides, the Optimized GA is used in the testing phase to select a feature set based on its priority. The feature set with a high priority will be given a high priority to be selected. At the end of phase 2, an update for feature set priority may occur based on the selected features priority and the calculated F-Measures. The proposed model can learn and modify feature sets priority, which will be reflected in selecting features. For evaluation purposes, two well-known datasets are used in these experiments. The first dataset is UNSW-NB15, the other dataset is the NSL-KDD. Several evaluation criteria are used, such as precision, recall, and F-Measure. The experiments in this research suggest that the proposed model has a powerful and promising mechanism for the intrusion detection system.     

Metabolic profiling of glucuronides in human urine by LC-MS/MS and partial least-squares discriminant analysis for classification and prediction of gender

Mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly being used for metabolic profiling, but detection modes such as constant neutral loss or multiple reaction monitoring have not often been reported. These modes allow focusing on structurally related compounds, which could be advantageous for situations in which the trait under investigation is associated with a particular class of metabolites. In this study, we analyzed endogenous glucuronides excreted in human urine by monitoring characteristic transitions of putative steroid glucuronides by LC-MS/MS for discrimination of females from males. Two methods for data extraction were used: (i) a manual procedure based on visual inspection of the chromatograms and selection of 23 peaks and (ii) a software-supported method (MarkerView) set to extract 100 peaks. Data from 10 female and 10 male students were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) using software SIMCA. With PCA, only the manual peak selection resulted in clustering males and females. With PLS-DA, the manual method provided full separation on the basis of one single discriminant; the software-supported approach required a two-component model for complete separation. Loading plots were analyzed for their ability to reveal peaks with high discriminating power, that is, potential biomarkers. The PLS-DA models were validated with urine samples collected from five new females and five new males. Gender was correctly assigned for all. Our results indicate that inclusion of biological criteria for variable selection coupled to class-specific MS analysis and data extraction by appropriate software may constitute a valuable addition to the methods available for metabolomics.     

Subspace learning for Mumford-Shah-model-based texture segmentation through texture patches

In this paper, we develop a robust and effective algorithm for texture segmentation and feature selection. The approach is to incorporate a patch-based subspace learning technique into the subspace Mumford-Shah (SMS) model to make the minimization of the SMS model robust and accurate. The proposed method is fully unsupervised in that it removes the need to specify training data, which is required by existing methods for the same model. We further propose a novel (to our knowledge) pairwise dissimilarity measure for pixels. Its novelty lies in the use of the relevance scores of the features of each pixel to improve its discriminating power. Some superior results are obtained compared to existing unsupervised algorithms, which do not use a subspace approach. This confirms the usefulness of the subspace approach and the proposed unsupervised algorithm.     

基于相空间重构和非线性流形的滚动轴承复合故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号的非平稳以及非线性特点,提出了一种基于相空间重构和非线性流形的滚动轴承复合故障诊断方法。该方法首先将滚动轴承一维振动信号重构到高维相空间,然后计算重构信号协方差矩阵的特征值,以此组成轴承故障诊断原始特征集;采用局部切空间排列算法对原始特征集作特征压缩后,将获得的新的特征输入到K-means分类器中进行轴承故障的识别与聚类。实验结果表明,与经典的线性分析方法PCA相比,该方法的聚类效果更好。     

Color code identification in coded structured light

Color code is widely employed in coded structured light to reconstruct the three-dimensional shape of objects. Before determining the correspondence, a very important step is to identify the color code. Until now, the lack of an effective evaluation standard has hindered the progress in this unsupervised classification. In this paper, we propose a framework based on the benchmark to explore the new frontier. Two basic facets of the color code identification are discussed, including color feature selection and clustering algorithm design. First, we adopt analysis methods to evaluate the performance of different color features, and the order of these color features in the discriminating power is concluded after a large number of experiments. Second, in order to overcome the drawback of K-means, a decision-directed method is introduced to find the initial centroids. Quantitative comparisons affirm that our method is robust with high accuracy, and it can find or closely approach the global peak.