高铁板式轨道区段箱梁结构噪声辐射分析

利用Simpack软件建立高速列车-轨道耦合动力学模型,计算在轨道不平顺谱激励下的轮轨垂向力,以此作为载荷边界条件施加到高架箱梁结构的有限元模型。计算了高架箱梁表面的振动响应,并利用箱梁结构振动响应作为声学边界条件。进而又采用间接边界元法对其进行声辐射分析。研究结果表明,利用板壳单元,采用有限元—边界元方法能够有效计算混凝土简支箱梁结构的振动噪声,主要集中在0~200Hz的低频段,峰值主要出现在中心频率16Hz、25Hz与80 Hz~100Hz;横向声场的声压级随着距离的增加而减小,频率越低越明显;垂向声场的声压级整体上随离地面距离的增加而增大,其中远场区域的声压级在低于31.5Hz的频段内变化不大,在80 Hz~100Hz频段内箱梁结构对其附近及上方区域的结构噪声大于其它区域,尤其是箱梁正上方。     

障板对于平板声辐射特性的影响分析

采用单层势和双层势求解和比较有障板和无障板的声辐射特性。由边界积分方程,分别推导有障板和无障板的声压积分方程,根据交界相容性条件,获取二重积分形式的平板表面声压和振速。进一步将结构的动力方程代入有障板和无障板形式的振速方程中,离散声压差值和板的位移为振动模态叠加的形式,获得二重积分形式的声辐射阻抗,从而求解振动模态系数,确定声辐射特性参数。以水下简支矩形板为例计算对比了声辐射参数,分析障板对薄板声辐射特性的影响。     

弯曲振动薄圆板的辐射效率

通过对激励点进行面平均,研究了点简谐力激励下圆板在固定及简支边界条件下弯曲振动时的模态辐射效率及平均辐射效率,分析了圆板的厚度、阻尼损耗因子、半径及边界条件对其平均辐射效率的影响规律。研究表明：圆板在点简谐力的激励下,其模态辐射效率及平均辐射效率在中、低频段随频率的增高而增大,而在高频段二者则均趋近于1;圆板的平均辐射效率与激励力的大小及位置无关,而由圆板的厚度、阻尼损耗因子、边界条件及半径所决定;当频率一定时,圆板的平均辐射效率在中频段随着其厚度、阻尼损耗因子的增大及半径的减小而增大,而在低频段,则与这三个因素无关;固定及简支边界条件下圆板在全频段的平均声辐射效率基本相同。     

城市轨道交通箱梁中高频振动导纳特性试验研究

以某城市轨道交通30 m混凝土简支箱梁为研究对象,开展现场锤击试验,对其中高频振动导纳特性进行了研究。结果表明:简支箱梁顶板和翼板导纳优势频段为中心频率80 Hz~125 Hz,峰值频率为100 Hz;腹板和底板导纳优势频段为中心频率63 Hz~100 Hz,峰值频率为80 Hz。随着距离激励点距离的增大,箱梁各板件的中高频振动导纳逐渐减小,作用在箱梁上的力对距离激励点L/4(L为桥梁跨度)以外的梁段影响很小。简支箱梁各截面的形式沿纵桥向变化不大,因而各截面的中高频振动特性也差别不大。箱梁各板件导纳峰值频率重合可能引起板件共振,增大板件振动和噪声辐射。增大简支箱梁各板件厚度能够抑制其中高频振动,有利于减振降噪。     

弹性边界约束矩形板的振动特性分析：理论、有限元和实验

提出一种有效的理论方法研究弹性边界约束矩形板的振动特性,并设计实验测试不同边界矩形板的固有频率。矩形板的弹性边界约束采用一系列的均布线性弹簧模拟,用特征正交多项式来表示矩形板的位移容许函数,并采用瑞利?里茨法获得弹性边界约束矩形板的固有频率和固有振型。通过改变边界弹簧的刚度即可模拟矩形板不同的边界条件,提高计算效率。基于理论方法计算获得结构固有频率并和有限元及实验结果进行对比,验证所提理论方法的正确性。此外,通过实验测试的方法分析弹性?简支、弹性?固支等不同边界组合条件下矩形板的振动特性,分析调整不同边界弹簧刚度对矩形板振动特性的影响。     

叶片旋转噪声激励下旋涡风机壳体声辐射计算理论及分析

基于旋涡风机内螺旋形流动,采用面元法和螺旋桨尾流面建模法建立叶片表面气动载荷理论计算模型。根据FW-H方程所得的叶片旋转噪声结果对旋涡风机壳体进行简化,基于Fluegge薄壳理论和拉格朗日能量法建立了旋涡风机壳体动力学模型,并结合边界元法建立了壳体远场声辐射的理论计算模型。理论计算的壳体声辐射指向性表明,壳体声辐射主要是在风机的周向位置,与试验结果一致。且较商业软件仿真,采用该文理论方法的计算时间大幅减少。最后利用理论计算模型,探讨了叶片数、叶片厚度、叶片宽度和叶片弯角对叶片旋转噪声激励下壳体声辐射的影响规律:叶片数的增加使得声压级逐渐减小;叶片厚度的改变对平均声压级几乎没有影响;随着叶片宽度的增加,声压级先减小再增大;声压级随前向叶片弯角的增大而增大,随后向弯角的增加而减小。     

MY准则解析受均布载荷简支斜板极限载荷

为了得到斜板极限载荷的解析解,用平均屈服(MY)准则,对受均布载荷的简支金属斜板进行了塑性极限分析.首次获得MY准则下斜板极限载荷的解析解,该解是斜板几何参数长l1,宽l2以及长宽夹角θ的函数.研究表明:随着θ的增大,极限载荷先增大而后减小;斜板面积增加,极限载荷减小.得到了菱形、矩形和方形板的解析解,并将方形板的解析解与Tresca、Mises以及TSS提供的极限载荷进行比较,对比表明:方板的极限载荷与边长成反比关系,Tresca屈服准则提供极限载荷的下限,TSS屈服准则提供上限,MY准则预测结果恰居二者中间,且最靠近Mises解.     

有限大障板上轴对称扬声器声压级的近似计算方法

扬声器声压级测试一般是将扬声器安装在矩形标准障板上进行的,而要通过仿真分析方法准确计算该扬声器在这种声场条件下的声压级,以往只能采用3D模型,其计算量非常大。提出了一种近似计算方法,将有限大障板近似为很多个扇形障板块的组合,再利用2D轴对称模型的仿真分析方法计算每个扇形障板块影响下的声压,进而得到轴对称扬声器安装在该有限大障板上的声压级。这种方法使仿真分析模型与实际测试相符合,同时也避免了规模庞大的3D仿真计算。     

基于修正样条函数分析滑移边界矩形板的自由振动

提出了一种分析滑移边界各向同性和正交各向异性矩形板振动特性的数值方法一双向样条离散法。该方法适用于各种可能组合边界矩形板的自由振动分析；边界包括自由、简支、固定和滑移边界。在x和y方向，板被离散成N和M个等分区间。为适应任意边界，修改N＋3和M＋3维硝样条函数向量的最前和最后三个函数，得到x方向N＋1个点、y方向M＋1个点和x-y方向两个附加点的修正的邱样条函数向量，并以此作为板的位移试函数。在给定边界下，修正的B3样条函数向量对位移、位移的一阶导数和二阶导数都仅保留一个未知系数。基于矩形板的势能泛函导出其特征方程。与有限元法和样条有限条法相比，本文方法具有自由度少、计算效率高和输入数据少等优点。数值计算结果表明，本方法具有高的计算精度。     

电厂球磨机筒体辐射声场的计算

本文将噪声预测理论应用到球磨机的降噪工程上,针对球磨机建立了结构和激励简化模型,采用半解析的组合梁函数法求解出振动响应后,结合边界元方法计算了辐射声场分布。计算结果正确预测出近场中低频段的指向性特点和远场声压级水平,与实测谱值有较好的一致性。     

The Sound Radiation Characteristic from Un-baffled Rectangular Plates

The sound radiation characteristic from un-baffled rectangular plates is studied in this paper. Both the pressure jump and the transverse displacement of vibrating rectangular plates are also presented. The sound power level radiated from un-baffled plates is numerically calculated by using a double layer integral representation of the sound radiation pressure and the modal coupling coefficients. Rectangular plates with clamped support and elastically support encountered frequently are calculated as numerical experiments. The sound power level radiated from baffled rectangular plates with the same boundary conditions are also calculated in numerical experiments for comparison. From the viewpoint of energy, average velocity square of un-baffled and baffled rectangular plates with␣different boundary conditions is also calculated respectively. The relationship of sound radiation efficiency between un-baffled and baffled rectangular plates is also deduced.This Works is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50075029)     

Large deflection initial failure analysis of angle-ply laminated plates

A large deflection initial failure analysis of square angle-ply laminated plates subjected to uniform pressure loading is described. Approximate numerical solutions of the Mindlin laminated plate equations are derived using finite differences in conjunction with the Dynamic Relaxation (DR) technique. The solutions are scaled to satisfy the Tsai-Hill lamina failure criterion. The effects of plate slenderness, in-plane edge restraint and lay-up on the initial failure pressure and associated plate centre deflection are quantified for ±45° laminated plates with simply supported and clamped edges. It is shown, particularly for thin plates, that in-plane edge restraint increases the initial failure pressure substantially, though changing the plate edge conditions from simply supported to clamped does not always increase the initial failure pressure.     

时速400 km高速列车转向架区域气动噪声控制

气动降噪控制对高速列车运行环保性和乘坐舒适性至关重要.以某时速400 km高速列车1∶8缩比模型为研究对象,建立了基于转向架舱前缘、侧缘、后缘3种策略的6种气动降噪控制方案.通过大涡模拟得到非定常流场和气动噪声源项,采用FW-H方程和声扰动方程计算远场和近场噪声,得到不同控制方案对远场噪声、近场噪声的控制效果和影响频域...     

Elastic-plastic buckling analysis of rectangular plates subjected to biaxial loads

In order to calculate the buckling load of a rectangular plate, the analytical approach is used in this study. The plate is assumed to be simply supported on four edges and loaded by uniform stresses along the edges. If the plate is slender, the buckling is elastic. However, if the plate is sturdy, it buckles in the plastic range. Then, the instantaneous moduli in the constitutive equations depend on the external loading. In this study, the elastic and plastic buckling equations are derived for rectangular plates under biaxial loading, and the corresponding interaction curves are presented. The influences of aspect ratios, load ratios and hardening factors on the buckling stresses are investigated for rectangular plates. From the plastic buckling analysis, the optimal combination of loads is given for the buckling strength.     

Elastic-plastic buckling analysis of rectangular plates subjected to biaxial loads

In order to calculate the buckling load of a rectangular plate, the analytical approach is used in this study. The plate is assumed to be simply supported on four edges and loaded by uniform stresses along the edges. If the plate is slender, the buckling is elastic. However, if the plate is sturdy, it buckles in the plastic range. Then, the instantaneous moduli in the constitutive equations depend on the external loading. In this study, the elastic and plastic buckling equations are derived for rectangular plates under biaxial loading, and the corresponding interaction curves are presented. The influences of aspect ratios, load ratios and hardening factors on the buckling stresses are investigated for rectangular plates. From the plastic buckling analysis, the optimal combination of loads is given for the buckling strength.     

An RMVT-Based Finite Rectangular Prism Method for the 3D Analysis of Sandwich FGM Plates with Various Boundary Conditions

A Reissner's mixed variational theorem (RMVT)-based finite rectangular prism method (FRPM) is developed for the three-dimensional (3D) analysis of sandwich functionally graded material (FGM) plates subjected to mechanical loads, in which the edge conditions of the plates are such that one pair of opposite edges is simply supported and the other pair may be combinations of free, clamped or simply supported edges. The sandwich FGM plate considered consists of two thin and stiff homogeneous material face sheets combined with an embedded thick and soft FGM core, the material properties of which are assumed to obey the powerlaw distributions of the volume fractions of the constituents. In this formulation, the plate is divided into a number of finite rectangular prisms, in which the trigonometric functions and Lagrange polynomials are used to interpolate the y-direction and x-ζ plane variations of the primary field variables of each individual prism, respectively. Because an h-refinement process is adopted to yield the convergent solutions in this analysis, the prism-wise either linear or quadratic function distribution through the x-ζ plane is assumed for the related field variables. A unified formulation of these FRPMs with freely-chosen orders for assorted field variables is presented. It is shown that these quadratic FRPM solutions of simply supported, multilayered composite plates and sandwich FGM ones are in excellent agreement with the exact 3D solutions available in the literature, and those of multilayered composite plates with various boundary conditions closely agree with the solutions obtained using the ANSYS commercial software.     

Finite strip analysis of imperfect laminated plates under end shortening and normal pressure

The finite strip method is developed to predict the geometrically non-linear response of rectangular laminated plates subjected to progressive end shortening whilst initial imperfection and/or applied pressure loading are also present. The development is an extension of earlier work concerned with perfect, unpressurized laminates which have simply supported loaded ends at which lateral in-plane expansion is either allowed freely or is prevented completely. The analysis is conducted in the contexts of classical plate theory and first-order shear deformation plate theory, in turn. A number of applications involving both isotropic plates and laminated plates is described.     

Free vibration analysis of thin isotropic and anisotropic rectangular plates by the discrete singular convolution algorithm

This paper presents the free vibration analysis of thin isotropic and anisotropic rectangular plates with various boundary conditions by using the discrete singular convolution (DSC) algorithm. Based on Taylor's series expansion, a unique scheme is proposed to handle various boundary conditions, including the simply supported (S), clamped (C) and free (F) edge. To validate the proposed method, the non‐dimensional frequency parameters of isotropic, orthotropic and angle‐ply symmetric laminated rectangular plates with various combinations of boundary conditions are obtained by using the DSC algorithm and compared with the analytical and/or numerical solutions. Comparisons reveal that the proposed method can handle the zero bending moment and zero shear force conditions for the isotropic as well as anisotropic plates. The proposed method provides an alternative way for applying the simply supported boundary conditions in applications of the DSC algorithm to plate structures. This investigation extends the application range of the DSC algorithm to vibration analysis of anisotropic plates with various combinations of boundary conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

矩形板辐射体弯曲振动的轴向声场计算

文章利用数值计算结合有限元方法,推导了一种计算自由边界条件下弯曲振动矩形板辐射体近远场轴向声压的方法。以算例中的矩形平板辐射体和阶梯矩形板辐射体为例,分别计算了其轴向声压并进一步进行了实测。最后,测试了声压与施加在激励换能器上的输入功率之间的关系。结果表明:在辐射体近场区域内,轴向声压随距离的增大有较大的起伏,近场多次出现声压极大值与极小值;在远场区域声压随距离的增加而缓慢衰减。输入功率不同时,辐射体轴向声压随距离变化的趋势相同,进一步说明所述计算方法的正确性。     

Thermomechanical buckling of hybrid cross-ply laminated rectangular plates

A thermomechanical buckling analysis is presented for simply supported rectangular symmetric cross-ply laminated composite plates that are integrated with surface-mounted piezoelectric actuators and are subjected to the combined action of in-plane compressive edge loads, two types of thermal loads, and constant applied actuator voltage. The formulation of equations is based on the classical laminated plate theory and the von-Karman non-linear kinematic relations. The analysis uses an exact method to obtain closed-form solutions for the buckling load. The effects of applied actuator voltage, thermal and mechanical loads, plate geometry, and lay-up configuration of the laminated plates are investigated. The novelty of the present work is to obtain closed-form solutions for electro-thermomechanical buckling of hybrid composite plates, and to cover non-uniform temperature distribution loading. The results for various states are verified with known data in the literature.