电容式加速度计读出电路芯片设计

针对实验室的差分电容变化量为fF量级、频带宽度为0~20kHz的电容式加速度计,设计了一种可以有效减少噪声、失调电压和寄生电容影响的读出电路。该电路由开关电容积分电路、低噪声运放和单位增益采样保持电路组成。在0.5μm 2P3MCMOS工艺下完成该电路设计,通过仿真结果表明,该电路的输出电压与差分电容变化量成很好的线性关系,可以检测差分电容变化量达到fF量级。     

基于嵌入式油品含水率检测系统的设计

文中设计了一种基于嵌入式的油品含水率检测系统。该系统硬件部分设计了电容-电压转换电路、温度测量电路、串口通信电路以及单片机最小系统电路等。通过设计的电容传感器来检测油中的含水量,把含水量的多少转换为电容传感器电容值的变化,最后根据相应关系计算出含水率。经实验研究表明,该系统含水率检测精度达到了0.01级,测量精度高、稳定性好。     

一种电容薄膜真空计检测电路的设计

针对电容薄膜真空计的电容检测精度要求高以及非线性的问题,文中设计了一种基于二极管桥的检测电路。该电路检测电容薄膜真空计的测量电容与参考电容的差值,能有效抑制共模噪声的干扰,并采用负反馈的方法对非线性进行补偿。仿真表明负反馈的方法能够有效降低真空计的非线性,在仿真数据上非线性度从7.27%降低到0.662%。实际测试结果表明该电路能准确地检测电容,电路灵敏度为1.85 V/pF,非线性度为0.4%,电路稳定性较好。     

电容式微机械惯性传感器信号检测技术研究

针对具有差分电容接口的微机械惯性传感器提出了一种基于电荷放大器和相关检测技术的接口电路方案.采用电荷放大器作为电容-电压转换电路,来去除传感器本身以及传输导线引起的寄生电容的干扰.利用PSPICE模拟了桥路的不对称性对电路输出的影响,经过比较采用单载波差分电桥结构以进一步增大电容检测的灵敏度.采用相关检测技术进行解调,通过解调电路对前置输出电压和载波信号进行相关运算从而消除电路的宽频噪声;给出了包括布线、接地、去耦等电路工艺的设计原则.采用一组标定电容作为传感器的模型进行了实验,实验电路灵敏度可以达到195V/pF,最小分辨率为1fF.采用该方案能够满足对普通精度的电容式微机械惯性传感器信号的检测.     

基于CAV424的电容式压力传感器测量电路设计

随着差动式硅电容传感器广泛应用于各行各业中,对差动电容信号的检测至关重要.文中提出基于CAV424电容检测芯片作为前置检测单元,实现了电容压力传感器测量电路.该电路具有稳定性好,抗干扰性强,且通过非线性补偿有良好的线性.实验结果表明,实际电路与理论分析具有良好的一致性.     

高性能微加速度计接口电路的研究

介绍一种可用于微机械电容式加速度计检测的接口电路，该电路利用电荷放大器把电容变化转变成电压变化，再对被加速度信号调制的载波信号进行解调，经过低通放大滤波，最后得到与加速度信号成正比的直流电压信号，具有测量差分电容变化的功能和灵敏度高、线性好的特点。整体电路通过Pspice进行了仿真，优化后制成PCB板进行实验。实验结果线性度为5％，灵敏度为19．5V／pF，表明该电路是一种具有实用价值的电容式加速度计检测接口电路。     

基于嵌入式系统的油水液位检测系统的设计

针对传统油水分离技术存在检测精度低、过程繁琐等问题,设计了一种基于新型电容传感器的油水液面检测系统。该系统以STM32和CPLD为开发平台,硬件部分设计了激励信号源电路、微小电容检测电路、相敏解调电路等。通过利用新型分段式电容传感器检测油水界面时传感器中电容的变化量来拟定油水液位高度和电压的线性曲线,最后计算出油水液位的高度。实际实验结果表明,该系统具有测量精度高,误差小于3 mm,稳定性好等优点。     

静电悬浮加速度计检测线路设计及实验研究

本文首先介绍静电悬浮加速度计在国内外的发展现状以及在空间技术中的应用，然后介绍静电悬浮加速度计的基本工作原理。针对测量微弱差动电容△C的检测线路进行设计，建立了用于调制△C的变压器电流电桥的等效电路模型，导出了用于调制信号放大的宽带放大电路的放大倍数KAC，分析了采用2路TTL同步方波信号控制4路单刀单掷模拟开关的解调电路工作过程，估算了滤波电路的截止频率f-3dB，使得解调信号在工作频带fs内基本保持0dB增益，在高于载波频率f0上获得较大的衰减。实验结果表明，该检测线路实际灵敏度为0．601mV／fF，考虑线路固有噪声和寄生电容的影响，最小分辨率达到1．06fF。     

一种基于电压反馈运算放大器的微小电容检测电路

为了实现微小电容的精密测量设计了一种基于电压反馈运算放大器的检测电路。该电路主要由激励信号产生模块、电容检测模块、峰值检波模块和低通滤波模块4部分组成。首先,通过理论分析与模型仿真验证了检测原理的有效性和可行性;然后,通过对比研究完成了电路关键参数的优化。实验结果表明设计的电容检测系统能够准确地以99.8 mV/pF的满量程灵敏度将变化的电容值转换为相应的直流电压信号。     

基于交流法的ECT成像系统的硬件设计

为了实现多相流流动过程的多参数测量,设计了一套用于气固两相流检测的双截面32电极电容层析成像系统。系统以STM32F4为开发平台,硬件部分设计了信号发生器电路、电容/电压(C/V)转换电路、信号调制解调电路、A/D转换电路、D/A转换电路、ARM与CPLD及其外围电路。系统采用交流法电容检测原理实现具有32个独立电容检测通道的电容测量电路,将采集的2层截面图像做相关计算,来获取截面成像的固相速度分布。最后对ECT成像系统的线性度和数据采集稳定性进行分析,经实验表明,该系统具有较高的一致性和稳定性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...