噪声干扰背景下压缩感知雷达波形优化设计

为改善压缩感知雷达（Compressive Sensing Radar,CSR）在干扰噪声背景下目标检测及距离-多普勒参数的估计性能,该文提出一种感知矩阵平均相干系数（Averaged Coherence of the Sensing Matrix,ACSM）与信干噪比（Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio,SINR）联合优化的波形设计方法.文中首先建立了CSR距离-多普勒二维参数感知模型,推导了波形联合优化设计的目标函数,其次以多相编码信号作为优化码型并采用模拟退火（Simulated Annealing,SA）算法对目标函数进行优化求解.与传统CSR波形相比,优化设计的波形提高了CSR在低信干噪比条件下的成功检测概率,同时有效降低了目标距离-多普勒参数估计误差,由此改善了CSR在干扰噪声背景下的距离-多普勒成像质量.计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性.     

Adaptive CFAR PI Processor for Radar Target Detection in Pulse Jamming

A new parallel algorithm for signal processing and a parallel systolic architecture of a CFAR processor with adaptive post detection integration (API) are presented in this paper. The processor proposed is used for effective target detection in a single range resolution cell of a radar when echoes from small airborne targets are performed in conditions of pulse jamming. The main property of the algorithm proposed is its ability automatically to determine and censor the unwanted samples corrupted by pulse jamming in both the two-dimensional reference window and the test cell before noise level estimation. In such a way the influence of pulse jamming environment over adaptive thresholding is reduced to minimum. Statistical analysis of the algorithm for target detection shows that the signal-to-noise ratio losses are insignificant even if the power and the frequency of pulse jamming are extremely high. The systolic architecture of the CFAR API is designed. Basic measures of the systolic architecture are the number of processor elements, the computational time and the speed-up needed for real-time implementation.     

船舶航行辐射噪声信号仿真方法研究

船舶航行辐射噪声是被动声纳探测、声纳目标识别、听音判型等工作的重要信息源,其信号仿真是解决上述研究工作中噪声样本类型少或数量不足的有效方法,前提是所仿真信号必须满足逼真度要求。提出了一种基于实测信号重构的船舶航行辐射噪声信号仿真方法。通过谱估计提取信号的连续谱、线谱、调制谱特征,根据谱估计数据合成满足信号谱特征要求的船舶航行辐射噪声,并通过听觉感受调整调制谱参数。仿真结果显示所合成船舶航行辐射噪声信号能够从谱估计和听觉感受两方面逼近实测辐射噪声信号。      

Curvelet-Based Snake for Multiscale Detection and Tracking of Geophysical Fluids

Detection and target tracking have an application to many scientific problems. The approach developed in this paper is motivated by the applications of detection and tracking characteristic deformable structures in geophysical fluids. We develop an integrated detection and tracking method of geophysical fluids based on a discrete curvelet representation of the information characterizing the targets. Curvelets are in some sense geometric wavelets, allowing an optimal sparse representation of two-dimensional piecewise continuous objects with C ²-singularities. The proposed approach first identifies a consistent vortex by a curvelet-based gradient-vector-flow snake and then establishes the motion correspondence of the snaxels between successive time frames by a constructed so-called semi-T or comp-T multiscale motion-estimation method based on the geometric wavelets. Furthermore, a combination of total-variation regularization and cycle-spinning techniques effectively removes false matches and improves significantly the estimation. Numerical experiments at each stage demonstrate the performance of the proposed tracking methodology for temporal oceanographic satellite image sequences corrupted by noise, with weak edges and submitted to large deformations, in comparison to conventional methods     

时空域联合的水下未知线谱目标检测方法

水下线谱目标被动检测中,目标辐射线谱信号的方位、频率、个数等信息通常未知,且线谱检测性能容易受到宽带干扰及背景噪声的影响。针对此问题,该文提出一种时空域联合的未知线谱目标检测方法(STJD)。首先,利用线谱信号的相干特性,构建了一种能够自主匹配未知线谱信号的时空域联合滤波器,用以滤除接收信号中的宽带背景干扰及噪声。之后,对滤波信号进行常规频域波束形成得到空时2维波束输出,其具有相对纯净的线谱谱峰。在此基础上提取线谱并利用线谱信息计算空间方位谱,进而实现对线谱目标的检测。理论推导及仿真结果表明该文方法能够对未知线谱信号进行最小均方误差意义下的时空滤波,并能充分地利用线谱信息进行线谱目标的被动检测。与已有基于线谱特征的线谱目标检测方法相比,该文方法对信噪比(SNR)的要求较低,在多目标、多线谱等复杂情况下具有较好的线谱目标检测性能。     

基于时频重排—霍夫变换的雷达回波信号检测

提出了将时频分布进行时频重排再利用Hough变换，对多目标雷达回波信号的检测与参数估计方法，解决了WVD—Hough方法中交叉项引起伪尖峰所造成的误检测以及QTFD—Hough的时频聚集性下降引起的参数估计精度降低和运行时间增大的问题。仿真实验表明，该方法能有效地检测多目标雷达回波信号并准确地估计其参数，而且有较好的抗噪声性能。     

基于复像分析的雷达目标弱信号检测

论述了在强噪声下利用复像分析（Complex-Image Analysis）检测雷达目标弱信号的方法,通过这种方法,可以提高雷达在强噪声下对目标的检测能力,使得利用阈值检测无法检测到的目标经过复像分析的处理之后,可以被正确地检测出来,利用复像分析的检测是一种识别检测,即在目标被检测到的同时,一些目标的基本特性也可以由复像分析的结果得到。     

基于噪声方差估计的红外弱小目标检测与跟踪方法

针对红外弱小多目标图像背景杂波干扰严重、弱 小目标检测率低和目标跟踪困难的问题,提出一种 基于噪声方差估计的红外弱小目标快速检测与目标跟踪算法。首先采用改进的形态学 滤波抑制背景噪声, 对处理后的多帧图像进行方差估计初步突出目标像素;然后对其进行信噪比(SNR)估计得到整个图像序列像素得 分,图像中像素SNR高的被标记为目标像素;再对标记过的图像进行分块分析 ,准确提取出连续图 像序列中的目标像素;将检测出的目标像素作为Hough变换的目标跟踪算法的输入,设置双 阈值实现目标 的有效跟踪。实验结果表明,在复杂背景下的红外弱小目标提取中,基于噪声方差估计的目 标检测拥有较 高的检测概率和较低的虚警概率,将其获得的目标像素作为Hough变换的输入,不仅可以有 效跟踪目标, 而且简化了算法的复杂度,实现目标的快速提取和跟踪,具有很高的应用价值。     

基于最小统计及谱减法的语音增强

提出了一个基于最小统计及谱减法的语音增强方法。不采用端点检测,在语音帧内及噪声帧内都进行噪声更新。为了实时应用的需求,提出了一种加快最小值更新的方法,实验表明,该方法能有效削弱变电平噪声。     

高斯白噪声下L阵二维波达方向快速估计

针对L型阵列,提出一种在高斯白噪声环境下的二维波达方向( DOA)快速估计方法。首先利用阵列结构特点构建两个互协方差矩阵,同时实现了噪声分量的有效抑制,再依据协方差矩阵的性质构造了波达方向矩阵。对该矩阵进行一次特征分解即可分别得到包含方位角和俯仰角信息的方向矢量和方向元素,实现二维DOA估计。该算法避免了传统算法的谱峰搜索或大矩阵构造及其特征分解过程,计算量小,且参数自动配对。仿真结果表明,该算法在低性噪比和少快拍下的估计精度与2 D ESPRIT算法近似,但计算复杂度大幅降低,适用于实时性高的工程应用背景。     

A noise subspace projection approach to target signature detectionand extraction in an unknown background for hyperspectral images

A noise subspace projection (NSP) approach to extraction and subpixel detection of target signatures in an unknown background is presented. The proposed NSP approach is derived from a recently developed subspace orthogonal projection (OSP) method and can be shown to be approximated by an adaptive filter with the optimal weight given by the Wiener-Hopf equation. As a result, the operator resulting from the NSP approach can be used as an OSP operator for scene classification and subpixel detection, on one hand, and also implemented as an adaptive filter, on the other. These advantages make the NSP approach very attractive in practical applications. In particular, the NSP operator takes advantage of the noise subspace projection to prevent from inverting correlation matrices, as required by an adaptive filter     

基于EM算法的极大似然分布式量化估计融合新方法

该文针对水下目标探测中的多传感器分布式量化估计融合问题,建立了分布式量化估计融合模型,在考虑信道噪声且其统计特性不完全已知条件下,充分利用EM算法在观测数据缺失时参数估计的优越性,提出了一种基于期望极大化(EM)算法的极大似然分布式量化估计融合新方法。该方法将未知的水声信道噪声参数以及局部量化器量化概率建模为EM算法中二元高斯混合模型参数,利用极大似然估计方法的估计不变性得到目标参数的估计融合结果。仿真实验表明:该方法在局部传感器观测样本数目大于5000和信噪比大于6 dB时与已有理想信道条件下的估计方法性能相当,该方法为水下目标探测中分布式量化估计融合系统的工程实现提供了理论依据。     

Formation of the Image Topological Characteristics Based on Two-Dimensional Variations and Their Application for Object and Noise Detection

A variation-based approach to formation of the topological characteristics of two-dimensional signals is proposed. Application of these characteristics for the metric estimation of the local parameters of images is considered. Concepts of the object convexity size and amplitude indices are introduced and a technique for their calculation is proposed. The use of these parameters for detecting the noise and the objects of different dimensions in grayscale and multispectral images is demonstrated. Theoretical conclusions are confirmed experimentally.

     

一种Alpha稳定分布噪声下的体积目标长度估计方法

为了解决Alpha稳定分布噪声环境下运动舰船目标的长度估计问题,该文借鉴非线性变换抑制脉冲噪声以及多普勒目标运动特性估计思想,提出基于广义时频分析(G-TFA)和最小二乘估计的运动目标长度估计方法。该方法首先利用G-TFA获取Alpha稳定分布噪声环境下运动目标的多普勒频率,然后利用最小二乘方法估计出目标航速和不同位置的横正时刻,最后利用上述估计结果计算目标长度。以广义Winger-Ville分布(G-WVD)为例,从理论上推导了G-TFA在Alpha稳定分布噪声环境下具有提取目标多普勒特征的能力,并通过仿真实验验证了该算法在中低混合信噪比下的稳健性。与现有算法相比,该文所提算法不需要估计噪声特征指数,算法性能优于基于传统时频分析的估计方法。     

Amplitude information based robust tracking method for multiple marine targets

A robust multi-Bernoulli filter based on the amplitude information of the target in sea clutter was proposed,in which the amplitude information of the target and sea clutter was exploited to improve the measurement likelihood.Therefore,the proposed approach could distinguish targets from clutter better when they were spatially close,which further enhanced the ability to track targets in marine radar detection applications.The simulation results of Swerling type Ⅰfluctuating targets tracking in K distributed sea clutter show that,the proposed algorithm is superior in performance to the robust multi-Bernoulli filter in terms of state estimation,cardinality estimation,as well as clutter rate estimation.     

An asymptotically unbiased estimator for bearings-only and Doppler-bearing target motion analysis

Bearings-only (BO) and Doppler-bearing (DB) target motion analysis (TMA) attempt to obtain a target trajectory based on bearings and on Doppler and bearing measurements, respectively, from an observer to the target. The BO-TMA and DB-TMA problems are nontrivial because the measurement equations are nonlinearly related to the target location parameters. The pseudolinear formulation provides a linear estimator solution, but the resulting location estimate is biased. The instrumental variable method and the numerical maximum likelihood approach can eliminate the bias. Their convergence behavior, however, is not easy to control. This paper proposes an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the tracking problem. The proposed method applies least squares minimization on the pseudolinear equations with a quadratic constraint on the unknown parameters. The resulting estimator is shown to be solving the generalized eigenvalue problem. The proposed solution does not require initial guesses and does not have convergence problems. Sequential forms of the proposed algorithms for both BO-TMA and DB-TMA are derived. The sequential algorithms improve the estimation accuracy as a new measurement arrives and do not require generalized eigenvalue decomposition for solution update. The proposed estimator achieves the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) asymptotically for Gaussian noise before the thresholding effect occurs.     

Estimation and detection in non-Gaussian noise using higher orderstatistics

One of the primary applications of higher order statistics has been for detection and estimation of nonGaussian signals in Gaussian noise of unknown covariance. This is motivated by the fact that higher order cumulants of Gaussian processes vanish. We study the opposite problem, namely, detection and estimation in nonGaussian noise. We estimate cumulants of nonGaussian processes in the presence of unknown deterministic and/or Gaussian signals, which allows either parametric or nonparametric estimation of the covariance of the nonGaussian noise. Our approach is to augment existing second-order detection methods using cumulants. We propose solutions for detection of deterministic signals based on matched filters and the generalized likelihood ratio test which incorporate cumulants, where the resulting solutions are valid under either detection hypotheses. This allows for single record detection and obviates the need for noise-only training records. The problem of estimating signal strength in the presence of nonGaussian noise of unknown covariance is also considered, and a cumulant-based solution is proposed which uses a single data record. Examples are used throughout to illustrate our proposed methods     

Signal interception: a unifying theoretical framework for featuredetection

The unifying framework of the spectral-correlation theory of cyclostationary signals is used to present a broad treatment of weak, random signal detection for interception purposes. The relationships among a variety of previously proposed ad hoc detectors, optimum detectors, and newly proposed detectors are established. The spectral-correlation-plane approach to the interception problem is put forth as especially promising for detection, classification, and estimation in particularly difficult environments involving unknown and changing noise levels and interference activity. A fundamental drawback of the popular radiometric methods in such environments is explained     

A signal-decomposed and interference-annihilated approach to hyperspectral target detection

A hyperspectral imaging sensor can reveal and uncover targets with very narrow diagnostic wavelengths. However, it comes at a price that it can also extract many unknown signal sources such as background and natural signatures as well as unwanted man-made objects, which cannot be identified visually or a priori. These unknown signal sources can be referred to as interferers, which generally play a more dominant role than noise in hyperspectral image analysis. Separating such interferers from signals and annihilating them subsequently prior to detection may be a more realistic approach. In many applications, the signals of interest can be further divided into desired signals for which we want to extract and undesired signals for which we want to eliminate to enhance signal detectability. This paper presents a signal-decomposed and interference-annihilated (SDIA) approach in applications of hyperspectral target detection. It treats interferers and undesired signals as separate signal sources that can be eliminated prior to target detection. In doing so, a signal-decomposed interference/noise (SDIN) model is suggested in this paper. With the proposed SDIN model, the orthogonal subspace projection-based model and the signal/background/noise model can be included as its special cases. As shown in the experiments, the SDIN model-based SDIA approach generally can improve the performance of the commonly used generalized-likelihood ratio test and constrained energy minimization approach on target detection and classification.     

Joint Doppler frequency, 2D-DOD and 2D-DOA estimation for bistatic MIMO radar in spatial coloured noise

In this paper, we address the problem of four-dimensional angle and Doppler frequency estimation for L-shaped bistatic multiple input multiple output radar in spatial coloured noise. A novel method of joint estimation of Doppler frequency, two-dimensional direction of departure and two-dimensional direction of arrival based on the propagator method is discussed. Utilising the cross-correlation matrix which is formed by the adjacent outputs of matched filter in the time domain, the special matrix is constructed to eliminate the influence of spatial coloured noise. The proposed algorithm provides lower computational complexity and has very close parameter estimation to the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and DOA-matrix algorithm in high signal-to-noise ratio and Cramér–Rao bound is given. Furthermore, multidimensional parameters can be automatically paired by this algorithm to avoid the performance degradation resulting from wrong pairing. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.