中华心血管病杂志2005年度继续教育园地思考多选题答案

第1期急性冠状动脉综合征的概念演化与治疗策略更新:1.A、B、C、D;2.A、D;3.A、B。第2期低分子肝素与血栓栓塞性疾病:1.A、B、C;2.B、C;3.D;4·A、C、D。第3期神经内分泌拮抗剂在慢性心力衰竭治疗中的常见问题:1.B;2.D;3.A;4.D。第4期心率与心血管病危险性:1.B;2.A;3.C;4.D。第5期神经内分泌拮抗治疗慢性心力衰竭的几个热点问题:1.A;2.C;3.E。第6期肾上腺髓质素与心血管病研究现状:1.B;2.C;3.D;4.D。第7期对中国2004年、欧洲2003年高血压防治指南和JNC7血压分类的比较及评价:1.B;2.C;3.B。第8期心肾综合征研究进展:1.B;2.A…     

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2012年第二届亚太地区幽门螺杆菌会议

会议主题:科学向临床医学的转化:亚太地区新千年幽门螺杆菌感染特别工作组:早期胃癌的内镜诊断和治疗;H.pylori的微生物学、免疫学和分子遗传学会议热点:H.pylori与胃癌;H.pylori的分子流行病学;H.pylori的最佳治疗方法;H.pylori感染中具有争议的问题:胃食管反流病,消化不良,NSAID肠病以及胃外疾病。时间:2012年1月13～15日     

慢性肾衰血液透析患者血浆儿茶酚胺水平及其心率变异性分析

目的 :观察心透患者血浆儿茶酚胺水平与心率变异性 ,并探讨两者的相关性。方法 :测定慢性肾衰血透患者血浆儿茶酚胺水平及记录 2 4h动态心电图 ,分析其心率变异性。结果 :慢性肾衰血液透析患者血浆多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素水平较对照组明显升高 （分别为 P <0 .0 1和 P≤ 0 .0 5 ） ;心率变异性时域指标 SDNN,SDANN ,SDNNindex及 r MSSD均较对照组明显降低 （P<0 .0 1） ;血浆多巴胺水平与 HRV呈明显的负相关 （SDNN:r=- 0 .45 ,P≤ 0 .0 1;SDANN:r=- 0 .43,P≤ 0 .0 1;SDNN index:r=- 0 .5 1,P<0 .0 1;r MSSD:r=- 0 .49,P<0 .0 1） ,血浆去甲肾上腺素水平亦呈类似的相关性。结论 :尿毒症心脏交感神经病变以血浆儿茶酚胺水平升高和心率变异性降低为特点 ,提示交感神经作用代偿性增强     

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中华心血管病杂志2004年度继续教育园地思考多选题答案

第 1期心血管超声医学的研究进展: 1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4 A。β-受体阻滞剂在心肌梗死中的应用: 1.D; 2.D; 3.A、B、C。第 2期贯彻循证医学的原则作好动脉粥样硬化的预: 1.D; 2.B、D; 3.C; 4.B、C。高血压病肾脏损害的诊断与防治: 1.A、B、C、D; 2.A、B、D; 3.D。第 3期易损斑块及易损患者的新定义及危险分层: 1.A、B、C、D; 2.A、B、C; 3.D; 4.A、B、C、D。β受体阻滞剂治疗慢性心力衰竭临床试验的启示: 1 C;2 B; 3 D; 4 A。第 4期冠心病整体防治中他汀类药物的重要地位: 1.A、B、C、D; 2.A; 3.C。高血压与心力衰…     

Levels of plasma des-γ-carboxy protein C and prothrombin in patients with liver diseases

AIM: To study the plasma des-γ-carboxy protein C activity, antigen and prothrombin levels in patients with liver diseases and their clinical significance. METHODS: Plasma protein C activity (PC:C) was detected by chromogenic assay and antigen (PC:Ag) and des-γ-carboxy protein C (DCPC) were detected by ELISA. Total prothrombin and unabsorbed prothrombin in plasma were detected by ecarin chromogenic assay. RESULTS: Compared with the control, the levels of PC:C and PC:Ag in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis (LC) were lower (PCC: 104.65&#177;23.0%,62.50&#177;24.89%, 56.75&#177;20.14%, PC:Ag: 5.31&#177;1.63 μg/mL, 2.28&#177;1.15 μg/mL, 2.43&#177;0.79 μg/mL, P&lt;0.05). The levels of PC:Ag in patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) also was lower (2.98&#177;0.91 μg/mL, P&lt;0.01), but PC:C was close to the control (93.76&#177;30.49%, P&gt;0.05). The levels of DCPC in patients with HCC were remarkably higher (0.69&#177;0.29 μg/mL,1.18&#177;0.63 μg/mL, 0.45&#177;0.21 μg/mL, P&lt;0.05) and its averagewas up to 50% of total PC:Ag. But those of DCPC in patients with AVH were not significantly different from the control. The levels of total prothrombin were lower in patients with LC, but higher in patients with HCC. The levels of unabsorbed prothrombin were predominantly higher than those of other groups. CONCLUSION: PC:C and PC:Ag in patients with liverdiseases (except PC:C in AVH) were lower. The total prothrombin was lower in patients with LC. The higher level of unabsorbed prothrombin may be used as a scanning marker for HCC. DCPC may be used as a complementary marker in the diagnosis of HCC.     

中华人民共和国国家标准(GB/T714-2005)《文后参考文献著录规范》

<正>l专著类①著录格式主要责任者.题名:其他题名信息[文献类型标志].其他责任者.版本项.出版地:出版者,出版年:引文页码[引用日期].获取和访问途径.②示例余敏.出版集团研究[M]北京:中国书籍出版社,2001:179-193.     

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白反式激活基因克隆化的研究

目的 应用抑制性消减杂交（SSH）技术构建乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白（HBX）反式激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库，克隆HBX反式激活相关基因。方法 以HBX表达质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-X转染HepG2细胞，以空载体pcDNA3.1(-)转染的HepG2细胞为对照。制备转染后的细胞裂解液，提取mRNA并逆转录为cDNA，经RsaⅠ酶切后，将实验组cDNA分成两组。分别与两组不同的接头衔接，再对照组cDNA进行两次消减杂交及两次抑制聚合酶链反应（PCR），将产物与T/A载体连接，构建cDNA消减文库，并转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增，随机挑选克隆PCR扩增后进行测序及同源性分析。结果 成功构建人HBX反式激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库；文库扩增后得到85个白色克隆，进行菌落PCR分析。均得以200-1000bp插入片段，挑取含有插入片段的65个克隆进行测序，并通过生物信息学分析获得19种已知基因序列。和15个未知基因。结论 应用SSH技术成功构建了HBX反式激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库，该文库的建立为进一步阐明HBX反式调节的靶基因及致肝细胞癌发生的分子生物学机制提供理论依据。     

应用抑制性消减杂交技术克隆乙型肝炎病毒全S蛋白反式激活基因

目的应用抑制性消减杂交(SSH)技术构建乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)全S蛋白反式激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库,克隆HBV全S蛋白反式激活相关基因.方法以HBV全S表达质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-全S转染HepG2细胞,以空载体pcDNA3.1(-)为对照;制备转染后的细胞裂解液,从中提取mRNA并逆转录为cDNA,经RsaI酶切后将实验组cDNA分成两组,分别与两种不同的接头衔接,再与对照组cDNA进行两次消减杂交及两次抑制性PCR,将产物与T/A载体连接,构建cDNA消减文库,并转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增,随机挑选克隆PCR扩增后进行测序及同源性分析.结果成功构建人HBV全S蛋白反式激活基因差异表达的cD-NA消减文库.文库扩增后得到86个白色克隆,进行菌落PCR分析,均得到100-1000 bp插入片段.挑取35个含有插入片段的阳性克隆测序分析,获得33个已知基因序列,和2个未知基因,通过生物信息学分析获得其全长序列,其中之一命名为全S蛋白反式激活基因1(CSTP1),已在GenBank中注册,注册号:AY553877.未知基因的功能还正在研究中.结论应用SSH技术成功构建了HBV全S反式激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库.该文库的建立为进一步阐明HBV全S反式调节的靶基因及致肝病发生的分子生物学机制提供理论依据.     

人胰腺癌抑制消减cDNA文库的构建

目的应用抑制消减杂交技术(SSH)构建胰腺癌和正常胰腺组织间差异表达的抑制消减cDNA文库。方法分别提取胰腺癌(tester)和癌旁正常胰腺组织(driver)中的总RNA和mRNA．合成双链cDNA，经RsaI酶切后，将胰腺癌双链cDNA分为两组，分别加上不同的接头，再与正常胰腺组织cDNA进行两次消减杂交及两次抑制性PCR，分离出胰腺癌差异表达基因的cDNA片段。将该差异表达片段克隆至T／A载体，并转化大肠杆菌TOP10F’，经蓝白斑筛选后，再用PcR方法筛选阳性克隆，从而构建胰腺癌抑制消减cDNA文库。结果文库扩增后得到257个白色克隆，随机挑取50个阳性克隆进行PCR扩增分析，其中47个克隆有插入片段．克隆阳性率为94％，片段大小主要集中在300～600bp之间。结论成功构建了人胰腺癌抑制消减cDNA文库，为进一步筛选、克隆胰腺癌特异性表达基因奠定了基础。     

应用SSH技术研究H_2O_2胁迫下细粒棘球蚴基因的表达

目的构建H2O2胁迫下细粒棘球蚴(Echinococcus granulosus)与正常组织差异表达的消减cDNA文库。方法以H2O2胁迫细粒棘球蚴cDNA为试验方(tester),正常生长的细粒棘球蚴cDNA为驱动方(driver),应用抑制性消减杂交技术(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)研究H2O2胁迫下细粒棘球蚴基因的表达。结果文库扩增后得到124个阳性克隆,菌落PCR分析,均得到200~1000bp插入片段。将整个文库克隆进行测序,测得序列结果利用BLAST在线软件与GenBank数据库进行同源序列比对分析和BlastX分析。结果获得重要基因的cDNA序列,如氧化还原酶、蛋白激酶、生长因子等。另有部分克隆在GenBank中无法查到对应的同源基因,可能代表了新基因。结论成功构建了H2O2胁迫与正常组织差异表达的消减cDNA文库,为研究细粒棘球蚴在抗氧化过程中的相关靶基因筛选奠定基础。     

应用抑制性消减杂交技术筛选转化生长因子β1刺激LX02细胞的反式调节基因

目的 构建转化生长因子(TGF)β1刺激大鼠肝星状细胞(LX02)反式调节基因的cDNA消减文库,筛选并克隆TGF β1反式调节相关基因,以阐明TGF β1介导肝纤维化的分子生物学机制.方法 以TGF β1刺激LX02细胞,同时以磷酸盐缓冲液刺激的LX02细胞作为对照.提取mRNA并逆转录为cDNA,经Rsa Ⅰ酶切后,将实验组cDNA分成两组,分别与两种不同的接头衔接,再与对照组cDNA进行两次消减杂交及两次抑制性多聚酶链反应.将产物与pGEM-Teasy载体连接,构建cDNA消减文库,并转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增;随机挑选克隆经PCR扩增后进行测序及同源性分析. 结果成功构建了TGF β1刺激LX02细胞反式调节基因的cDNA消减文库.文库扩增后得到146个200～1000bp插入片段的阳性克隆;随机挑取其中35个克隆进行测序,30个列序成功,并通过生物信息学分析发现有28个与已知基因序列和2个与未知功能基因序列高度同源.结论 应用抑制性消减杂交技术成功构建了TGF β1刺激LX02细胞反式调节基因的cDNA消减文库,筛选到一些与细胞生长调节、蛋白质合成,信号传导、细胞外基质代谢、扰脂质过氧化等密切相关的蛋白质编码基因,为进一步阐明TGF β1介导肝纤维化的分子生物学机制提供了线索.     

应用抑制性消减杂交技术筛选丙型肝炎病毒E1蛋白反式激活基因

目的　应用抑制性消减杂交 (SSH)技术构建丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)E1蛋白反式激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库 ,克隆HCVE1蛋白反式激活相关基因。方法　以HCVE1表达质粒pcDNA3 .1( -) E1转染肝母细胞瘤细胞系HepG2细胞 ,以空载体pcDNA3 .1( -)为对照 ;制备转染后的细胞裂解液 ,从中提取mRNA并逆转录为cDNA ,经RsaI酶切后将实验组cDNA分成 2组 ,分别与 2种不同的接头衔接 ,再与对照组cDNA进行 2次消减杂交及 2次抑制性PCR ,将产物与T/A载体连接 ,构建cDNA消减文库 ,并转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增 ,随机挑选克隆PCR扩增后进行测序及同源性分析。结果　成功构建人HCVE1蛋白反式激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库。文库扩增后得到 89个阳性克隆 ,进行菌落PCR分析 ,均得到 10 0 10 0 0bp插入片段。挑取 46个含有插入片段的阳性克隆测序分析 ,获得 44个已知基因序列和 2个未知基因。通过生物信息学分析获得其全长序列 ,已被GenBank收录。结论　应用SSH技术成功构建了HCVE1反式激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库。该文库的建立为进一步阐明HCVE1反式调节的靶基因及致肝脏疾病发生的分子生物学机制提供理论依据     

Screening and cloning for proteins transactivated by the PS1TP5 protein of hepatitis B virus： A suppression subtractive hybridization study

AIM:To clone and identify human genes transactivated by PS1TP5 by constructing a cDNA subtractive library with suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH)technique.METHODS:SSH and bioinformatics techniques were used for screening and cloning of the target genes transactivated by PS1TP5 protein.The mRNA was isolated from HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-myc-his(A)-PS1TP5 and pcDNA3.1(-)-myc-his(A)empty vector,respectively,and SSH technique was employed to analyze the differentially expressed DNA sequence between the two groups.After digestion with restriction enzyme RsaⅠ,small size cDNAs were obtained.Then tester cDNA was divided into two groups and ligated to the specific adaptor 1 and adaptor 2,respectively.The tester cDNA was hybridized with driver cDNA twice and subjected to nested PCR for two times,and then subcloned into T/A plasmid vectors to set up the subtractive library.Amplification of the library was carried out with E.coli strain DH5α.The cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with Vector NTI 9.1 and NCBI BLAST software after PCR amplification.RESULTS:The subtractive library of genes transactivated by PS1TP5 was constructed successfully.The amplified library contained 90 positive clones.Colony PCR showed that 70 clones contained 200-1000-bp inserts.Sequence analysis was performed in 30 clones randomly,and the full-length sequences were obtained by bioinformatics technique.Altogether 24 coding sequences were obtained,which consisted of 23 known and 1 unknown.One novel gene with unknown functions was found and named as PS1TP5TP1 after being electronically spliced,and deposited in GenBank(accession number:DQ487761).CONCLUSION:PS1TP5 is closely correlated with immunoregulation,carbohydrate metabolism,signal transduction,formation mechanism of hepatic fibrosis,and occurrence and development of tumor.Understanding PS1TP5 transactive proteins may help to bring some new clues for further studying the biological functions of pre-S1 protein.     

丙型肝炎病毒非结构蛋白NS4B反式激活基因的克隆化研究

目的应用抑制性消减杂交(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术构建丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)非结构蛋白4B(NS4B)转染细胞差异表达cDNA消减文库,克隆HCV NS4B蛋白反式激活相关基因.方法以HCV NS4B表达质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-NS4B转染HepG2细胞,以空载体pcDNA3.1(-)为对照,制备转染后的细胞裂解液,提取mRNA并逆转录为cDNA,进行抑制性消减杂交分析.将富集的二次PCR产物与T/A载体连接,并转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增,随机挑取克隆聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增后进行测序及同源性分析.结果文库扩增后得到33个阳性克隆,经菌落PCR分析显示其中28个克隆含有大小不等的200～1000 bp插入片段.测序及同源性分析显示,12种已知基因编码蛋白,包括一些与细胞周期、信号传导及肿瘤发生等细胞生长调节密切相关的蛋白编码基因,可能是NS4B反式激活靶基因.结论成功构建了HCV NS4B反式激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库,为进一步阐明HCV NS4B反式调节的靶基因在肝炎、肝纤维化和肝细胞癌发生的分子生物学机制提供理论依据.     

Study of transactivating effect of pre-S2 protein of hepatitis B virus and cloning of genes transactivated by pre-S2 protein with suppression subtractive hybridization

AIM: To investigate the transactivating effect of pre-S2 protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and construct a subtractive cDNA library of genes transactivated by pre-S2 protein with suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique, and to pave the way for elucidating the pathogenesis of HBV infection. METHODS: pcDNA3.1(-)-pre-S2 containing pre-S2 region of HBV genome was constructed by routine molecular methods. HepG2 cells were cotransfected with pcDNA3.1 (-)-pre-S2/pSV-lacZ and empty pcDNA3.1(-)/pSV-lacZ. After 48 h, cells were collected and detected for the expression of β-galactosidase (β-gal). SSH and bioinformatics techniques were used, the mRNA of HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-pre-S2 and pcDNA3.1(-) empty vector was isolated, respectively, cDNA was synthesized. After digestion with restriction enzyme RsaI, cDNA fragments were obtained. Tester cDNA was then divided into two groups and ligated to the specific adaptor 1 and adaptor 2, respectively. After tester cDNA was hybridized with driver cDNA twice and underwent two times of nested PCR, amplified cDNA fragments were subcloned into pGEM-Teasy vectors to set up the subtractive library. Amplification of the library was carried out with E.coli strain DH5oα. The cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with Blast search after PCR. RESULTS: The pre-S2 mRNA could be detected in HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-pre-S2 plasmid. The activity of β-gal in HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (-)-pre-S2/pSV-lacZ was 7.0 times higher than that of control plasmid (P<0.01). The subtractive library of genes transactivated by HBV pre-S2 protein was constructed successfully. The amplified library contains 96 positive clones. Colony PCR showed that 86 clones contained 200-1 000 bp inserts. Sequence analysis was performed in 50 clones randomly, and the full length sequences were obtained with bioinformatics method and searched for homologous DNA sequence from GenBank, altogether 25 coding sequences were obtained, these cDNA sequences might be the target genes transactivated by pre-S2 protein. CONCLUSION: The pre-S2 protein of HBV has transactivating effect on SV40 early promoter. The obtained sequences may be target genes transactivated by pre-S2 protein among which some genes coding proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, immunity, signal transduction and cell apoptosis.This finding brings some new clues for studying the biological functions of pre-S2 protein and further understanding of HBV hepatocarcinogesis.