在局域网上进行医院感染宣教和反馈的实践

目的 利用现代信息技术加强医院感染宣教和反馈。方法 建立有强大交互功能的网站，通过局域网向全院开通。结果 通过该网站可浏览有关医院感染的知识问答和最新进展、开展网上考试和问卷调查等。结论 感染控制科建立网站是加强医院感染宣教和反馈的有效途径。     

VLAN划分的组织与实施

本文结合医院局域网进行虚拟局域网（Virtual Local Area Network,VLAN）划分的组织与实施,探讨了注重协调,做好VLAN划分的准备工作;精心组织,确保VLAN划分的顺利实施;认真总结,提供可以借鉴的信息化建设的经验教训等相关问题。     

微机局域网在医院检验科的应用

一、概述我们山东省立医院检验科有多台先进的自动化检验仪器 ,每天要做出大量的化验结果 ,发送几百份检验报告单 ,需要抄写、盖章、登记、发送和查询 ;还有质控报告、工作量和费用统计等多种数据需要处理 ,工作量大而且繁杂及容易出错。为了解决上述问题 ,去年我们医院检验科安装了微机局部网络系统 ,使用一台多路数据采集器将微机与多台检验仪器相联 ,将检验仪器作出的各种结果直接送入网络 ,网络上的服务器自动处理各种数据 ,在网络上的微机将每个病人的多种参数汇集在一起 ,实现了一个病人仅出一张化验单并由打印机按照所需格式打印好。…     

医院网络信息系统建立与实施中的体会

医院信息系统HospitalInformationSystem，即HIS是利用电脑对医院内各部门提供病人诊疗信息和行政管理信息的收集、存贮、处理和数据交换能力，并满足授权用户的功能需求。在医院网络信息系统建立与实施中，我总结了以下几点。1医院局域网的主干网的选用随着网络技术突飞猛进地发展，传统的共享以太网和令牌环网的传输速率成为现代局域网的一个主要传输瓶颈。我院根据局域网中主干网的可靠性、安全性、可扩展性、易管理性以及性能价格比等要求，选用FDDI光纤分布式数据接口的组网技术。FDDI具有多种优点①较长的传输距离，…     

在医院局域网建设中经常遇到的问题

<正>目前,局域网的建设己经非常普及.在一些大中型医院已经广泛采用局域网技术进行经济管理和医疗资源管理.作者就建网中经常遇到的几个问题介绍如下,希望对准备建网的医院有所帮助.     

医院局域网的安全探讨

随着医院局域网的不断扩大，医院内部网同Internet及其他网络互连日益广泛，医院局域网安全问题面临着严重威胁。本文从医院局域网安全现状出发，针对当前存在的不安全因素，提出可行的解决方法。     

谈医院局域网的建设

前言随着计算机应用的不断普及 ,计算机与网络之间的关系越来越紧密。没有联网的计算机无法做到真正的资源共享和信息交换 ,无法发挥计算机的优势。所以无论机关、企事业单位还是商场、银行等无不把建立自己的局域网逐渐提到议事日程上来 ,以期在竞争激烈的社会中处于优势地位。计算机网络因其资源共享、分布式处理等强大功能日益受到各级医疗卫生单位的重视。通过信息网络化管理使医用信息资源得以合理分配、优化 ,提高医护人员工作效率和工作质量 ,从而从整体上贯彻了“以病人为中心”的指导思想 ,为广大患者提供更为优质的服务 ,以进一…     

医院局域网的安全与维护

自使用“军卫一号”工程以来,几年来本院先后引进了医学影像系统、联机检验系统、合理用药系统、门诊医生工作站。网络铺设上千个信息点,覆盖所有科室。随着信息系统的不断扩充,网络的安全成为医院必须面对而且无法回避的严峻问题。因此维护局域网的安全成了医院工作正常开展的重要前提。医院局域网的安全大致分为:硬件系统的安全、软件系统的安全和病毒的防治。     

无线网络在医院中的应用

本文就如何运用越来越成熟的无线局域网技术使医院的信息化水平更上一个台阶,介绍了无线网络在医院中的应用现状。     

Influence of dietary carbohydrates upon the metabolism of lipids and minerals in rabbits

Rabbits were fed purified diets containing either corn starch, sucrose, glucose or fructose as 39.5% of the caloric content, or were fed a commercial diet. At the end of the 12-week trial period, glucose tolerance tests did not reveal a difference by treatment, and males had a lower tolerance than females. The serum cholesterol concentrations of the various density lipoproteins varied by treatment as determined weekly; often the HDL cholesterol was higher in the rabbits fed corn starch, and the VLDL cholesterol was higher in the rabbits fed corn fructose. Cholelithiasis at the end of the trial was prevalent in rabbits fed sucrose, glucose or fructose, was infrequent in the rabbits fed corn starch, and was absent in the rabbits fed the commercial diet. Lipid and cholesterol concentrations in the liver were greater in the rabbits fed the purified diets than in those fed the commercial diet. Cholesterol concentration in the thoracic aorta was greater in the rabbits fed the commercial diet than in those fed the purified diet. Analyses of liver and kidneys for Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn revealed treatment differences only in the case of the kidneys where Cr concentration was greater in the kidneys when the commercial diet was fed.     

Intérêts et limites du Programme National Nutrition Santé (PNNS) en faveur de l’éducation nutritionnelle: Enquête d’opinion auprès de patients diabétiques de type 2 et de type 1

A survey among 104 type 2 and 81 type 1 diabetic patients has explored their opinions on two major national educationnal programs on nutrition launched by the french health authorities: the “Program National Nutrition Santé” (PNNS1) (2001-2005) and the PNNS2 (2006-2010). The majority of the patients has acquired knowledge on the PNNS through the media and at the care setting level. The messages they have the best recorded concern the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables and the obesity. On the other hand, they know nothing on the printed educationnal guides distributed by the PNNS, nor on the local PNNS initiatives. If the half of the type 2 diabetic patients considers that the PNNS helps them to carry out food choices, a little number of patients estimates that PNNS plays an important role in preventing nutritionnal problems among the young people. Few patients considers also that the food industries may have a possible “perverse” influence on the food consumption and eating behaviors. The half of the type 2 diabetics is in favor of alternatives ways to the hospital-based therapeutic patient education programs, for example programs organized by the Health Social Insurance or by Mutual insurance companies, while respecting criteria of quality. Lastly, the majority of the patients estimates that, due to their own experience, they have a role to play in the nutritional education.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.     

在多基因PCR中对dNTP与Mg^2＋的浓度关系的研究

目的　通过实验介绍在单一浓度下的Mg2 与在不同浓度情况下的dNTP及在单一浓度下的dNTP与在不同浓度下的Mg2 进行多基因PCR的反应过程。方法　通过多基因PCR分析比较Mg2 和dNTP在不同浓度下的反应结果。结果　PCR反应在 10×PCRBuffer为 0 0 2mol/LMg2 浓度时 ,随着dNTP浓度的增大 ,PCR反应增强 ,特别是较大片段PCR产物反映更为明显。但随着dNTP浓度的继续增大 ,PCR反应抑制 ,扩增条带度减弱 ,直至条带完全消失。而在0 0 0 2mmol/LdNTP浓度下 ,随着Mg2 浓度的不断增大 ,反应逐渐增强。但随着Mg2 浓度的继续增大 ,扩增条带亮度有减弱趋势。结论　在Mg2 单一浓度下 ,较大浓度dNTP有增强条带亮度的作用 ;在dNTP单一浓度下 ,过高的Mg2 浓度能抑制反应。     

Polluants environnementaux et troubles de la reproduction masculine : les phtalates au cœur du débat

Two major functions are assumed by the testis: the production of male gametes (i.e. spermatozoa), and the production of steroid hormones. Those two functions are established during fetal life and are essentials for the adult fertility and the masculinization of the internal tract and genitalia. For many years, our laboratory has been interested in the ontogeny of those two functions in rodents and since 2003, in collaboration with Gynecology and Obstetrics service of Professor R. Frydman in A. Béclère hospital, we have studied them in human. The first aim of this work was to improve the global knowledge of the human fetal testis development by using both our experimental data and the literature. Then we focused on the different defects that can occur during the fetal testis development. Indeed, male reproductive abnormalities have been steadily increasing since the last decades and are thought to be related to the concomitant increase of the concentration of contaminants and particularly of endocrine disruptors in the environment. Thus, we decided to study the effect of endocrine disruptors on human fetal testis, and more particularly the effect of phthalates, by using an organ culture system developed for human. In contrast to the data obtained in rat, mono (ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP), an active metabolite of the most widespread phthalate in the environment, does not disturb the steroidogenic function. On the other hand, it has a negative effect on the male germ cells number. This study is the first experimental demonstration of a negative effect of phthalates directly on human reproductive functions. Using a molecular approach, our aim is now to understand the mechanisms of phthalate's action.     

Place du diététicien dans l’équipe de soutien nutritionnel : évolution d’une profession

Recognised 30 years ago, hospital nutritional depletion remains a major problem of public health which concerns from 30% to 50% of all patients at admission. The circular DHOS/E 1 n? 2002-186 of the 29 March 2002, recommending the implementation of both the committee for food-nutrition (CLAN: Comité de Liaison Alimentation Nutrition) and the nutrition support team within the hospital, is the result of 10 years effort in regard to food-nutrition and the accreditation process in health care. The dietician, previously accountable for the quality of food and dietary services, has now the opportunity to play a leading role within the nutritional care team for the screening and treatment of nutritional depletion. However, the initial training and the present status of the dietician don’t allow him to follow this evolution effectively. Updating of his training and the redefinition of his missions seem indispensable to respond to today's health care needs. This will help to ensure that above legal recommendation can be applied.     

Lead exposure in the lead-acid storage battery manufacturing and PVC compounding industries

This study was conducted as part of the Human Exposure Assessment Location (HEAL) Project which comes under the United Nations Environment Programme/World Health Organisation (UNEP/WHO) Global environmental Monitoring System (GEMS). The objective of the study was to evaluate workers' exposure to lead in industries with the highest exposure. All subjects were interviewed about their occupational and smoking histories, the use of personal protective equipment and personal hygiene. The contribution of a dietary source of lead intake from specified foods known to contain lead locally and personal air sampling for lead were assessed. A total of 61 workers from two PVC compounding and 50 workers from two lead acid battery manufacturing plants were studied together with 111 matched controls. In the PVC compounding plants the mean lead-in-air level was 0.0357 mg/m3, with the highest levels occurring during the pouring and mixing operations. This was lower than the mean lead-in-air level of 0.0886 mg/m3 in the lead battery manufacturing plants where the highest exposure was in the loading of lead ingots into milling machines. Workers in lead battery manufacturing had significantly higher mean blood lead than the PVC workers (means, 32.51 and 23.91 mcg/100 ml respectively), but there was poor correlation with lead-in-air levels. Among the lead workers, the Malays had significantly higher blood lead levels than the Chinese (mean blood levels were 33.03 and 25.35 mcg/100 ml respectively) although there was no significant difference between the two ethnic groups in the control group. There were no significant differences between the exposed and control group in terms of dietary intake of specified local foods known to contain lead. However, Malays consumed significantly more fish than the Chinese did. There were no ethnic differences in the hours of overtime work, number of years of exposure, usage of gloves and respirators and smoking habits. Among the Malays, 94.3% eat with their hands compared with 9.2% of the Chinese. Workers who ate with bare hands at least once a week had higher blood lead levels after adjusting for lead-in-air levels (mean blood lead was 30.2 and 26.4 mcg/100 ml respectively). The study indicated that the higher blood lead levels observed in the Malay workers might have been due to their higher exposure and eating with bare hands.     

An Outbreak of Pruritic Skin Lesions in a Group of Laboratory Workers A Case Report

In May 1993, an outbreak of pruritic skin lesions occurred amonga group of employees located in tour laboratories in the basementof an office building. Medical interviews with the affectedworkers were performed and an industrial hygiene survey of thesite was conducted. Workers commonly reported a prickling sensationon exposed skin. Four of the workers had small (<5mm) erythematouspapules on their forearms. Just prior to the outbreak, the installationof fibrous glass insulation had commenced in the mechanicalrooms which provided air to the basement of the building. Becauseof the nature of the symptoms and the temporal relationshipwith the nearby insulation work, direct skin contact with fibrousglass fibres was thought to be the cause of the outbreak. Thepoorly maintained air handling unit supplying air to the laboratoriesprobably contributed to this outbreak by inefficient filteringof the circulating air.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.