微孔MgO耐火材料对钢液洁净度的影响

通过浸泡实验研究了3种镁质(致密镁质、微孔MgO质、镁碳质)耐火材料与超低碳钢液(1 560℃)的相互作用,考察了不同浸泡时间(0～35 min)钢中O、N、C和Al、Si、Mn含量及钢中夹杂物的成分、数量、分布等特征的变化,并对耐火材料与钢的界面层进行了观测和分析。结果表明,随着浸泡时间的延长,3组钢中氧含量均先升高再降低,均对钢液有一定的污染,钢中夹杂物的数量增加,夹杂物种类由Al_2O_3-MnO夹杂逐渐转变为Al-Mg-Si-Mn-O复合夹杂。与致密镁质耐火材料相比,微孔MgO质和镁碳质耐火材料与钢的界面处分别能形成连续的镁铝尖晶石层和致密的MgO层,有助于降低耐火材料的侵蚀以及对钢液的污染。此外,与不含碳的镁质耐火材料相比,镁碳质耐火材料对钢液增碳严重。因此,微孔MgO质耐火材料不仅对钢液的二次污染小、不会向钢液增碳,而且还可以吸附钢中氧化铝夹杂,更有利于超低碳洁净钢的生产。     

不同碳含量的MgO-C耐火材料与超低碳钢液的相互作用

研究了3种C含量的(3%、5%、10%,质量分数)MgO-C耐火材料与超低碳钢的相互作用。利用ICPAES、氧氮分析仪、碳硫分析仪检测了与实验MgO-C耐火材料接触的钢液的成分,用XRD分析了耐火材料反应前后的物相变化,并利用SEM观察了耐火材料/钢界面。结果表明,随着镁碳耐火材料中C含量的增加,耐火材料/钢界面附近的渗透层厚度增加;反应后钢液中的C、N、Al含量以及Mg含量随着耐火材料中C含量的增加而增加,钢中O含量随之降低;反应前后的镁碳耐火材料都有镁铝尖晶石的存在,高C含量的耐火材料反应后镁铝尖晶石含量增加,因此低碳镁碳耐火材料更有利于超低碳钢的生产。     

中间包微孔MgO耐火材料与钢液反应行为

为了评估新型中间包微孔MgO耐火材料与钢液的反应性,系统测定了不同钢液与微孔MgO耐火材料表观接触角,研究了界面化学反应产物以及钢中夹杂物组成的变化.结果 表明:含硫钢在微孔MgO耐火材料上铺展性最好,帘线钢次之,模具钢最差,主要是表面活性元素S降低了钢液表面张力所致;熔钢与耐火材料的界面行为中既包含了物理渗透又包含了...     

MgO与低密度钢液相互作用及其对夹杂物的影响

 为了研究高锰高铝低密度钢液与耐火材料间的相互作用规律,以Fe-20Mn-10Al-C(20%Mn、10%Al)低密度钢液与MgO耐火材料棒在1 600 ℃时界面反应为研究对象,分别反应30和60 min后对MgO耐火材料的微观结构以及钢中非金属夹杂物特征进行了观察。结果表明,反应后MgO耐火材料转变为3层结构,分别为致密的MgO·Al₂O₃尖晶石界面层,尖晶石颗粒、钙铝酸盐和MgO颗粒组成的过渡层以及MgO颗粒组成的原始层,且随着反应时间的增加,尖晶石界面层厚度增加;在高锰高铝低密度钢液与MgO耐火材料的相互作用下,钢中非金属夹杂物主要包括单一MgO·Al₂O₃夹杂、AlN夹杂、MgS夹杂和MgO·Al₂O₃-AlN、MgO·Al₂O₃-MgS等复合夹杂物。     

钢包耐火材料对帘线钢中夹杂物的影响

分别使用镁钙质和镁碳质两种钢包包衬,对帘线钢进行了LF精炼。利用Aspex扫描电镜,研究分析了不同镁质耐材料对钢中夹杂物成分、尺寸及数量的影响,并通过FactSage热力学计算对夹杂物的变化规律进行了解释。结果表明,LF精炼开始阶段,夹杂物主要以SiO_2-MnO为主;随着冶炼的进行,镁钙质包衬炉次的夹杂物中Al_2O_3、CaO及MgO含量有所上升,而镁碳质包衬炉次中夹杂物成分基本不变。使用不同包衬时,软吹开始之后,钢中夹杂物数密度都趋于稳定值8个/mm~2,而夹杂物平均尺寸变化则不同。使用镁碳质包衬时夹杂物平均尺寸相对较高,软吹开始时达到峰值2.5μm左右;而使用镁钙质包衬时,夹杂物尺寸最终稳定在1.0μm左右。随着钢中Al含量的增加,夹杂物中Al_2O_3含量逐渐增加,SiO_2含量逐渐下降, CaO和MnO的含量几乎不变。     

Q345精炼过程中非金属夹杂物生成热力学及工业实践

Q345钢采用铝硅锰复合脱氧,在LF精炼过程中,钢—渣—夹杂物—耐火材料—合金—空气多元体系下夹杂物成分会发生转变。由于纯铁液脱氧热力学不能指导工业生产实践,且目前实际钢液的脱氧热力学没有系统化,需要进行深入研究。结合Factsage7. 0热力学计算,分析了Q345钢LF精炼脱氧、耐材侵蚀、钙处理等引起的钢液[Al]、[Si]、[Mg]、[Ca]含量变化对夹杂物成分的影响。转炉出钢采用铝硅锰复合脱氧,脱氧产物主要为Al2O3,随着钢中[Mg]含量上升,夹杂物由Al2O3转变为MgO·Al2O3尖晶石。钙处理会将夹杂物由MgO·Al2O3尖晶石转变为液态Ca-Al-Mg氧化物,但当喂钙过量时,夹杂物中CaO含量偏高,会影响夹杂物改性效果。利用Factsage7. 0热力学软件分析出的夹杂物成分与直接检测结果一致。     

Mg处理钢生成细小尖晶石夹杂物的研究

采用热力学方法对镁处理钢中夹杂物的变性进行了计算,计算结果表明,钢中w(Al3)=0.02%～0.05%,只要有微量镁的存在,就有可能生成单独的MgO·Al2O3.在热力学计算的基础上,对轴承钢进行了镁铝合金脱氧实验研究,结果表明镁铝合金处理钢液后,钢中的夹杂物主要以MgO·Al2O3夹杂物为主,随机分布在钢中,这种尺寸细小的尖晶石夹杂物对钢的疲劳等性能有害程度很小.溶解在轴承钢中的镁起到了球化碳化物的作用,并且随着镁铝合金中镁含量的增加,这种效果越明显.     

超低氧冶炼过程镁铝尖晶石形成的热力学分析与控制

 对超低氧试验钢精炼过程中镁铝尖晶石的形成机制和生成热力学计算分析表明：1873K时,MgO-Al2O3二元系夹杂物中MgO的质量分数超过17%时就能生成镁铝尖晶石;采用高碱度、w((CaO))/w((Al2O3))≈1、强还原性精炼顶渣对铝终脱氧钢液进行LF精炼时,在LF精炼中前期就实现Al2O3向MgO·Al2O3尖晶石的转变;钢液中的镁则是实现Al2O3向MgO·Al2O3尖晶石转变的中介和桥梁。而钢中镁含量是由酸溶铝控制的。因此,保持钢液中足够的铝含量是镁铝尖晶石生成的前提。生产过程中,当钢液的w(［Al］)达到0.03%时,w(［Mg］)只需要1.32×10-7以上就能生成MgO·Al2O3尖晶石。     

S48LF精炼过程夹杂物组成变化的研究

采用MoSi2电阻炉在MgO质坩锅内研究了S48钢在LF精炼过程中夹杂物的组成和氧含量的变化情况。结果表明,随恒温时间的延长,钢液中的氧含量逐渐降低,夹杂物组成经历了由Al2O3→一铝酸钙＋Al2O3＋MgO→MgO变化过程,绝大多数夹杂物呈球形,尺寸一般不超过10μm。     

超低氧含量弹簧钢中非金属夹杂物的控制

为了减小夹杂物对Al脱氧弹簧钢的危害,通过钢渣之间、钢液和夹杂物之间的反应尽快使脱氧产物Al2O3夹杂变性为低熔点的铝酸钙夹杂.炉渣ω(CaO)/ω(MgO)高,夹杂物更容易转变为铝酸钙夹杂物,炉渣ω(CaO)/ω(MgO)大于8时,在LF精炼中期,夹杂物已经由MgO·Al2O3尖晶石向铝酸钙转变;炉渣的氧化性延缓了夹杂物向铝酸钙的转变;钢液S、Al含量低,夹杂物更容易控制在低熔点区域内.随着钢液T.O的降低,夹杂物中氧化物夹杂占的比例逐渐减少,CaS夹杂占的比例逐渐增加.     

真空感应熔炼AerMet100超高强度钢脱氮实验研究

摘要：通过取样检测并结合热力学和动力学计算研究了氧化镁质（MgO）、镁铝尖晶石质（MgO·Al2O3）和氧化钙质（CaO）3种坩埚和2种真空压力（50~100Pa和5~10Pa）对AerMet100超高强度钢脱氮的影响。实验结果表明：随着精炼时间增加,3种坩埚在2种真空压力下的钢液中N质量分数都逐渐减少。相比之下,CaO坩埚脱氮效果最佳,2种真空压力下30min时N质量分数均减少到0.0005%。动力学计算结果表明：MgO和MgO·Al2O3坩埚在2种真空压力下的钢液中O和S活度较高,脱氮反应均服从2级,即钢液脱氮受界面化学反应控制;而CaO坩埚在2种真空压力下的钢液中O和S活度较低,脱氮反应均服从1~5级,即钢液脱氮由液相边界层传质和界面化学反应共同控制。此外,减小真空压力,脱氮速率加快,有利于钢液脱氮。     

A study on the mechanism of reaction between refractory materials and aluminium deoxidised molten steel

The conditions of formation of inclusions in steel during ladle refining in MgO-C lined ladles have been investigated in laboratory experiments at 1873 K in MgO-C crucibles with 50 g iron. From both the experimental results as well those of a thermodynamic study conducted in parallel, the following conclusions can be made about the reaction mechanism between the MgO-C refractory and aluminium deoxidised molten steel: At steelmaking temperature an internal oxidation-reduction occurs in the MgO-C refractory. The formation of a thin oxide layer at the interface is due to the reaction between magnesium vapour and aluminium dissolved into the molten steel and the CO(g) generated by the reaction between MgO and C in the crucible walls. The oxide inclusions formed in the steel have been shown mainly to consist of MgO, Al₂O₃ or mixture of them. Some of the finest inclusions are considered to be formed as secondary inclusions during cooling and solidification of the steel and they are connected only with the diffusion of magnesium from the crucible to the molten steel. The thermodynamic calculations indicate that during vacuum refining, as the pressure decreases, the chemical compatibility of carbon-bonded magnesia for ladle lining decreases.     

Analysis of formation mechanism about Ca-Mg-Al spinel type inclusions in cold thin rolling sheet

The cracking of ultra low carbon Al deoxidized killed steel during cold rolling and stamping was analyzed by SEM and EDS. It was determined that the main inclusions consisted of Al2O3, CaO and MgO, which are Ca-Mg-Al spinel inclusions. The composition of the ladle top slag and corrosion of the tundish covering agent and coating were investigated, and the source of inclusions was discussed. It was found that Al2O3 is the product of deoxidation and secondary oxidation. The source of CaO is the reaction between CaO of higher activity in slag with acid soluble aluminum Als in molten steel, which leads to the entry of element Ca into molten steel and the formation of CaO with oxygen in molten steel. The reaction of MgO, which comes from MgO in tundish covering slag and MgO corroded from tundish coating, with Als in molten steel leads to element Mg entering molten steel, and then MgO is formed with oxygen in molten steel.     

冷轧薄板钙镁铝尖晶石类夹杂物成因分析

摘要：针对超低碳铝脱氧镇静钢在冷轧冲压过程中出现开裂情况进行了电镜和能谱成分分析,确定了主要夹杂物含有Al2O3、CaO及MgO,为钙镁铝尖晶石类夹杂物。研究了该问题炉次的钢包顶渣组分、中间包覆盖剂及涂层侵蚀情况,讨论了夹杂物的来源。结果显示,Al2O3为脱氧产物及二次氧化的产物;CaO的来源为渣中较高活度的CaO与钢水中酸溶铝Als反应导致Ca元素进入钢水,进而与钢水中的O生成CaO。MgO主要为中间包覆盖剂氧化镁及涂层融蚀的氧化镁进入中间包渣系,与钢水中的Als反应导致Mg元素进入钢水,再与钢水中的O生成MgO。     

钢包耐材对钢中夹杂物的影响及优化

承钢120 t钢包耐材主要采用铝镁碳质、镁碳质和刚玉质预制块砌筑而成.分析了耐火材料中各组分与钢水的作用及影响机理,研究了钢包耐火材料对钢水中的球状氧化物夹杂、硫化物夹杂、A12 03夹杂等形成的影响.随着钢包使用次数的增加,钢中的夹杂物尺寸、数目均呈上升趋势,提出了减少钢水中夹杂物的具体措施.     

Effect of Rare-Earth Oxides Containing Refractories on the Cleanliness of Al-Killed Steels

Refractories have a significant impact on the cleanliness of molten steel, especially when utilized as ceramic filters. To explore the feasibility of applying rare-earth oxides in ceramic filters, the interactions between CeO₂/CeAlO₃ functional refractories and steels with different Al contents are explored, and compared with the microporous magnesia refractory. In the test of CeO₂ refractory, the total oxygen (T.O) content significantly increases, while the dissolved Al content obviously decreases in 38CrMoAl steel (0.876 wt% [Al]). Furthermore, the T.O contents in 38CrMoAl and X70 steel (0.040 wt% [Al]) in the test of CeAlO₃ refractory are 22.9% and 70.9% of that in the test of microporous magnesia refractory, respectively. Meanwhile, the loss of dissolved Al in steel caused by the interaction between CeAlO₃ refractory and steel is relatively small. Therefore, CeAlO₃ is relatively stable after contact with molten steel and promising to be applicated in the ceramic filter for improving the cleanliness of molten steel.     

Interaction between molten steel and different kinds of MgO based tundish linings

Abstract

Interactions between the molten steel and the refractory linings are of fundamental importance for the steelmaking industry. During the casting process, the steel cleanliness can be made worse because of the reoxidation of the molten steel in contact with the atmosphere and/or other sources of oxygen (refractories, top slag, etc.). In the industrial trial periods, four tundish refractory linings (preformed boards, two kinds of gunning materials and dry vibrating material, all MgO based refractories) were used in order to evaluate the interactions between the refractories and the molten steel. Owing to the small dimension of the tundish (5 ton) used in the continuous casting at Villares Metals SA, after casting, the chilled steel was cut in order to show, in a single section, the stopper, submerged entry nozzle, MgO ramming and the working refractory lining. Cross-sections of samples from the steel/refractory interface were investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Four major aspects were observed at the steel/refractory interface: steel infiltration into the tundish refractory lining, mainly in the gunning materials; a steel oxidised layer formed at the steel/refractory lining interface; formation of a spinel layer between steel and tundish working refractory lining; and many particles were found in the steel phase, near to the steel/refractory interface, being a potential source of non-metallic inclusions.     

Dissolution Behavior of Mg from Magnesia-Chromite Refractory into Al-killed Molten Steel

Magnesia-chromite refractory materials are widely employed in steel production, and are considered a potential MgO source for the generation of MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel inclusions in steel melts. In this study, a square magnesia-chromite refractory rod was immersed into molten steel of various compositions held in an Al₂O₃ crucibles. As the immersion time was extended, Mg and Cr gradually dissolved from the magnesia-chromite refractory, and the Mg and Cr contents of the steel melts increased. However, it was found that the inclusions in the steel melts remained as almost pure Al₂O₃ because the Mg content of the steel melts was low, approximately 1 ppm. On the surface of the magnesia-chromite refractory, an MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel layer with a variable composition was formed, and the thickness of the MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel layer increased with the immersion time and the Al content of the steel melts. At the rod interface, the formed layer consisted of MgO-saturated MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel. The MgO content decreased along the thickness direction of the layer, and at the steel melts interface, the formed layer consisted of Al₂O₃-saturated MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel. Therefore, the low content of Mg in steel melts and the unchanged inclusions were because of the equilibrium between Al₂O₃-saturated MgO·Al₂O₃ layer and Al₂O₃. In addition, the effects of the Al and Cr contents of the steel melts on the dissolution of Mg from the magnesia-chromite refractory are insignificant.