口腔癌免疫化学治疗的病理学及肿瘤细胞周期时相

目的 研究术前高聚金葡素（HAS）联合化疗后口腔癌病理学及细胞周期的改变,探讨HAS联合化疗的病理特点及作用机制。方法20例晚期口腔癌进行颞浅动脉逆行插管,分别进行化疗、HAS联合化疗,6例早期口腔癌采用局部HAS治疗。观察疗效和病理改变,结合流式细胞周期分析法,比较治疗前后变化。结果 临床及病理分析表明HAS可通过局部免疫反应杀伤肿瘤细胞。流式细胞仪检测表明HAS治疗后肿瘤异倍体细胞减少,肿瘤 G0/G1期细胞及凋亡细胞显著增加,而 PI值显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 术前HAS联合化疗可协同杀伤二倍体及异倍体肿瘤细胞,并诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

FCM与AgNORs在Wistar大鼠腭黏膜癌变过程中的诊断价值

目的：研究流式细胞术（FlowCytometry,FCM）和银染核仁组织区（AgNORs）2种方法在诊断Wistar大鼠腭黏膜癌变过程中的作用。方法：通过化学诱导法建立大鼠口腔癌模型,采用流式细胞术和银染核仁组织区法对7例正常黏膜和63例不同癌变发展阶段黏膜细胞的DNA含量和细胞增殖状态进行检测,并对结果做相关性分析。结果：DNA指数（DI）、异倍体率和AgNOR颗粒计数随着组织病理学分级增加而逐渐增加,异常增生、原位癌、浸润鳞癌与正常黏膜相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Spearman线性相关分析显示DNA指数和AgNOR颗粒计数呈正相关（r-0．713,P〈0．05）。结论：流式细胞仪检测和银染核仁组织区两种方法可以作为口腔癌诊断的辅助检测手段,2种方法相结合可以提高口腔黏膜病变的检出率。     

舌癌不同浸润方式DNA倍体和合成相分数的研究

目的:探讨舌癌不同浸润方式与其DNA倍体及合成相分数(SPF)的关系。方法:按Anneroth等介绍的方法将43例病理确诊为舌癌的存档蜡块分为4型不同浸润方式,用流式细胞术(FCM)检测舌癌不同浸润方式DNA倍体及细胞周期中S期细胞比例(SPF)。结果:DNA倍体类型及SPF与肿瘤的浸润方式有关,随着浸润分型的发展,异倍体肿瘤细胞的检出率、SPF逐渐上升。结论:DNA倍体类型及SPF可作为舌癌恶性程度的有效指标之一,为临床治疗方案设计提供依据。     

流式细胞仪在口腔颌面部肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的 通过流式细胞仪对肿瘤DNA倍体及S期细胞增殖率的检测，探讨其对口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤的诊断能力。方法 对151例口腔颌面部良性肿瘤、临界瘤及恶性肿瘤新鲜组织进行流式细胞仪分析。结果 良性肿瘤组未检出DNA异倍体；临界瘤组4例检出异倍体，提示有恶变倾向；恶性肿瘤异倍体的检出率最高者可达100％，S期增殖率也最高。结论 DNA异倍体的出现为癌变的标志，S期增殖率为恶性肿瘤增殖的指标。临界瘤中检出DNA异倍体预示有癌变倾向。     

口腔鳞状细胞癌DNA含量的测定及意义

目的：探讨细胞核DNA含量在判别口腔鳞状细胞癌（SCC）生物学行为中的意义。方法：应用图象细胞计（ICM）分析18例口腔鳞状细胞癌的DNA含量和细胞周期。结果：SCC中DNA指数（DI）和增殖指数（PI）显著高于正常上皮（P＜0．05）,随着SCC病理学分级的升高DI值和PI值明显升高（P＜0．05）。结论：用ICM检测细胞DNA含量,分析细胞周期,有助于了解鳞状细胞癌的增殖能力和恶性程度,对指导预后和评价治疗具有重要意义。     

流式细胞仪在口腔颌面部肿瘤良、恶性诊断中的应用

目的:通过流式细胞仪对肿瘤DNA倍体及S期细胞增殖率的检测,探讨其对口腔颌面部肿瘤良、恶性诊断的可靠性。方法:对131例口腔颌面部良性、临界瘤及恶性肿瘤新鲜组织行流式细胞仪分析。结果:良性肿瘤组未检出DNA异倍体;混合瘤(临界瘤)组4例检出异倍体,提示有恶变倾向;恶性肿瘤异倍体的检出率最高为100%,S期增殖率也最高。结论:DNA异倍体的出现可以认为是癌变的标志,临界瘤中检出DNA异倍体预示有癌变倾向。S期增殖率为恶性肿瘤增殖的指标。     

头颈部鳞癌抑癌基因nm23-H1的表达、DNA倍体与淋巴结转移的关系

目的 :研究头颈部鳞状细胞癌 (HNSCC)nm2 3 H1基因的表达、DNA含量与淋巴结转移的关系。方法 :选择 3 0例未经治疗的HNSCC患者术后新鲜肿瘤标本 ,应用免疫组化ABC技术和流式细胞术 (FCM )检测瘤细胞nm 2 3 -H1基因表达、异倍体 (aneuploid)和S期细胞比例 (S phasefraction ,SPF) ,探索这 3个参数与淋巴结转移之间的关系。结果 :nm 2 3 H1的阳性率为 60 % ,异倍体检出率为 66.7%。nm 2 3 H1表达、DNA倍体和SPF与淋巴结转移有关 (均为P <0 .0 1)。nm 2 3 H1表达与DNA倍体无关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,nm 2 3 H1表达与SPF有关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :对nm2 3 H1表达、DNA倍体和SPF的检测可预测HNSCC淋巴结转移趋势和预后 ,是指导临床治疗有意义的一项生物学指标     

DNA定量分析在口腔癌及癌前病变中的研究进展

人体正常的体细胞有23对染色体,DNA含量恒定,在细胞癌变过程中DNA含量增加或减少,即成为非整倍体细胞,是恶性肿瘤的特异性标志。DNA定量分析是通过对细胞核内DNA含量或倍体的检测来判断细胞的生理或病理状态,能客观地反映病损的情况,对肿瘤的早期诊断、筛查、预后判断及疗效评价有重要意义。本文主要就近年来DNA定量分析在口腔癌及癌前病变中的研究进展作一综述。     

口腔白斑及鳞癌组织中DNA倍体值的研究

通过Feulgen染色及图像分析技术研究正常组织、白斑、上皮异常增生及鳞癌组织中DNA倍体的变化。结果显示：正常组织以2倍体为主．口腔白斑时为3～4倍体，随着病变的加重，高异倍体比例增加。提示，病理改变以DNA变化为基础，DNA倍体可作为预测白斑病变程度的指标。     

平阳霉素化疗对口腔癌患者端粒酶活性的影响

目的：测定平阳霉素化疗的口腔癌肿瘤组织中的端粒酶活性，以探讨平阳霉素化疗效果。材料与方法：取35例口腔癌患者的病案为资料，并依是否术前接受平阳霉素化疗分为用药组及对照组，分别测定两组的端粒酶活性，并进行统计分析，结果：用药组端粒酶活性检出率及强阳性表达率明显比对照的端粒酶活性检出率及强阳性表达率低，有显著性差异，结论：平骒霉素化疗是一种有效的治疗鳞癌的药物，通过测定端粒酶活性变化来评估平阳霉素化疗的疗效可能是一种为客观的方法。     

Flow cytometric analysis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial region]

Fifty fresh tissue samples and fifty paraffin embedded specimens from squamous cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial region were analyzed for nuclear DNA content and cell kinetics by flow cytometry (FCM). Mean DNA index (DI) was 1.154, and 59% of them showed aneuploidy patterns. Mean S phase cell population, which represents the "proliferative activity", was 22.62%. With the increase of surgical stage, aneuploid population rose from 51.7% to 82.8%, and with the increase of histology grade, it rose from 54.17% to 71.4%. S phase cell population also showed a tendency to increase with the increase of surgical stage or histology grade, and in those with cervical metastasis. The results indicate that nuclear DNA analysis by FCM is quite useful as a supplement to histology diagnosis and evaluation of malignant grade of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral and maxillofacial region.     

Predictive assay of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in management of oral cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for oral squamous cell carcinoma has a positive impact on organ preservation and/or survival only in patients who achieve an excellent anti-tumour effect with this therapy. Predictive assay for NAC can play an important role in establishing tailor-made treatments for oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this retrospective study, the anti-tumour effects of cisplatin-based NAC in 70 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed in relation to biological markers of tumour cell proliferation activity: tumour grade, cellular DNA content, mitotic index, apoptotic index, ki-67 positive rate, and p53 and Bax expression. Tumour grade, Bax expression, apoptotic index and cellular DNA content were significantly correlated with the anti-tumour effects of NAC in univariate analysis. Tumour grade, Bax expression and apoptotic index were selected as independent predictive factors by means of multiple logistic analysis. Using the regression equation from these results, the prediction rate for anti-tumour effects was 70%. For patients in whom NAC is predicted to be ineffective, it may be necessary to choose another treatment option in order to improve their survival and quality of life.     

DNA ploidy analysis in salivary gland tumours by image cytometry

AIM: To determine whether DNA ploidy by image cytometry is a good diagnostic tool to distinguish benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. METHODS: A total of 62 salivary gland tumours were studied. Cases were histologically diagnosed [haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, there were 14 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC), 11 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), 10 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 10 carcinoma ex PA (CEPA), 9 acinic cell carcinomas (ACCa), 3 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas (PLGA), 2 papillary cystadenocarcinomas (PC), 1 myoepithelial carcinoma (MC), 1 undifferentiated carcinoma (UC) and 1 mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA). Paraffin sections (40 microm) were micro-dissected to isolate tumour areas; cell nuclei were extracted and Feulgen-stained cytospin monolayers were analysed using a DNA image cytometry system. For each case, DNA index (DI) was calculated relative to internal controls (lymphocytes; DI=1.0). Cases were categorized as diploid or aneuploid and the proportion of cells over 5c was also calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-three of 62 salivary gland tumours were uniformly diploid. Only nine cases were aneuploid: five CEPA, one low-grade MEC, one PC, one UC and one MA. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of salivary gland tumours were diploid. High-grade malignancies may be aneuploid, and ploidy may be useful to identify malignant change in atypical PA. Further, larger studies are needed to confirm our results and to further evaluate the usefulness of the technique in high-grade lesions.     

TNF—α基因修饰口腔鳞癌DNL生物学及免疫学特征研究

作者观察了转导及未转导ＴＮＦ－α基因的ＤＮＬ在含ｒＩＬ－２培养基中，以及转导基因ＤＮＬ在不含ｒＩＬ－２培养基中特性；并应用流式细胞仪对及未转导基因ＤＮＬ的ＤＮＡ指数、细胞周期、免疫表型进行屯分析。     

口腔颌面部非何杰金氏淋巴瘤流式细胞DNA分析及意义探讨

目的:探讨流式细胞学各项指标与非何杰金氏淋巴瘤(NHL)发病部位、临床分期、病理分级、细胞类型及预后的关系和流式细胞学对NHL的诊断价值。方法:采用流式细胞仪测定50例口腔颌面部NHL及10例反应性增生淋巴结(RLN)石蜡包埋组织的DNA倍体、细胞周期各参数,并分析各参数及其与预后的关系。结果:10例RLN皆为二倍体,而NHL二倍体率为54%,异倍体率为46%,二者有显著性差异。SPF值、S+G2/M值与非何杰金氏淋巴瘤恶性程度密切相关,SPF值、S+G2/M值随肿瘤的恶性程度增大而增大。结论:口腔颌面部淋巴瘤流式细胞学检测具有一定诊断学价值,但其运用一定要与形态学相结合。同时SPF、S+G2/M等指标可以反映其细胞增殖状况及病理学恶性程度。     

Flow cytometric analysis of benign and malignant tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region

One hundred eight fresh tissue samples obtained from normal tissues, benign tumors, and malignant tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region were analyzed for nuclear DNA content and cell kinetics by flow cytometric analysis (FCM). Mean DNA indices for 22 normal tissues and 18 benign tumors were 1.00 and 1.02, respectively, and all samples but one showed diploid pattern. On the other hand, the value for 68 malignant tumors was 1.38, and 66% of them showed an aneuploid pattern. The S phase and G2 + M phase cell populations for malignant tumors were 17.2% and 7.0%, respectively. With the exception of G2 + M phase cell population, all values for malignant tumors were significantly higher than those of normal tissue and benign tumors. Although statistical differences were not observed in most of the values, they were higher in squamous cell carcinomas than in malignant salivary gland tumors. The incidence of aneuploidy and DNA index showed a tendency to increase with the increase of T classification, in N2 and N3 tumors, and in the group of patients with recurrence or who died. The DNA index and the type of DNA ploidy were well correlated to malignancy grade determined by six histologic parameters, whereas the S phase cell population was correlated to mitosis. The analysis by the two-dimensional diagnostic supporting system showed that more than 80% of malignant tumors can be correctly diagnosed by combined values of DNA index and S phase cell population. The results indicate that nuclear DNA analysis by FCM is quite useful as a supplement to histologic diagnosis and evaluation of malignancy grade.