基于节点协同覆盖的传感器网络寿命最大化模型

针对保证网络连通覆盖和最小能量消耗的优化目标,建模了基于节点协同覆盖的传感器网络寿命最大化模型．提出一种基于多目标优化遗传算法的求解方案,设计了基于链路状态的分簇机制以及基于ＮＳＧＡ-Ⅱ的簇内覆盖控制算法．仿真结果表明该方案能快速收敛于最优解,在高密度和低密度布撒环境下表现出优越的性能,且具有良好的适应性．

     

WSN中基于线性规划的多类别目标覆盖算法

多类别目标覆盖问题是目前无线传感器网络中的研究热点。针对现有目标覆盖算法在时间效率、网络生命周期等方面的不足,将多类别目标覆盖问题建模为基于线性规划的网络生命周期最大化问题,提出一种基于分簇的目标覆盖算法。该算法依据节点的剩余能量和感应能力,在每个簇结构内求解最优覆盖集的基础上得到接近于最优解的全局覆盖集,进而调度节点相应的感应模块去覆盖其感知范围内同属性的目标。实验结果表明,该算法是有效的,在网络生命周期和时间效率等方面均优于CWGC方案,接近于线性规划最优值。     

分层分簇无线传感器网络汇聚层的多目标优化部署

分层分簇的无线传感器网络中,汇聚层节点的部署对于整个网络的性能是至关重要的。本文针对非均匀环境下,分层分簇无线传感器网络中汇聚层节点的优化部署进行研究,目标是以最少的节点和最低的总功率实现对感知层节点的全覆盖,这是一个典型的多目标优化问题。 为,提出了一种基于第二代快速非支配遗传算法(Non-dominated sorting genetic algo-rithm, NSGA-II)的优化方案,以感知层节点全覆盖为前提,对汇聚层节点的数量和总功率进行联合优化。仿真结果表明,与常规均匀分布无线传感器的模型对比,本文所提出的部署方案能够在保证感知层节点全覆盖的前提下,显著减少汇聚层节点的数量,并降低了汇聚层节点的总功率,从而降低了部署成本,提高能量利用效率。     

基于粒子群优化的大规模传感器网络节点调度策略

针对资源受限条件下大规模无线传感器网络中协作目标跟踪问题,提出一个基于粒子群优化的节点调度方案.该方案利用高斯粒子滤波算法和方差交叉融合算法获得目标状态预测信息,进而选择下一时刻簇成员节点,并构造了通信能耗的代价函数,利用粒子群优化方法选择最佳的簇头节点,减少了节点调度的计算复杂度,同时保持了较好的跟踪精度.仿真结果验证了所提出方案的有效性.     

感知距离参数优化的无线传感器网络节能的研究

无线传感器网络(WSNs)覆盖是WSNs的关键问题,它反映了网络对目标区域的探测能力,节点的感知距离的优化能够很好地解决WSNs区域覆盖要求的同时使得能量消耗最低.研究了基于节点感知距离参数调节的WSNs节能区域覆盖方案,建立了感知半径之和最小的数学模型,采用遗传算法求解该模型,得到一个最优解.仿真结果表明:与传统覆盖方案比较,所提方案在满足覆盖要求的同时有效地降低了网络能量消耗.     

容错节能无线传感器网络中可靠覆盖问题的解决方案

基于生成最小覆盖的k集合覆盖启发式算法,提出了分簇结构下解决簇内观测区域可靠覆盖问题的高效节能方案,即可靠覆盖方案.最小覆盖是一个可以完全覆盖观测区域的传感器节点最小集合,可靠覆盖方案使用的1-损毁最小覆盖拓扑结构是两个最小覆盖的迭加.通过1-损毁最小覆盖间的轮流工作延长网络可用时间,体现节能效果;通过增加一个冗余最小覆盖,屏蔽来自单个最小覆盖的节点失效,体现容错效果.在该方案中,介绍簇头节点和簇内成员的交互协议,并使用快速覆盖替换算法处理可能的节点失效.仿真实验显示,该方案能够高效地利用有限的能量,显著延长网络工作时间,同时将由节点失效而产生的漏测次数保持在较低值.     

有向感知网络中分簇目标覆盖算法

利用最少数量的感知节点来覆盖最大数目的目标位置(MCMS)一直是有向感知网络中的重要问题.为了保证覆盖和对相关事件的及时汇报,针对该问题提出一种基于分簇的目标位置覆盖算法(TCCA).通过所有节点自组织进行分簇并且在各个簇内为成员节点分配相应的感知扇区,TCCA算法能够在保证网络生命周期的前提下有效解决该问题.与其他已有算法相比,仿真结果很好地验证了所提出TCCA算法的有效性.     

基于人工鱼群算法的无线传感器网络覆盖优化

针对网络节点严重冗余而导致的网络成本增加、生命周期过短等缺陷,提了一种基于人工鱼群算法的覆盖优化方法.首先以节点的利用率和网络有效覆盖率作为优化目标,建立相应的数学模型,然后采用人工鱼群算法对模型进行求解,得到无线传感器网络的最优覆盖方案.仿真结果表明,人工鱼群算法提高了无线传感器网络节点的覆盖率,减少了传感器节点冗余,有效降低了网络成本,网络生存时间得到了延长.     

基于优化成簇多跳的LEACH协议改进

针对无线传感器网络分簇路由协议因簇内和簇间的能耗不均带来的覆盖空洞和能量空洞的问题,提出一种基于优化成簇多跳的LEACH协议改进。依据通信射频能耗模型,在成簇时,采用优化分区和双簇首模式,避免因成簇空间和簇首分布不均带来的"覆盖空洞"问题;在簇间路由时,基于簇首能量和与基站的距离,选择代价最小的路由,弥补了因簇首能耗不均导致"能量空洞"的现象。经仿真实验测试,结果表明,与LEACH及同类改进算法相比,该算法有效地降低了网络能耗,延长了网络生命周期,同时提高了网络数据吞吐量。     

一种分层分簇的P2P流媒体覆盖网络模型

提出一种新型的分层分簇结构的P2P覆盖网络模型HCPON。该模型根据能力对节点分层处理,分簇聚合,分别应用不同方案优化覆盖网络结构,兼顾了节点的能力差异性和位置特性。仿真实验表明,该模型具有很好的可扩展性和鲁棒性,能够满足大规模流媒体服务需求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.