基于创新能力培养的高职院校工科类专业课程开发与实践

近年来,高职院校大力推进创新创业教育,受众面和效果均有明显提升,但也存在一些不足,特别是面向技术性和实践性的工科专业,缺乏有效的创新能力培养课程,限制了创新能力的系统培养。文章从理论和实践两个维度提出了面向创新能力培养的高职工科专业教学体系构建策略;从学习能力等七个方面分析了创新能力培养的核心要点及其重要性;通过举例说明了创新能力培养普适性课程、专业技术类课程、实践拓展课程的设计,并以“机械创新设计”课程为例,阐述了整个课程的开发流程和开发要点;提出了以项目或者作品为创新能力培养的主要载体、以活动或者创新创业竞赛为创新能力培养依托的具体操作策略,使得创新能力培养的理论知识有了具体的物化承载,学生创新能力的培养更具系统性、学生更有获得感和成就感;同时从经费保障、开发团队、激励机制、专项活动等方面阐述了创新能力课程体系开发的保障条件。通过实践应用检验表明,基于创新能力培养的高职院校工科类专业课程开发策略实用、适用,对提升高职学生的创新能力成效明显,为高职院校开发创新能力培养课程提供了良好思路和借鉴。     

现代教育技术在机电专业学生创新能力培养中的应用

创新能力的培养是素质教育的核心,围绕"培养具有创新意识、创新能力和工程实践经验的复合型高级技术人才"的目标,提出了由课程教学、实验教学、实践教学、创新设计竞赛等环节组成的机电专业学生创新能力培养的平台。论述了现代教育技术在课程教学、实验教学和创新活动等主要环节中应用,更加能够启发学生进行创造性思维,丰富学生的创新能力。     

新工科背景下高职机电类专业创新能力培养体系构建

针对高职机电类专业创新能力不足的问题,在分析探讨创新能力培养路径的基础上,采用调整专业课程体系,形成了创新"通识创新课程、创新培育课程、创新训练课程、创新实践课程"的层次递进式创新能力培养课程体系;依托学校省大学生创新创业孵化基地,借助工学结合实践项目平台、科技创新团队平台、创新创业竞赛平台,实施专业课程"一课一创新",培育学生创新能力。通过实践,学生的创新意识明显增强,创新能力明显提升。     

以机械创新设计为载体,促进教学发展

培养大学生的创新精神和创新能力是当前的教学目标,而机械创新设计大赛是学生学以致用的最佳途径。结合机械创新设计大赛,在教学中优化了教学内容,提高了教学目标,促进了教学发展。     

创新力的培养在高职《机械制图》课程教学中的问题与对策

《机械制图》是高职院校机械类专业必须掌握的一门重要的技术平台课,理论性及实践性都较强,如何在课程教学中培养学生的创新能力是教学改革的重点。从课程教学中存在的问题及原因分析入手,提出了创新环境、创新训练方法、创新训练任务、创新评价环节、创新教学方法及改善师资结构等6个培养学生创新思维的对策。     

创新设计课程在高职院校机械类专业课程中的应用研究

创新是引领世界发展的第一动力,机械产品的创新主要来源于相关行业的从业工作者。高职院校机械专业学生是机械行业的生力军,是机械产品创新的重要组成部分。文章结合高职院校机械专业课程特点和学生特点,重点阐述在机械专业课程教学过程中引入创新元素、开设创新类实践环节、在专业限选课和公共选修课增加创新设计类课程、组织各类创新设计大赛对培养机械类专业学生创新技巧、方法、思维等方面的影响。     

机械创新设计综合能力培养模式的研究

在对机械创新设计综合素质构成要素充分研究的基础上,提出了新的教学理念及课程体系培养模式,构建以提高学科知识"交叉度"、从设计到制造"不断线"的知识体系,强调在教学的各环节中,培养学生的创新意识、创新激情、创新思维及创新能力。     

基于“仿、赛、做”与机器人创新的教学实践探讨

为了应对当前机器人产业发展给高职机电类人才培养带来的新挑战,在分析当前高职机电类专业课程教学现状的基础上,提出了一种基于"仿、赛、做"与机器人创新相结合的教学模式,即采用"仿真"+"比赛"+"实践"的"仿、赛、做"模式教学,同时以机器人为载体开展协同创新能力培养,通过校企联合,以职业能力为主线,构建"能力递进、工作过程系统化"的课程体系。研究证明,该方案确实可行,为高职机电类专业教学改革提供了新思路,对培养具有工程意识、创新精神和专业技术能力的高素质机电类人才有一定的参考价值。     

基于PLC的交通信号灯控制系统创新实验平台的设计与实现

针对高职院校相关专业的PLC创新实验课程要求,提出了一种基于西门子S7-200型PLC的交通信号灯控制系统实验平台的设计方案.分别从控制系统控制策略、PLC选型、端口规划、工作流程、梯形图实现以及整体程序综合调试等方面详尽介绍了该创新实验平台的设计思路和实现方法.学生通过基于该平台的模拟调试,达到了培养学生创新能力和形成整体方案设计思路的目的.     

高职电子类工学结合课程创新教学模式探索

简要介绍了创新能力的培养是素质教育的核心,提出了高职电子类工学结合课程在教学中的创新培养应具备的要素与原则是以人为本,注重个性发展,因材施教;在创新型教学模式的实现途径方面,提出了导师制、大赛引领、项目制以及评价体系引导等方法;教学内容的构建,依据职业性和开放性原则,与社会接轨,与企业深度融合;并进行了大胆尝试,取得了一定效果,为以后的改革奠定了基础.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.