桩承式加筋路堤桩体荷载分担比计算

为反映多层加筋材料分布层位和应变差异对桩承式加筋路堤的影响,基于土拱形态和筋材应变分布的假设,推导桩土荷载分担比的计算公式。首先根据极限平衡理论和同心圆二维土拱模型假设,推导筋上桩体荷载分担比的计算公式;再假设帽间格栅变形为圆弧曲线,考虑帽上格栅变形对帽间格栅应变的贡献,推导更符合常用大桩帽疏桩结构特点的格栅应变计算公式;进一步以筋下填土产生的土压力和桩间土应力为附加应力计算底层格栅挠度,提出以底层格栅挠度为自变量的任意层格栅挠度表达式;最终依据格栅应变计算格栅拉力及其竖向分量,得到考虑格栅拉膜传荷作用的筋下桩体荷载分担比计算公式。该方法可适用于单层以及非单层加筋的桩承式加筋路堤,经工程实例验证,计算值与实测值吻合较好。     

路堤荷载下双向增强复合地基荷载分担比及沉降计算

针对路堤荷载下双向增强复合地基受力变形特性,以单桩有效影响范围内的路堤与复合地基为分析对象,引入大挠度环形薄板考虑加筋垫层的“柔性筏板效应”与“拉膜效应”,同时通过假定桩土相对位移模式,考虑地基成层性,从而建立了路堤、水平加筋体、桩体、桩间土协调变形三维模型,获得了路堤荷载作用下双向增强复合地基的荷载分担比及沉降计算方法。采用某工程试验数据对该计算方法进行验证,同时分析了路堤高度、桩帽宽度、筋材抗拉模量对中性点位置、桩土差异沉降以及复合薄板中面最大拉应力的影响,结果表明该方法所求得的荷载分担比及沉降与实测值较为接近,证明了其合理性。     

基于MIDAS的复合地基加筋垫层的力学特性模拟分析研究

为优化复合地基加筋垫层设计,在处理吹填软土地基时提供理论依据,通过MIDAS有限元软件对加筋复合地基数值模拟,对复合地基加筋垫层的力学特性进行分析,并对加筋方案、加筋层数进行设计优化.结果表明,地基上部荷载较小(100kPa),加筋垫层作用不显著;上部荷载较大时(250kPa),复合土工格栅的作用发挥较充分,加筋层数成为影响桩土应力比的主要因素,为加筋垫层设计优化提供可靠的理论依据.最后,铺设2层复合土工格栅控制沉降变形较铺设1层的效果好,铺设3层则效果提升不大,综合经济和施工便利的因素,垫层中铺设2层复合土工格栅最优,加筋材料的优化层间距为3.3cm.     

多层加筋垫层刚性桩网复合地基的承载特性

为研究多层加筋垫层刚性桩网复合地基的承载特性,将设置有多层土工格栅的加筋垫层视为大挠度薄板进行分析,运用层合板理论,模拟多层土工格栅与碎石垫层之间的相互作用,建立加筋垫层抗弯刚度矩阵的计算方法。考虑刚性桩网复合地基的三维应力和位移边界条件,根据静力平衡条件,建立加筋垫层应力函数和挠度微分控制方程,并利用伽辽金方法进行求解。在此基础上,利用Winkler地基梁理论和大挠度薄板理论对桩土应力比和格栅拉力进行计算。最后,运用实际工程对计算方法进行验证,并综合分析格栅总层数、铺设间隔和位置等因素对桩土应力比及格栅拉力的影响。研究结果表明:理论计算结果与实测结果较为吻合;随着格栅总层数的增大,桩土应力比增大而格栅拉力降低,铺设2～3层格栅效率最高;随着铺设格栅间隔和底层格栅距桩帽距离的增大,桩土应力比降低,而格栅拉力增大。     

刚性基础下复合地基褥垫层加筋影响研究

为了提高桩土荷载分担比,一些建筑工程桩筏基础下的复合地基采用了加筋垫层,然而加筋垫层复合地基的变形协调与荷载传递的影响还缺乏深入研究。采用自制的二维多活动门试验装置与椭圆钢棒相似土填料,开展了无筋褥垫层随桩间土下沉过程的模型试验,获得了不同垫层厚度下无筋垫层的变形与应力协调特性。在模型试验基础上,采用颗粒离散元DEM数值模拟建立了无筋与加筋垫层数值模型,揭示了有、无加筋条件下的褥垫层工作特性区别,并探讨了褥垫层厚度、桩间净距以及加筋位置等对褥垫层工作特性的影响。结果表明:当加筋高度距桩顶超过100 mm时,桩土应力比曲线和褥垫层变形均接近未加筋的情况; 加筋体设置高度小于100 mm时,下方颗粒垫层的变形协调会受到影响,格栅与下部垫层之间产生脱空现象,从而导致桩土应力比随着桩间土下沉量的增加而出现陡升; 陡升段起点对应的桩间土下沉量随着加筋位置的提高而增加,工程中可能会导致复合地基桩体超过承载力而引起复合地基发生破坏。     

抗土洞塌陷的低填方加筋路基荷载传递机制及设计方法

低填方加筋路基对地基承载力要求较低,同时利用水平加筋法跨越尺寸较小的土洞能有效预防路堤出现突发式局部沉陷,提高路堤抗工后沉降和失稳的安全系数,正被逐步应用于岩溶土洞地区道路工程;但其作用机理复杂,现存设计方法大都偏于保守,考虑抗土洞塌陷的低填方加筋路基荷载传递机制的设计方法亟待提出。通过揭示受土洞塌陷影响的低填方加筋路基荷载传递机制,推导了考虑路基差异沉降引起土体应力偏转的竖向应力计算方法,假定塌陷区上方加筋体作用抛物线荷载,从而明晰了加筋体应力-应变状态;应对岩溶区不同形态的土洞塌陷,同时考虑设计需要满足的正常使用极限状态与承载能力极限状态,提出了抗土洞塌陷的低填方加筋路基加筋体及路堤填方高度设计方法,通过与现有设计方法的对比进行了合理性及准确性验证,可为空洞上方低填方加筋路基设计提供参考。     

土工格栅加筋碎石垫层工作性状研究

褥垫层技术是竖向增强体复合地基的关键技术之一。为揭示碎石垫层与加筋碎石垫层的工作特性,本文采用大比例模型试验,研究了土工格栅对碎石垫层刚度的影响,并采用FLAC3D对模型试验进行了数值模拟,分析了碎石垫层和加筋碎石垫层的竖向应力场、竖向位移场随荷载增加的变化规律。研究表明：在相同荷载作用下,加筋碎石垫层的沉降明显小于碎石垫层的沉降;加筋碎石垫层的竖向应力增量及其影响范围、沉降影响范围及沉降量均比碎石垫层的小,并且加筋碎石垫层的应力核心区和零位移区的范围也有所减小。     

中低压缩性土地区桩承式加筋路堤现场试验研究

将桩承式加筋路堤技术应用于中低压缩性土地区高速铁路桥台和涵洞之间填方路基的处理,通过逐渐改变CFG桩桩长形成刚度均匀变化的地基加固区,严格控制线路纵向差异沉降。通过现场试验对桥台、涵顶和路基中心地基沉降进行了长期观测,同时对桩承式加筋路堤桩间土沉降、孔隙水压力、格栅上下表面土压力和格栅变形进行了长期监测分析。研究结果表明:桩承式加筋路堤可有效减小中低压缩性土地基沉降,总沉降小且很快趋于稳定;桩承式加筋路堤通过土拱效应和张拉膜效应将路堤荷载向桩帽传递,格栅下桩土应力比明显高于格栅上,张拉膜效应明显,格栅上桩土应力比接近1.0,土拱效应较弱;格栅在路肩处发挥的作用强于线路中心处。     

斜坡地基PHC管桩加固参数研究的数值模拟结果分析

高填路堤荷载作用下斜坡地基PHC管桩在不同设计参数下的工作性状及其处理效果是工程实践关注的重要问题。结合工程实际特点,本文应用有限差分数值模拟方法,通过在垫层中设置过渡网格,提出了路堤填土和垫层之间传力分析方法;结合FLAC3D建模分析,采用先地应力平衡再建立接触面的方法,解决了山区陡坡路段采用管桩加固路基时接触面影响初始地应力场的求解和平衡问题。以此为基础,重点研究了路基变形分布、PHC管桩受力和桩土荷载分担特性等随格栅模量、桩长、桩间距和桩帽尺寸等设计参数的变化关系。计算结果表明:PHC管桩加固高填路堤斜坡地基,可以有效地减小路基沉降以及路基深层水平位移;桩长对斜坡高填路堤PHC管桩复合地基的变形、管桩受力和桩土荷载特征的影响显著。在一定桩间距范围内,桩间距对于工程的总沉降和路堤边坡的稳定影响不大,但对于路堤不均匀沉降和桩土荷载分担特性影响较大。     

桥头软基现浇筒桩处理现场试验分析

为研究现浇筒桩和土工格栅加筋碎石垫层组成的复合地基加固软弱路基的作用机理及效果,介绍了某高速公路桥头筒桩处理中进行的地表沉降、分层沉降、深层土体位移、孔隙水压力、桩土应力等项目的现场测试成果。结果发现:该处理方法具有经济合理,承载力高,沉降小等特点,为解决软土“桥头跳车”提供了一种经济、有效的手段;土工格栅可以很好地调节荷载分布,使荷载更多的向桩身集中;超静孔压不大,且有规律性,不影响沉降稳定性;地基侧向变形小,变形速率在时间和深度上都呈递减趋势。     

弯剪受力下化学植筋式群锚连接试验研究

通过五个化学植筋式型钢-混凝土后锚固连接节点的弯剪受力试验,研究了该类连接节点的极限承载力、破坏形态和内力分布等问题。试验结果表明该类节点均表现为钢筋破坏,破坏前兆明显,即受拉侧锚板被拉离基材表面。仅钢筋周围混凝土发生小锥体损坏,其它位置无明显开裂。弯矩对连接承载力起控制作用,植筋埋深15d以上时可以保证钢筋充分发挥强度,增加植筋数量对提高后锚固连接件承载力效果显著,内力沿钢筋长度的分布在屈服前基本为线性变化,破坏时前半段钢筋可达到屈服,而钢筋末端的应变很小。     

西北地区某填埋场堆体滑移过程监测与分析

在西北某大型填埋场边坡区域布设渗滤液水位、堆体表面位移和深层侧向位移监测点并开展现场监测。在2014年4月~8月间,受垃圾堆载、填埋作业机械动荷载和强降雨的影响,堆体边坡区域发生3次大范围滑移,最大滑移报警面积达30029 m2,最大日均表面位移253 mm,滑移深度达17 m。反分析该填埋场垃圾堆填边坡滑移全过程,掌握了除堆体水位和强降雨因素外,垃圾堆载、动荷载等因素作用下的堆体滑移规律。进一步分析迫降水位、分层压实、土工织物加固等措施的抗滑效果,结果表明,采取降水压实及土工织物加固措施可满足堆体后续堆填的稳定要求。     

Effect of reinforcement form on the behaviour of coir geotextile reinforced sand beds

Coir geotextile, a natural geotextile manufactured out of coir fibres, has been recognized as a feasible alternative to geosynthetics for reinforcement applications, due to its longevity and excellent engineering properties. It is best suited for low-cost applications in developing countries due to its availability at low prices compared to its synthetic counterparts. This paper presents the results of plate load test on square model footing resting on sand beds reinforced with coir geotextile in geocell and planar forms. Keeping the characteristics and amount of geotextile the same, the performance of the geocell and planar forms were compared. The results indicate that bearing characteristics clearly depend on the form in which reinforcements are applied. For the same amount of material, coir geocell reinforcement provides better performance compared to planar forms. For a settlement of 15% of foundation width, the maximum improvement in bearing capacity for coir geocell was found to be 7.92 compared to 5.83 in the case of planar forms.     

Evaluation of geosynthetic reinforcement in unpaved road using moving wheel load test

The common cause of failure of the unpaved road is associated with undesirable ruts and deformations. Use of geosynthetic reinforcement is a solution to this pavement distress problem as experienced in limited research works, especially in the laboratory studies. This study presents the performance of geosynthetic-reinforced unpaved roads subjected to moving wheel load tests to investigate the effect of geosynthetic reinforcement on the pavement surface deformation of the unpaved roads. Unreinforced and geosynthetic-reinforced unpaved road test sections consisting of varied reinforcements were constructed in a test pit, 9 m long and 2.7 m wide. Geogrid and geotextile were used for reinforcing the unpaved road test sections. The rut depth was measured in the transverse direction of the wheel path after certain number of wheel passes. Traffic Benefit Ratio (TBR) and Performance Index (PI) were employed in the study for the evaluation of the effectiveness of geosynthetic reinforcement in unpaved roads. After 350 vehicle passes, the geotextile-reinforced and geogrid-reinforced test sections get rutting reduced by 44.89% and 28.57%, respectively. The test results indicate that inclusion of geosynthetic reinforcement significantly improves the rutting resistance and stability of reinforced test sections compared to the unreinforced test sections.     

Centrifuge modeling of the geotextile reinforced slope subject to drawdown

Geotextile is an effective reinforcement approach of slopes that experiences various loads such as drawdown. The geotextile reinforcement mechanism is essential to effectively evaluate the safety of geotextile-reinforced slopes under drawdown conditions. A series of drawdown centrifuge model tests were performed to investigate the deformation and failure behaviors of slopes reinforced with different geotextile layouts. The deformation and failure of unreinforced and reinforced slopes were compared and the geotextile reinforcement was indicated to significantly increase the safety limit and the ductility, reduce the displacement, and change the failure feature of slopes under drawdown conditions. The slopes exhibited remarkable progressive failure, downward from the slope top, under drawdown conditions. The progressive failure was induced by coupling of deformation localization and local failure based on full-field measurements of displacement of slopes subjected to drawdown. The geotextile reinforced the slope by decreasing and uniformizing the slope deformation by the soil-geotextile interaction. Through geotextile displacement analysis, the geotextile-reinforced slope was divided into the anchoring zone and the restricting zone by a boundary that was independent of the decrease of water level. The geotextile restrained the soil in the anchoring zone and the soil restrained the geotextile in the restricting zone. The reinforcement effect was distinct only when the geotextile was long enough to cross the slip surface of the unreinforced slope under drawdown conditions.     

基于钢筋分离模式优化的RC深梁静力试验研究

钢筋应力渐进结构优化以钢筋单元应力为灵敏度,针对钢筋分布演化出接近钢筋满应力目标的最优拓扑,为钢筋混凝土(RC)深梁的工程配筋设计提供新方法.按照该方法完成RC简支深梁的优化配筋设计,并开展静力试验.试验过程中发现,随着荷载的增大,深梁表面弯曲裂缝充分开展,剪切裂缝得到有效控制,在达到峰值荷载后存在明显的持荷且变形大幅...     

Large scale tests on geosynthetic reinforced unpaved roads subjected to surface maintenance

Geosynthetic can be effectively used as reinforcement in paved and unpaved roads. This paper presents a study on the use of geosynthetic to reinforce unpaved roads on poor subgrade. A large equipment was used to perform the tests under cyclic loading and a nonwoven geotextile and a geogrid were used as reinforcing layers installed at the fill-subgrade interface. Displacements along the fill surface and stresses and strains in the subgrade were measured during the tests. Three cyclic loading stages were applied in each test up to a rut depth at the fill surface of 25 mm be reached in each stage. At the end of a loading stage the fill surface was repaired for the following loading stage. Monotonic loading tests were also carried out for comparisons. The results obtained show the significant contribution of the presence of the reinforcement layer in increasing the number of load cycles for a given rut depth to be reached and in reducing the stresses and strains in the subgrade, particularly when geogrid reinforcement was used. It was also observed that monotonic loading tests underestimated the contribution from the reinforcement. A simple cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the reduction of maintenance works due to the use of geosynthetic reinforcement may yield to significant savings in this type of problem, seldom considered in the analysis of the economics of this type of application on a routine basis.     

DIC assessment of foundation soil response for different reinforcement between base and soft subgrade layer – Physical modeling

This paper presents insights from small-scale model tests on statically loaded strip footing on dense base sand supported by a single reinforcement layer. The selected reinforcement includes various lengths of wire mesh and a non-woven geotextile placed on soft subgrade sand. The influence of these inclusions on base and subgrade response (deformations and failure mechanism) is evaluated from the displacement pattern obtained by the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The benefits of the reinforcement and geotextile were assessed by comparing the results obtained for the improved and unreinforced soil model. Additionally, the confining effect of the reinforcement was experimentally analyzed by comparing the sand displacements around the wire mesh reinforcement with different aperture geometry and geotextile without apertures. These systematically selected reinforcement geometries enabled the investigation of the aperture size influence on base and subgrade behavior during surcharge loading. Results confirm the contribution of reinforcement inclusions to the improved behavior of base and subgrade layers compared to the unreinforced soil. The test results with different reinforcement confirm the influence of the aperture geometry on the model response during the surcharge load application. Compared to large apertures, enhanced confining and membrane actions were obtained for reinforcement with relatively small apertures.     

湛江电厂土工织物加筋灰堤的现场测试研究

软基上的填土工程已广泛使用土工织物加筋作为处理措施。本文介绍了湛江电厂灰堤的现场监测试验结果，对不同处理型式下的地表沉降、地基内侧向位移和织物拉伸变形进行了分析，为类似工程的合理设计与施工提供了经验．     

Centrifuge model tests on the behavior of strip footing on geotextile-reinforced slopes

This paper examines the stability of geotextile-reinforced slopes when subjected to a vertical load applied to a strip footing positioned close to the slope crest. Vertical spacing between geotextile reinforcement was varied while maintaining a constant slope angle, load position, soil density and geotextile type. Small-scale physical tests were conducted using a large beam centrifuge to simulate field prototype conditions. After the model was accelerated to 40g, a load was applied to the strip footing until slope failure occurred. Digital image analysis was performed, using photographs taken in-flight, to obtain slope displacements and strain distribution along the reinforcement layers at different loading pressures during the test and at failure. Stability analysis was also conducted and compared with centrifuge model test results. The vertical spacing between reinforcement layers has a significant impact on the stability of a reinforced slope when subjected to a vertical load. Less vertical distance between reinforcement layers allows the slope to tolerate much greater loads than layers spaced further apart. Distributions of peak strains in reinforcement layers due to the strip footing placed on the surface of the reinforced slope were found to extend up to mid-height of the slope and thereafter they were found to be negligible. Stability analysis of the centrifuge models was found to be consistent with the observed performance of geotextile-reinforced slopes subjected to loading applied to a strip footing near the crest.