焊接热循环对含铜时效钢HAZ组织与力学性能的影响

研究了焊接热循环对含铜时效钢焊接热影响区组织与性能的影响.结果表明,经历单次热循环后,含铜时效钢焊接热影响区不同区域性能存在显著差异.粗晶区冲击韧度最差,这主要是奥氏体的晶粒长大及粒状贝氏体的增多所致;两相区是热影响区的"软化区",母材中析出相的粗化及重溶和铁素体量的增多是导致两相区硬度降低的主要原因.二次热循环对模拟HAZ组织和性能有显著影响,粗晶区 两相区是二次热循环中性能最差的区域.基体中部分析出物的粗化或回溶以及组织中铁素体量的增加是导致两相区硬度降低的主要原因;大尺寸粒状贝氏体的增多是导致该区域韧性下降的主要原因.     

X80管线钢焊接热影响区组织和性能分析

采用焊接热模拟技术和金相显微组织分析技术,对首钢研制开发的X80热轧板卷在不同焊接热循环下的组织和力学性能变化规律进行了深入分析.结果表明,粗晶热影响区是X80管线钢焊接热影响区中冲击韧性较差的区域,存在严重脆化.粗晶热影响区脆化是由于晶粒的粗化以及粒状贝氏体、上贝氏体、M-A组元等非平衡中低温转变产物数量增多造成的,且其冲击韧性随着t8/5的增加而降低.细晶热影响区是X80管线钢焊接热影响区的软化区域,软化程度随着焊接热输入的增加而增加.     

含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区组织转变特征研究

采用Gleeble-3800焊接热模拟机模拟研究了含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区的组织转变规律,测定了SHCCT 曲线,分析研究了冷却速度对其组织形貌、晶粒度和硬度的影响规律.结果表明,冷却速度较快时(t8/5＜15 s),含铜钢的焊接粗晶区组织以板条贝氏体为主,晶粒尺寸相对较小,硬度较高;冷却速度较慢时(t8/5＞40 s),焊接粗晶区的组织主要由粒状贝氏体构成,原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸粗大,同时在铁素体基体上分布着较多大尺寸的M-A岛,M-A岛的形成导致焊接粗晶区的低温韧性严重恶化.     

含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区组织与韧性分析

研究了含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区的组织与韧性,并测定了含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区连续冷却转变曲线(SHCCT曲线).结果表明,冷却速度对含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区的组织和韧性有显著影响.随着冷却速度的增加,粗晶区的组织由粗大的粒状贝氏体转变为细小的板条贝氏体;当t8/5≤40s时,焊接粗晶区无塑性转变温度低于-50℃,可获得良好的低温韧性.当t8/5＞40s时,焊接粗晶区冲击韧度显著降低,大尺寸M-A组元的增多是导致含铜时效钢韧性恶化的重要原因.     

冷却时间对X80钢焊接热影响区粗晶区组织及性能的影响

利用Gleeble热模拟试验机模拟研究了X80钢焊接热影响区粗晶区组织在不同冷却速度下的变化规律,研究了冷却时间、组织和性能之间的关系。结果表明,X80钢焊接热影响区粗晶区组织主要由板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体组成。随冷却时间t8/5时间增加,板条贝氏体含量逐渐减少,由细长状转变成粗大片状、并趋于平行;粒状贝氏体含量逐渐增加,其间的马氏体M/奥氏体A组元数量增加,间距缩短,面积增大。随冷却时间t8/5时间增加,焊接热影响区粗晶区冲击韧性先增加后减小;当t8/5=7 s时,X80钢焊接热影响区粗晶区组织为少量的粒状贝氏体,且弥散分布于大量板条贝氏体之间,细化板条贝氏体,增加有效晶界,起到细化和强化作用,冲击断口分布着大量的细小韧窝,为明显的韧性断裂。     

焊接热循环对X120管线钢组织和性能的影响

采用热模拟试验机,研究了一次及二次焊接热循环对X120管线钢的组织和性能的影响.结果表明:在一次焊接热循环时,X120管线钢具有良好的可焊性,当线能量为40kJ/cm时,焊接粗晶区仍保持高的冲击韧性和硬度.在双面焊时,峰值温度为1200℃的二次循环后,热影响区组织主要由板条马氏体和粒状贝氏体组成,因其奥氏体晶粒相对细小,从而具有良好的综合力学性能.当二次热循环峰值温度在奥氏体-铁素体两相区(800℃)和略高于两相区(1000℃)时,焊接热影响区表现为局部脆化.当峰值温度为800℃时,脆化原因是在晶界形成网状组织;而峰值温度为1000℃时,脆化原因是冷却时获得含有粗大M/A岛状组织的粒状贝氏体.     

屈服强度1 400 MPa级低合金超高强钢的SH-CCT曲线及其粗晶热影响区组织

采用热模拟和显微金相、显微硬度检测等技术研究了1 400 MPa级低合金超高强钢的奥氏体化相变温度、冷却时间t_8/5对其焊接热影响区粗晶区组织和性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢奥氏体化开始温度A_c1为710℃,奥氏体化结束温度A_c3为820℃;随着t_8/5的增大,热影响区粗晶区的组织由全部为板条马氏体转变为粒状贝氏体+板条马氏体的混合组织,再转变为全部粒状贝氏体组织,最终转变为贝氏体+珠光体+铁素体组织;随着t_8/5的增大,显微硬度从500 HV5逐渐降至250 HV5,而试验钢母材硬度值范围为502～523 HV5,因此在t_8/5较大时,即在较大的焊接热输入条件下,1 400 MPa级低合金超高强钢软化现象严重,焊接过程应严格控制焊接热输入。     

高强度船体用钢焊接性研究

采用热模拟试验技术测定出首钢研制开发的高强度船体用钢焊接连续冷却转变曲线(SH-CCT图),获得焊接工艺特征参数t8/5从3.5～2 500 s范围内的组织变化规律.利用热模拟技术进行了高强度船体用钢焊接热影响区组织、性能的模拟研究,结果表明,粗晶热影响区存在着脆化现象,随着焊接热输入的增加,粗晶热影响区奥氏体晶粒粗化,脆化加剧.首钢生产的高强度船体用钢淬硬倾向和冷裂敏感性较低.     

440MPa级含铌船体钢焊接粗晶区组织与性能

焊接热模拟试验表明,t8/5≤40 s时,低碳高铌钢焊接粗晶区奥氏体晶粒尺寸低于高碳低铌钢,低温冲击韧性高于高碳低铌钢.焊接粗晶区的组织主要以粒状贝氏体为主,当t8/5≤40 s时,粒状贝氏体主要以长条状存在;当t8/5>40 s时,粒状贝氏体则主要呈现块状,低碳高铌钢中粒状贝氏体的数量和尺寸远低于高碳低铌钢.Thermo-Calc计算析出平衡曲线表明,高碳低铌钢中第二相粒子的析出主要在1 200℃以上,平均尺寸大于120 nm.低碳高铌钢中第二相粒子的析出粒子主要分布在1 200℃以下,平均尺寸小于50 nm.低碳高铌钢中细小的第二相析出物有效阻碍了奥氏体晶粒长大,显著改善了焊接粗晶区的低温韧性.     

TiNb钢焊接热影响区微观组织与冲击性能演变规律

利用热模拟技术研究了焊接热循环参数对高热输入焊接用TiNb钢焊接热影响区粗晶区的组织及冲击韧性的影响规律. 结果表明,TiNb钢焊接热循环峰值温度升高,珠光体和铁素体的含量明显减少,贝氏体的含量增多,贝氏体板条组织明显粗化,导致冲击韧性下降;高温停留时间延长,贝氏体和珠光体含量大幅降低,多边形铁素体含量增加,高温停留时间为10 s以上时,多边形铁素体组织粗化严重,冲击韧性急剧降低. 在合适的冷却时间条件下,以晶粒细小的针状铁素体组织为主,冲击韧性达到最大值. 较低的热循环峰值温度、较短的高温停留时间和合适的冷却时间,可以获得晶粒细小的铁素体组织,从而可以显著提高热影响粗晶区的冲击韧性.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.