含Y_2O_3电渣重熔渣系对CLAM钢组织及力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等分析手段研究了不同含Y_2O_3渣系对Y-CLAM钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明:相比于70CaF_2-30Y_2O_3渣系电渣重熔后的Y1-CLAM钢,经40CaF_2-30CaO-30Y_2O_3渣系电渣重熔后的Y2-CLAM钢具有更高质量分数的Y,即适度提高渣系中CaO质量分数可提高Y-CLAM钢中Y元素收得率;在相同的热处理制度下,Y1-CLAM钢和Y2-CLAM钢均为回火马氏体组织;2炉实验钢晶粒尺寸、抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率相近,但Y2-CLAM钢室温冲击功明显高于Y1-CLAM钢;Y2-CLAM钢韧脆转变温度(DBTT)比Y1-CLAM钢降低了12℃。     

电渣重熔高温合金渣系对冶金质量的影响

 电渣重熔渣系的组成直接关系到高温合金的冶炼质量和表面质量。分析了高温合金电渣重熔渣系选择的基本要求和组成特点,确定了高温合金电渣重熔常用渣系的基本类型。通过研究高温合金电渣重熔渣系对冶金质量的影响可知：高碱度渣系具有较好的脱硫效果;为了降低渣料中的不稳定氧化物,应在使用前对萤石进行提纯;可以采用改变渣系组元和加入铝粉的方法,从而减少铝、钛等易氧化元素的烧损;选择低熔点渣系,可有效减少和避免含钛高温合金在电渣重熔过程中易出现的锭身表面渣沟、腰带缺陷、锭身分流眼等表面缺陷。提出的高钛低铝型高温合金电渣重熔渣系配比（质量分数）为：CaF2 65%～70%、[Al2O3]12%～15%、[CaO]12%～15%、[MgO]3%～8%、[TiO2]2%～5%。高铝低钛型高温合金电渣重熔渣系配比（质量分数）为：[CaF2]60%～65%、[A12O3]15%～20%、[CaO]15%～20%、[MgO]0～5%、[TiO2]0%～2%。     

电渣重熔高氮钢的洁净度研究

对高氮钢电渣重熔前后夹杂物进行对比研究,分析不同渣系和自耗电极氧含量对重熔后夹杂物的影响。研究发现,不同渣系对电渣钢的洁净度影响很大,适当提高w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)可有效降低电渣锭中的夹杂物和全氧量。不同氧含量的自耗电极进行重熔后,电渣锭全氧量及夹杂物种类和组成成分差别不大,夹杂物成分中w(MnO)/w(MnO+Al2O3)≈0.23~0.32,自耗电极中的氧含量与电渣重熔的洁净度没有直接关系,采用氧质量分数为(40~100)×10-6的不同自耗电极,电渣重熔后氧质量分数始终保持在(20~30)×10-6。     

H13模具钢电渣重熔过程Mg的烧损动力学

研究了电渣重熔过程,H13模具钢中镁含量变化。结果表明:CaF2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-SiO2渣系下,重熔过程中Mg的总烧损量达到90%左右,其中50%发生在电极在渣池内熔化阶段;[Mg2+]由渣-钢界面向渣中的传质为Mg烧损的限制性环节;计算得到了CaF2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-SiO2渣系中[Mg2+]的传质参数为8.36×10-4mm/s。     

Inconel718高温合金电渣重熔铝钛元素烧损热力学分析

 为了研究Inconel718高温合金电渣重熔过程中渣系各组元对合金中易氧化元素铝、钛的影响，以五元渣系CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2为基，通过分子与离子共存理论，根据渣金界面中各组元的平衡反应和物质守恒，建立了Inconel718高温合金电渣重熔过程中渣金界面铝、钛元素氧化反应的热力学模型。通过分析该模型并对模型结果进行渣金平衡验证试验，验证了模型的有效性。研究结果表明，渣中CaF2、MgO质量分数的变化对合金中铝、钛元素的影响很小；渣中Al2O3有烧钛增铝的作用，TiO2有烧铝增钛的作用，CaO能够抑制铝元素的烧损；能够有效减少Inconel718高温合金电渣重熔过程中铝、钛元素烧损的渣系配比为CaO质量分数为20%～25%、TiO2质量分数为4%～6%、MgO质量分数为1%～4%、CaF2质量分数为50%～60%、Al2O3质量分数为15%～20%。     

电渣重熔锭ANF-6熔渣渣皮形成的分析

在 16 0kW ,Φ10 0mm× 35 0mm结晶器电渣炉对 4 5钢 2 6 0kg锭重熔过程中形成的 5mm厚ANF 6熔渣 (70 %CaF2 +30 %Al2 O3 )渣皮成分和岩相分析表明 ,渣皮有分层现象 ,靠近结晶器一侧和靠近电渣锭一侧渣皮中的Al2 O3 含量较高 ,为 6 9 2 4 %～ 75 6 2 % ,CaF2 为 2 1 4 6 %～ 2 8 36 % ,渣皮中心 3mm处Al2 O3 含量仅为15 84 % ,CaF2 含量为 81 0 6 %。提出重熔锭上周缘形成“环形小熔池”的熔渣凝固机理 ;采用过冷度大 ,熔点低的熔渣所重熔的电渣钢锭的表面质量比采用熔点高、过冷度小的熔渣的电渣锭表面质量高。     

钢包精炼用石灰基调渣剂的脱硫实验研究

为提高钢包渣的脱硫能力,分别配制CaF2 CaO系和B2O3 CaO系的石灰基调渣剂,通过调质渣对钢液脱硫实验,分析了不同调渣剂配比对脱硫能力的影响。结果表明,CaF2 CaO系要控制w(CaF2)=10％～20％,B2O3 CaO系要控制w(B2O3)=25％～50％,符合该成分范围的２种调渣剂均能有效提高钢包渣的脱硫能力,进一步降低钢水中硫的质量分数。     

浅析GH2132合金电渣重熔Ф550mm锭型中渣系对钛烧损的影响

GH2132合金是15Cr-25Ni-Fe为基的高Ti低Al型高温合金。用四元渣系（CaF2：Al2O3：MgO：TiO2=76：10：6：8（％））来电渣重熔D550mmGH2132合金，结果我们发现，Ti烧损特别严重；改用二元渣系（CaF2：Al2O3=70：30（％）），另外加大约5％的TiO2来重熔Ф550mm锭型。结果发现，在Ф550mm结晶器中，采用二元渣系对Ti的烧损小于四元渣系。     

电渣重熔过程中渣成分变化及钢中氧含量预测

利用XRF和XRD技术分析了电渣重熔过程中不同时间所取渣样的化学成分和物相结构。XRF分析得到电渣重熔过程中渣中Al2O3、CaF2、CaO、SiO2、FeO等成分含量随熔炼时间的动态变化。XRD分析表明:凝固的渣中存在11CaO·7Al2O3·CaF2、12CaO·7Al2O3、CaSiO3等高熔点物质,导致炉渣性质发生变化。根据熔渣化学成分,参考CaF2-CaO-Al2O3渣系的等电导率图和等黏度图,得到了电渣的比电阻和黏度随冶炼时间的变化情况。采用炉渣结构共存理论建立了温度为1 923和1 973K时与渣中Al2O3平衡的钢液中[Al]-[O]平衡关系图。计算结果显示,针对实验研究的钢种,当钢中酸溶铝含量w[Al]s在0.000 1%~1%范围内时,钢液中溶解氧含量随着w[Al]s的增加先减小后增大,当钢中w[Al]s达到0.25%时,钢液中w[O]最小。在实验条件下,因渣成分变化导致的钢中w[O]的波动范围是0.25×10-6~0.48×10-6。     

渣成分对高温合金0Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAIVB电渣重熔Ti烧损率和钢锭表面质量的影响

试验分析了2．5t电渣炉使用4种成分熔渣重熔0Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAIVB合金时的Ti烧损率。试验结果表明，4种渣系中75％CaF2-15％Al2O3-10％CaO三元提纯渣的Ti烧损率最低，为7．0％，并且避免了70％CaF2-30％Al2O3的二元渣系重熔钢锭表面渣沟等缺陷。     

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In order to accurately control the rare earth content in liquid steel in electroslag remelting (ESR) process, according to the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT) of slag structure and corresponding phase diagrams, a thermodynamic calculating model for the evaluation of mass action concentrations (designated by Ni for structure unit i) for La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2 slag system was formulated. The results show that the calculated values of NLa2O3 are in good agreement with the reported measured values, indicating that this calculating model can wholly embody the characteristics of the slag system. The activity of La2O3 decreases with the increasing of the Al2O3 and CaF2 content, and Al2O3 is stronger than CaF2 in decreasing the activity of La2O3. But the activity of La2O3 increase with the increasing in temperature at the composition range of 30% La2O3, 20% Al2O3, 50% CaF2. Above all, the activity of La2O3 in La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2 slag system can be quantitatively analyzed by this thermodynamic model, and this model can provide a theoretical basis for precisely controlling the lanthanum content in molten steel in ESR process.     

Mechanism of Slag Composition Change During Electroslag Remelting Process

 The mass loss rate of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO slag system originated from ANF-6 was studied with CaF2, CaO, Al2O3, SiO2 or MgO content as variables. The method of quadratic regression orthogonal design was used for the design and analysis of the experiment. The experimental results indicated that mass loss rate of slag can be increased by 6% with CaF2 changing from 50% to 65%. Mass loss increases with SiO2, Al2O3 and MgO adding and decreases with CaO content increasing. Because of the reaction between oxide and fluoride in the slag pool, apparent mass loss of CaF2-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-MgO slag system appears at melting point. This will cause obvious composition change of electroslag. In addition, the segregation occurs in the slag skin forming process. This is another reason causing the composition change of electroslag.     

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The viscosity and smelting temperature of blast furnace slag with medium titanium and high alumina content were studied using RTW type of melt physical determinator and the influence pattern of different additive compositions on the viscosity and smelting temperature were obtained. The results show that a certain percentage of CaF2, MnO, MgO, Li2O added to the high aluminum and medium-titanium slag are conducive to the reduction of slag viscosity and smelting temperature. Considering the slag fluidity and additive costs, CaF2 and MnO are more suitable additives. The suitable percentage of each additive: the mass fraction of CaF2 is 0. 5%-1. 5%, the mass fraction of MnO is 2%-5%, the mass fraction of MgO is 1%-3% and the mass fraction of Li2O is 1%-2%.     

CaF2基渣的结晶温度及其预测模型

利用(STA)449cJup5ter同步热分析仪,根据ANF-6渣应用过程演化而成的CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO 渣系的成分变化设定的成分范围,建立二次回归正交设计模型,研究CaF2基渣系结晶温度与CaO、SiO2、MgO、Al2O3和CaF2含量之间的关系,进而通过建立非线性规划模型,对电渣的结晶性...     

Hydrogen Pick-Up During Electroslag Remelting Process

  The pick up of hydrogen during electroslag remelting process for several slags consisting of CaF2 Al2O3 CaO SiO2 MgO had been investigated. The laboratory scale remelting experiments had been carried out in open air and water free argon atmosphere, and then the influencing factors were analyzed. It had been found that the hydrogen content in steel varied with different slag compositions. The compositions and state of slag had significant effect on the hydrogen level in steel. Partial return slag and premelted slag could avoid the hydrogen pick up especially in the early stages of the process. However, premelted slag was the optimum state to control the hydrogen pick up in steel. Experimental results indicated that water free argon atmosphere was very favorable to the control of hydrogen in steel in the normal remelting period.     

CaF2-Al2O3-CaO渣系电渣重熔过程形成的渣皮结构及成分

分析了9.5 t热作模钢H13重熔锭在380 kg 60CaF₂-30Al₂O₃-10CaO三元渣的重熔过程中渣头和渣皮的结构和成分。结果表明,电渣锭生产过程的渣皮呈现明显的分层结构,自外侧向内,依次为急冷层、氧化铝析出层和内部返熔层;渣头中CaF₂含量普遍低于初渣值,而渣皮中CaF₂含量高于初渣值;铝氧化物在渣头外缘比重最高;重熔后渣的氧含量明显高于初渣。     

Effect of smelting process on inclusions in C- Cr- Ni- Mo stainless steel and its mechanical properties

The effect of two smelting processes (process 1: vacuum induction melting + electroslag remelting and process 2??vacuum induction melting + vacuum arc remelting) on the inclusions in C- Cr- Ni- Mo stainless steel ingot and its mechanical properties were comparatively investigated by means of Aspex Explorer, scanning electron microscopy and EDAX spectrometer. The results show that the mass fraction of gas in the steel ingot casted through process 2 is less than 25??10-6 with irregular shaped Al2O3 inclusions. On the other hand, the mass fraction of gas in the steel ingot casted through process 1 is approximate to 100??10-6 with evenly distributed Cr2O3, Al2O3 inclusions in the size around 5??m. It is obvious that the number of oxide inclusions in ingot casted through process 1 is larger than that in ingot casted through process 2, due to the higher mass fraction of oxygen. Meanwhile, the impact toughness and ductility of specimens sampling from ingot casted through process 1 are clearly lower than those sampling from ingot casted through process 2. Thus, the conclusion could be carefully drawn that taking process 2 could significantly contribute to reducing the mass fraction of gas in steel and improving the cleanliness of steel. Therefore, the higher toughness and ductility of the steel could be obtained.     

012Al模具钢电渣重熔工艺的优化

在1t锭型的012Al模具钢电渣重熔工艺优化试验中，在保证重熔锭质量的前提下，通过重熔过程均匀加入铝粉等工艺措施。采用55?F2-30%Al2O3-5?O-5%MgO四元渣系，当填充比为0.48时，电耗较0.2填充比降低43.5%。且比70?F2-30%Al2O3的元渣系0.48填充比的电耗降低29%。