K2NiF4型结构的A2－xSrxBO4(A＝La, Dy, B＝Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)希土复合氧化物的合成

以典型的轻希土镧和重希土镝及碱土金属锶作为Ａ位离子，以过渡金属锰、铁、钴、镍作为Ｂ位离子，合成了Ｋ２ＮｉＦ４型结构的Ａ２－ｘＳｒｘＢＯ４希土复合氧化物，采用粉末Ｘ射线衍射技术考察了反应条件等因素对生成Ｋ２ＮｉＦ４型四方（Ｔ）结构上析影响，实现结果表明，四方结构的形成不仅与几何因素有关，而且与各组分的物理化学性质有关。各个不同的组成，生成四方相的温度范围也有所不同。适当地提高反应温度以及延长灼烧时间     

NdSr_（1－x）M_xNiO_4（M＝Ca，Ba）的合成，结构和电学磁学性

用固相法首次合成了ＮｄＳｒ＿（１－ｘ）Ｍ＿ｘＮｉＯ＿４（Ｍ＝Ｃａ：０．０≤１．０；Ｍ＝Ｂａ：０．０≤ｘ≤０．６）系列复合氧化物，并研究了其结构，红外光谱，电学性质和磁学性质。除ＮｄＣａＮｉＯ以正交晶系结晶外，其它试样的结构均属于四方晶系。ＩＲ谱显示随Ｃａ￣（２＋）离子含量的增加，ＮｄＳｒ＿（１－ｘ）Ｍ＿ｘＮｉＯ＿４的Ｎｉ－Ｏ键缩短，Ｃａ￣（２＋）和Ｂａ￣（２＋）引入ＮｄＳｒＮｉＯ＿４以取代Ｓｒ￣（２＋），使试样由金属性导电转变为半导体性导电；随Ｃａ￣（２＋）含量增加，试样的室温电阻率增大。７７～３００Ｋ磁化率与温度关系曲线显示，所有试样的Ｎｉ￣（３＋）都以低自旋状态存在。     

Pr_（2－x）Sr_xNiO_（4±δ）的合成、结构和电磁性质

用固相法合成了Ｐｒ＿（２－ｘ）Ｓｒ＿ｘＮｉＯ＿（４±δ）（０．０≤ｘ≤１．０）系列Ｋ＿２ＮｉＦ＿４型化合物，研究了其结构，红外光谱，电磁性质。当０．０≤ｘ＜０．１和ｘ＝１．０时以正交晶系结晶；当０．１≤ｘ＜１．０时以四方晶系结晶；Ｎｉ离子平均价态在＋２至＋３价之间。当ｘ值较小时，样品中含有过量的氧。ＮｉＯ＿６八面体中Ｎｉ￣（３＋）的Ｊａｈｎ－Ｔｅｌｌｅｒ畸变引起ｃ／ａ值在ｘ＝０．５处出现极大，在７７～２５０Ｋ之间，样品磁性质符合居里－外斯定律，并表现出反铁磁相互作用。电学性质的变化可以理解为Ｎｉ￣（３＋）离子电子组态由：变至的结果     

Ni系ABO_3和A_2BO_4型复合氧化物的固态物化性质与NO+CO反应的催化性能

合成了具有钙钛石ＡＢＯ３结构的ＬａＮｉＯ３和Ｌａ０．１Ｓｒ０．９ＮｉＯ３及具有类钙钛石Ａ２ＢＯ４结构的Ｌａ２ＮｉＯ４和ＬａＳｒＮｉＯ４等四个Ｎｉ系复合氧化物催化剂．研究了该系列复合氧化物的晶体结构，缺陷结构，Ｂ位Ｎｉ离子的价态，氧化还原性能及对ＮＯ分子的吸附性能等固态物化性质．考察了它们对ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应的催化性能，并与ＮＯ直接分解进行了对比研究．探讨了结构因素对Ｎｉ系复合氧化物催化剂的固态物化性质及催化性能的影响．提出了ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应的反应机理．     

水溶液中制备Ti—P—B超细非晶合金微粒的化学反应

研究了新型Ｎｉ－Ｐ－Ｂ超细非晶合金（ＵＦＡＡＰ）的制备化学反应。Ｎｉ－Ｐ－Ｂ ＵＦＡＡＰ通过在溶液中使用ＫＢＨ４和ＮａＨ２ＰＯ２还原ＮｉＣｌ２生成，反应较复杂，涉及６个基本化学方程式。通过临控反应ｐＨ随时间的变化，发现总反应分成４个阶段，其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段分别生成Ｎｉ－Ｐ－Ｂ和Ｎｉ－Ｂ ＵＦＡＡＰ。在第Ⅱ阶段收集样品可得Ｎｉ－Ｐ－Ｂ。随着反应物比例ｎ（Ｈ２ＰＯ２）／ｎ（Ｎｉ＾２＋）的增加，产物中的磷含     

Ni／Al2O3催化剂上CH4／CO2重整的脉冲反应研究

报道了用脉冲反应研究Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＣＨ４／ＣＯ２重整反应的结果。脉冲反应显示，在还原的Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，ＣＨ４在６７３Ｋ就开始发生分解，并有Ｃ２Ｈ６、Ｃ２Ｈ４生成，１０２３Ｋ下，ＣＨ４几乎完全分解，单纯的ＣＯ２则很难在还原的催化剂上发生反应，在９７３Ｋ以上的高温下才会有少量Ｃ胜成ＣＯ．ＣＨＣＯ２的脉冲反应表明，当ＣＨ４在较低温度下开始分解时，ＣＯ２也会发生分解，并生成ＣＯ。脉冲反     

4─氨基─1，2，4─三氮唑树脂对Ir（Ⅳ）和Ru（Ⅳ）的吸附行为

４－氨基－１，２，４－三氮唑树脂（４—ａｍｉｎｏ—１，２，４—ｔｒｌａｚｏｌｅｒｅｓｉｎ，４－ＡＴＲ）功能基含量３．７６ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ４—ＡＴＲ。它对Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｕ（Ⅳ）的吸附容量分别为５３５（２．７８），３８６（３．８２）ｍｇ／ｇ４—ＡＴＲ（ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ４—ＡＴＲ）；吸附摩尔比分别为０．７４，１．０２（离子／功能基）．４—ＡＴＲ对Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｕ（Ⅳ）的表观吸附活化能分别为１３±２，１９±４ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ；吸附热焓分别为４０±９，２１±７ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ。在Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｕ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｈ（Ⅲ）、Ｆｅ３＋、Ｃｏ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｕ２＋共存的溶液中，４—ＡＴＲ对Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｕ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｈ（Ⅲ）有良好的选择吸附性．树脂吸附Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｕ（Ⅳ）前后红外谱图的变化表明功能基与金属离子形成配合物．     

A_2BO_4型催化活性材料结构与性能的研究Ⅰ．［La_（k－x）Sr_x□_（1－k）］_2Cu_（1－y）□_yO_（4－δ）体系

以硝酸盐为原料，用柠檬酸络合法按［Ｌａ１－ｋＳｒｘ□ｋ－ｘ］２ＣｕＯ４（Ｘ＝０、０．０５、０．１、０．１５、０．２，ｋ＝０．０２５）的配比制备了５个样品．应用多晶Ｘ射线衍射法研究了此Ｌａ－Ｓｒ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ系列Ａ２ＢＯ４型复合氧化物的非完整结构．结构研究表明，此系列结构空位型非完整的存在，使结构中Ｂ位的铜离子变价为Ｃｕ２＋和Ｃｕ３＋．但是，随着Ａ位Ｓｒ加入量的增加，Ａ位空位的减少，结构中Ｂ位Ｃｕ３＋量随之减少，Ｃｕ２＋量随之增加，样品对于ＣＯ氧化的催化性能缓慢下降，而ＮＯ还原的催化能力增强．高价态的Ｃｕ３＋的存在是实现对ＣＯ催化氧化的条件；而Ｃｕ２＋给电子能力促进了Ｎｏ－的生成，是ＮＯ催化还原的活性来源．从此系列样品的催化性能和精细结构的研究可得出，适当地调节Ａ２ＢＯ４型结构中Ａ位和Ｂ位的空位及Ｓｒ２＋的掺入量，使Ｂ位Ｃｕ２＋和Ｃｕ３＋保持适当的比例，可获得ＣＯ催化氧化和ＮＯｘ催化还原同时具有较高活性的催化活性材料．     

三（2－苯并咪唑亚甲基）胺硝酸镍（Ⅱ）配合物的合成及结构

三（２－苯并咪唑亚甲基）胺简称ＮＴＢ与Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）的硝酸盐形成配合物Ｃ２８Ｈ３５Ｎ９Ｏ９Ｓ２Ｎｉ。本文报道其合成，红外光谱及晶体结构。该化合物为三斜晶系，空间群Ｐ１－，ａ＝９．６５０（３），ｂ＝１２．７１６（２），ｃ＝１４．４３６，α＝１１．４６（２），β＝９１．６６（３），γ＝９７．５５（２）°，Ｖ＝１７１８（２）３，Ｚ＝２，Ｆ（０００）＝７９３，Ｄｃ＝１．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３，Ｍｒ＝７６４．１８，μ＝０．７４８ｍｍ－１。用ＣＡＤ４四圆衍射仪，ＭｏＫα射线收集数据。结构由重原子法解出。全矩阵最小二乘法修正，最终偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０６５，Ｒｗ＝０．０７２。结果表明，晶体中每个Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）与ＮＴＢ的四个Ｎ原子及水分子的Ｏ原子配位，形成扭曲的三角双锥构型。Ｎｉ位于结构的中心。     

ZrO_2及SO_4~（2－）／ZrO_2超强酸催化剂的XRD分析

用ＸＲＤ技术从定性和定量上对ＺｒＯ＿２，特别是超强酸催化剂的物相和四方相ＺｒＯ＿２的含量进行了详细的考察。结果表明，的引入使的晶化温度比ＺｒＯ＿２大约提高了１００Ｋ，并且使亚稳态四方相ＺｒＯ＿２得以稳定。亚稳态四方相ＺｒＯ＿２的含量主要受处理液浓度和焙烧温度的影响。处理液浓度越大，四方相含量越高；焙烧温度越高；四方相含量越低。强酸性的Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４溶液比弱酸性的（ＮＨ＿４）＿２ＳＯ＿４溶液对四方相的生成更有利。在无定形ＺｒＯ＿２、四方相ＺｒＯ＿２和单斜相ＺｒＯ＿２上的稳定性依次减小。     

Synthesis and structural characterisation of the new K2NiF4-type phases, A2In0.5Sb0.5O4(A = Sr, Ba)

In this paper the synthesis and structural characterisation of two new K2NiF4-type phases, Ba2In(0.5)Sb(0.5)O4 and Sr2In(0.5)Sb(0.5)O4, are reported. These are the first examples of K2NiF4 compounds of general formula A2MIII(0.5)M'(V)(0.5)O4 with both 3+ and 5+ cations in the octahedral sites. Ba2In(0.5)Sb(0.5)O4 is shown to have a tetragonal cell [space group I4/mmm, a= 4.1651(1), c= 13.299(1) A] with an essentially disordered arrangement of In and Sb. In the case of Sr2In(0.5)Sb(0.5)O4, however, ordering of In and Sb is observed leading to an expanded unit cell [Pmcb, a= 5.7592(1), b= 5.7740(1), c= 12.543(1) A]. The results therefore show that varying the size of the alkaline earth cation has a pronounced effect on the ordering of In and Sb within the structure.     

K_2NiF_4型Dy_(0.5)Sr_(1.5)MO_4(M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni)稀土复合氧化物的合成和催化性能考察

用重稀土镝的氧化物与锶、锰、铁、钴、镍的硝酸盐为原料,制备了A_2BO_4型Dy_(0.5)Sr_(1.5)MO_4(M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni)稀土复合氧化物,用XRD技术考察了物相,合成了K_2NiF_4型四方结构的Dy_(0.5)Sr_(1.5)MO_4,并研究了其催化性能。对结构容纳因子的适用性作了讨论。     

A2BO4型复合氧化物Dy0.5Sr1.5Mn1-xNixO4(0<=x<=1)的Rietveld分析和CO氧化催化活性

X射线衍射Rietveld分析和微反分析表明, A位含Dy的A2BO4型过渡金属稀土复合氧化物Dy0.5Sr1.5Mn1-xNixO4(0<=x<=1), 是空间群为I4/mmm的四方相K2NiFe型结构, A位和B位约有3%至7%的占位无序缺位。键价计算表明, B位Mn的平均价态在3.73至3.77之间, Ni在2.84至2.96之间。对CO氧化催化活性顺序为x=0.2>0.4>0.6>0.8>1.0。x=0.2的样品, 在空速5000h^-^1, 463K时, CO转化率达80%。     

Mn2(saltmen)2Ni(pao)2(L)2](A)2 with L=pyridine, 4-picoline, 4-tert-butylpyridine, N-methylimidazole and A=ClO4-, BF4-, PF6-, ReO4-: a family of single-chain magnets

A series of single-chain magnets, [Mn2(saltmen)2Ni(pao)2(L)2](A)2 (saltmen(2-)=N,N'-(1,1,2,2-tetramethylethylene) bis(salicylideneiminate), pao-=pyridine-2-aldoximate; A-=ClO4- with L=4-picoline; 2, 4-tert-butylpyridine; 3, N-methylimidazole; 4, and L=pyridine with A-=BF4-; 5, PF6-; 6, ReO4-; 7), was prepared by reactions between MnIII dimer units, i.e., [Mn2(saltmen)2(H2O)2](A)2 (A-=ClO4-, BF4-, PF6-) or Mn2(saltmen)2(ReO4)2, and NiII monomeric units, i.e., Ni(pao)2(L)2, in methanol/water media. The crystal structures of 4, 6, and 7 were established by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. These three compounds are isostructural with [Mn2(saltmen)2Ni(pao)2(py)2](ClO4)2 (1) (Clérac, R.; Miyasaka, H.; Yamashita, M.; Coulon, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 12837) and crystallize in monoclinic space group C2/c. The linear arrangement of MnIII dimer units and NiII building blocks leads to an alternating chain having a repeating unit, [-(O)2-Mn-ON-Ni-NO-Mn-]. The chains are well separated with the nearest interchain intermetallic distance of 10.36 A for 4, 10.51 A for 6, and 10.30 A for 7, and there is no significant pi-pi interchain interaction between ligands. The void space between the chains is occupied by counteranions, which control the three-dimensional organization of the chains. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) on a powder sample was also performed for all compounds. The XRD patterns for 1, 2, and 4-7 are very similar, emphasizing the isostructural nature of these materials although they have individually slight different interchain distances. Inversely, the XRD pattern for 3 reveals a completely different shape being indicative of the peculiar crystal packing compared to the others. Nevertheless, the one-dimensional nature of the structure is also kept in 3 as indicated by magnetic measurements. The whole family of compounds exhibits quasi-identical magnetic behavior compared to that described for 1. Above 30 K, the heterometallic chain can be described as an assembly of antiferromagnetically coupled Mn...Ni....Mn trimers (via oximate bridge, -24.2 K相似文献   

Ligand and substrate effects in gas-phase reactions of NiX(+)/RH couples (X=F, Cl, Br, I; R=CH3, C2H5, nC3H7, nC4H9)

The reactions of small saturated hydrocarbons by gaseous nickel cations NiX+ (X=F, Cl, Br, I) are investigated by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The halide cations are obtained from solutions of the corresponding Ni(II) salts in water or methanol as solvents. NiF+ is the only Ni(II) halide complex that brings about thermal activation of methane. The branching ratios of the observed reactions with C2H6, C3H8, and nC4H10 are shifted systematically by changing the nature of both the ligand X and the substrate RH. In the elimination of HX (X=F, Cl, Br, I), the formal oxidation state of the metal ion appears to be conserved, and the importance of this reaction channel decreases in going from NiF+ to NiI+. A reversed trend is observed in the losses of small closed-shell neutral molecules, that is, H2, CH4 and C2H6, which dominate the gas-phase ion chemistry of NiI+/RH couples. Additionally, inner-sphere electron-transfer reactions take place for a few systems, that is, the delivery of hydride or methanide ions from the hydrocarbon to NiX+ in the course of which the hydrocarbon is converted to a carbenium ion and the cationic metal complex gives rise to a neutral RNiX molecule (R=H, CH3). This process gains importance with decreasing atomic number of the halides and with increasing the size of the alkane. Thus, it constitutes the major pathway in the reactions of NiF+ with propane and n-butane, whereas it is not observed for any of the NiI+/RH couples investigated. Concerning the regioselectivity of the reactions with propane and n-butane, heterolytic cleavage of secondary carbon--hydrogen bonds is clearly preferred compared to that of primary ones, as revealed by deuterium labeling studies. For the NiF+/C3H8 couple, the selectivity of the hydride transfer is as large as 360 in favor of the secondary positions. Though smaller, large preferences for the activation of secondary C--H bonds are also operative in homolytic bond activation of RH (R=nC3H7, nC4H9).     

AVSeO(5) (A = Rb, Cs) and AV(3)Se(2)O(12) (A = K, Rb, Cs, NH(4)): Hydrothermal Synthesis in the V(2)O(5)-SeO(2)-AOH System and Crystal Structure of CsVSeO(5)

Hydrothermal reactions in the V(2)O(5)-SeO(2)-AOH systems (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH(4)) were studied with various reagent mole ratios. Typical millimole ratios were V(2)O(5)/SeO(2)/AOH = 5 or 3/15/x in 10-mL aqueous solutions, where x was 5, 10, 15, and 20. The reactions with x = 5 for A = K, Rb, Cs, and NH(4) at 230 degrees C produced single-phase products of the general formula AV(3)Se(2)O(12) with the (NH(4))(VO)(3)(SeO(3))(2) structure type. The x = 15 reactions for A = Rb and Cs yielded AVSeO(5) phases with a new structure type. The crystal structure for CsVSeO(5) was determined with X-ray single-crystal diffraction techniques to be monoclinic (P2(1) (No. 4), a = 7.887(3) ?, b = 7.843(2) ?, c = 9.497(3) ?, beta = 92.13(3) degrees, Z = 4). The structure of this compound consists of interwoven helixes extended in all three directions. The spires are composed of alternating SeO(3) and VO(5) units sharing common-edge oxygens in all three directions. For A = K and NH(4), the reactions of this mole ratio did not produce any identifiable phases. Each of the compounds is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopic, and thermogravimetric techniques. The dependency of the synthesis results on the reaction conditions is discussed and rationalized.     

New layered materials: syntheses, structures, and optical properties of K(2)TiCu(2)S(4), Rb(2)TiCu(2)S(4), Rb(2)TiaAg(2)S(4), Cs(2)TiAg(2)sS(4), and Cs(2)TiCu(2)Se(4)

The new compounds K(2)TiCu(2)S(4), Rb(2)TiCu(2)S(4), Rb(2)TiAg(2)S(4), Cs(2)TiAg(2)S(4), and Cs(2)TiCu(2)Se(4) have been synthesized by the reactions of A(2)Q(3) (A = K, Rb, Cs; Q = S, Se) with Ti, M (M = Cu or Ag), and Q at 823 K. The compounds Rb(2)TiCu(2)S(4), Cs(2)TiAg(2)S(4), and Cs(2)TiCu(2)Se(4) are isostructural. They crystallize with two formula units in space group P4(2)/mcm of the tetragonal system in cells of dimensions a = 5.6046(4) A, c = 13.154(1) A for Rb(2)TiCu(2)S(4), a =6.024(1) A, c = 13.566(4) A for Cs(2)TiAg(2)S(4), and a =5.852(2) A, c =14.234(5) A for Cs(2)TiCu(2)Se(4) at 153 K. Their structure is closely related to that of Cs(2)ZrAg(2)Te(4) and comprises [TiM(2)Q(4)(2)(-)] layers, which are separated by alkali metal atoms. The [TiM(2)Q(4)(2)(-)] layer is anti-fluorite-like with both Ti and M atoms tetrahedrally coordinated to Q atoms. Tetrahedral coordination of Ti(4+) is rare in the solid state. On the basis of unit cell and space group determinations, the compounds K(2)TiCu(2)S(4) and Rb(2)TiAg(2)S(4) are isostructural with the above compounds. The band gaps of K(2)TiCu(2)S(4), Rb(2)TiCu(2)S(4), Rb(2)TiAg(2)S(4), and Cs(2)TiAg(2)S(4) are 2.04, 2.19, 2.33, and 2.44 eV, respectively, as derived from optical measurements. From band-structure calculations, the optical absorption for an A(2)TiM(2)Q(4) compound is assigned to a transition from an M d and Q p valence band (HOMO) to a Ti 3d conduction band.     

K2M(III)2(M(VI)O4)(PO4)2 (M(III) = Fe, Sc; M(VI) = Mo, W), novel members of the lagbeinite-related family: synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties

The possibility of PO(4)(3-) for MoO(4)(2-) partial substitution in the langbeinite framework has been studied by exploration of the K-Fe(Sc)-Mo(W)-P-O systems using the high-temperature solution method. It was shown that 1/3PO(4)(3-) for MoO(4)(2-) substitution leads to formation of three novel compounds K(2)Fe(MoO(4))(PO(4))(2), K(2)Sc(MoO(4))(PO(4))(2), and K(2)Sc(WO(4))(PO(4))(2) with slightly increased lattice parameters and significant distortion of the anion tetrahedra without structure changes. In contrast, the antiferromagnetic structure is modified by substitution in the low-temperature region. The structural peculiarities are discussed in light of bond-valence sums calculations.     

Two-dimensional iron(II) spin crossover complex constructed of bifurcated NH...O- hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interactions: [FeII(HLH,Me)2](ClO4)2.1.5MeCN (HLH,Me = imidazol-4-yl-methylidene-8-amino-2-methylquinoline)

A 2D iron(II) spin crossover complex, [FeII(HLH,Me)2](ClO4)2.1.5MeCN (1), was synthesized, where HLH,Me = imidazol-4-yl-methylidene-8-amino-2-methylquinoline. 1 showed a gradual spin transition between the HS (S = 2) and LS (S = 0) states from 180 to 325 K within the first warming run from 5 to 350 K, in which 1.5MeCN is removed, and there was an abrupt spin transition at T1/2 downward arrow = 174 K in the first cooling run from 350 to 5 K. Following the first cycle, the compound showed an abrupt spin transition at T1/2 upward arrow = 185 K and T1/2 downward arrow = 174 K with 11 K wide hysteresis in the second cycle. The crystal structures of 1 were determined at 296 (an intermediate between the HS and LS states) and 150 K (LS state). The structure consists of a 2D extended structure constructed of both the bifurcated NH...O- hydrogen bonds between two ClO4- ions and two neighboring imidazole NH groups of the [FeII(HLH,Me)2]2+ cations and the pi-pi interactions between the two quinolyl rings of the two adjacent cations. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that solvent molecules are gradually eliminated even at room temperature and completely removed at 369 K. Desolvated complex 1' showed an abrupt spin transition at T1/2 upward arrow = 180 K and T1/2 downward arrow = 174 K with 6 K wide hysteresis.