Weaving an agent-based Semantic Grid for distributed collaborative manufacturing

The development and maintenance of distributed collaborative manufacturing systems is faced with increasing challenges caused by the technical difficulties and ontological issues in distributed computing, resource integration and knowledge sharing over heterogeneous computing platforms. This paper presents an agent-based Semantic Grid for distributed manufacturing collaboration across ubiquitous virtual enterprises. A hierarchy of autonomous, adaptive agents forming a ‘super peer’ based peer-to-peer network is laid out in the Semantic Grid to provide, in an open, dynamic, loosely coupled and scalable manner, the service publication, discovery and reuse for management of applications that need to utilise Grid resources. The operation and experimental evaluation of the system are presented to validate the implementation of the proposed approach.     

基于博弈论的云制造服务平台价格战应对策略研究

在云制造模式下，制造服务提供方的恶意低价或有意降价行为，将导致云制造服务平台出现价格战。本文对云制造服务平台的服务价格、报价商家数目以及一段时期内的成交次数等数据进行分析，得出制造服务提供方和需求方达到一定规模后其制造服务的报价服从正态分布规律的结论。将博弈论引入云制造领域，构建了云制造服务平台实施惩罚与不惩罚策略下制造服务提供方与云制造服务平台的博弈模型，达到了子博弈完美纳什均衡。针对制造服务提供方有意的缓慢降价行为，增加其获取信息的条件限制，从而提高了信息获取的成本。研究结果表明，本文提出的两种价格战应对策略，能够有效抑制制造服务提供方的恶意低价和有意降价行为，保证了云制造服务平台的平稳运行。     

基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ的云制造服务组合优化问题研究

为了实现企业在云制造环境下的节能,提出一种新的云制造服务组合优化方法,该方法既能降低能耗,又能在考虑不确定性的情况下提高服务质量。然后利用双目标模型和改进的NSGA-Ⅱ解决制造服务组合优化问题。实例研究结果表明:该模型从云制造服务平台(CMSP)的角度有效地控制了能耗,改进后的NSGA-Ⅱ在解决该问题上具有与MOPSO和标准的NSGA-Ⅱ相比的准确性和收敛性优势。     

A novel model for optimisation of logistics and manufacturing operation service composition in Cloud manufacturing system focusing on cloud-entropy

In recent years, economic globalisation and manufacturing resource globalisation as two key factors have driven enterprises to transform their business processes to survive in competitive environments. This transformation is challenging as manufacturing enterprises should maintain their support for their customers with high-quality products, lower cost, product customisation capabilities, and quick delivery. Moreover, globalisation has resulted in geographically distributed suppliers across the globe. This challenge will turn into a major research topic when paradigms like Cloud manufacturing are introduced. Cloud manufacturing is a new paradigm which provides ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable manufacturing resources. In this paper, to achieve the ideal goal of Cloud manufacturing, the concept of supplier network logistics planning and manufacturing service composition is focused. Every production task and logistics operation would be defined as a service considering operation process chart flows. The paper has proposed a mathematical model which selects an optimal set of manufacturing and logistics service composition in order to lower operation and logistics costs in operational perspective while fulfilling a novel idea for configured cloud entropy of logistics and operation suppliers. Finally, the paper has presented a numerical example and concluded the remarks, and outlined future research.     

Distributed Secure Storage Scheme Based on Sharding Blockchain

Distributed storage can store data in multiple devices or servers to improve data security. However, in today's explosive growth of network data, traditional distributed storage scheme is faced with some severe challenges such as insufficient performance, data tampering, and data lose. A distributed storage scheme based on blockchain has been proposed to improve security and efficiency of traditional distributed storage. Under this scheme, the following improvements have been made in this paper. This paper first analyzes the problems faced by distributed storage. Then proposed to build a new distributed storage blockchain scheme with sharding blockchain. The proposed scheme realizes the partitioning of the network and nodes by means of blockchain sharding technology, which can improve the efficiency of data verification between nodes. In addition, this paper uses polynomial commitment to construct a new verifiable secret share scheme called PolyVSS. This new scheme is one of the foundations for building our improved distributed storage blockchain scheme. Compared with the previous scheme, our new scheme does not require a trusted third party and has some new features such as homomorphic and batch opening. The security of VSS can be further improved. Experimental comparisons show that the proposed scheme significantly reduces storage and communication costs.     

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

There are numerous internet-connected devices attached to the industrial process through recent communication technologies, which enable machine-to-machine communication and the sharing of sensitive data through a new technology called the industrial internet of things (IIoTs). Most of the suggested security mechanisms are vulnerable to several cybersecurity threats due to their reliance on cloud-based services, external trusted authorities, and centralized architectures; they have high computation and communication costs, low performance, and are exposed to a single authority of failure and bottleneck. Blockchain technology (BC) is widely adopted in the industrial sector for its valuable features in terms of decentralization, security, and scalability. In our work, we propose a decentralized, scalable, lightweight, trusted and secure private network based on blockchain technology/smart contracts for the overhead circuit breaker of the electrical power grid of the Al-Kufa/Iraq power plant as an industrial application. The proposed scheme offers a double layer of data encryption, device authentication, scalability, high performance, low power consumption, and improves the industry’s operations; provides efficient access control to the sensitive data generated by circuit breaker sensors and helps reduce power wastage. We also address data aggregation operations, which are considered challenging in electric power smart grids. We utilize a multi-chain proof of rapid authentication (McPoRA) as a consensus mechanism, which helps to enhance the computational performance and effectively improve the latency. The advanced reduced instruction set computer (RISC) machines ARM Cortex-M33 microcontroller adopted in our work, is characterized by ultra-low power consumption and high performance, as well as efficiency in terms of real-time cryptographic algorithms such as the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA). This improves the computational execution, increases the implementation speed of the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm and provides data integrity and device authenticity at the perceptual layer. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent performance, data security, real-time data processing, low power consumption (70.880 mW), and very low memory utilization (2.03% read-only memory (RAM) and 0.9% flash memory) and execution time (0.7424 s) for the cryptographic algorithm. This enables autonomous network reconfiguration on-demand and real-time data processing.     

面向云制造服务的制造资源优化配置研究

为了降低云端制造服务成本,解决云制造环境下无需求偏好的制造资源优化配置的难题,充分考虑制造资源需求企业和云平台运营方的利益以及双方在制造资源配置服务过程中涉及到的服务质量（quality of sevice,QoS）因素和柔性因素,构建了云环境下代表制造资源需求企业和云平台运营方利益的多目标优化资源配置模型,并基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法对模型算例进行了求解,计算结果表明了该模型和算法的可行性、有效性和稳定性。     

Application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing: Theoretical basis,realistic plights,and development suggestions

Blockchain technology is considered one of the promising technologies of the information technology era. The core features of blockchain, such as decentralization, transparency, high security, and tamper-proof nature, bring great convenience for large-scale social cooperation and data sharing. Blockchain has a broad application prospect in the field of intelligent manufacturing. The key issues of this field, such as distributed collaborative production, industrial big data sharing and security, transparent logistics, and supply chain, are naturally consistent with the core characteristics of the blockchain technology. This study aims to analyze the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing. First, we introduce the basic connotation and applications of blockchain. Then, we propose the theoretical basis for the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing. Finally, we point out the realistic plights and provide some suggestions to promote the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing.     

考虑专家权重的包装企业云服务供应商综合评估

目的提供一种包装企业云服务供应商综合评估的方法。方法从应用和管理2个视域审视云服务供应商,建立包装企业云服务供应商综合评估指标框架。考虑不同专家经验水平、知识水平等的差异,通过BP神经网络从历史样本中求解各专家的权重。用基于专家权重改进的模糊层次分析法来对各评估指标进行主观赋权,用CRITIC法来对各评估指标进行客观赋权,基于主客观权重求解最终的合成权重。通过TOPSIS对候选的云服务供应商进行综合评估并排序。结果在某包装企业的应用算例证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。结论在包装产业与云计算的深度融合的背景下,所提出的云服务供应商综合评估方法能够为包装企业云制造模式的实施提供支持。     

Towards Privacy-Preserving Cloud Storage: A Blockchain Approach

With the rapid development of cloud computing technology, cloud services have now become a new business model for information services. The cloud server provides the IT resources required by customers in a self-service manner through the network, realizing business expansion and rapid innovation. However, due to the insufficient protection of data privacy, the problem of data privacy leakage in cloud storage is threatening cloud computing. To address the problem, we propose BC-PECK, a data protection scheme based on blockchain and public key searchable encryption. Firstly, all the data is protected by the encryption algorithm. The privacy data is encrypted and stored in a cloud server, while the ciphertext index is established by a public key searchable encryption scheme and stored on the blockchain. Secondly, based on the characteristics of trusted execution of smart contract technology, a control mechanism for data accessing and sharing is given. Data transaction is automatically recorded on the blockchain, which is fairer under the premise of ensuring the privacy and security of the data sharing process. Finally, we analyzed the security and fairness of the current scheme. Through the comparison with similar schemes, we have shown the advantages of the proposed scheme.     

Product platform architecture for cloud manufacturing

Cloud manufacturing is emerging as a new manufacturing paradigm and an integrated technology. To adapt to the increasing challenges of the traditional manufacturing industry transforming toward service-oriented and innovative manufacturing, this paper proposes a product platform architecture based on cloud manufacturing. Firstly, a framework for the product platform for cloud manufacturing was built. The proposed architecture is composed of five layers:resource, cloud technology, cloud service, application, and user layers. Then, several key enabling technologies for forming the product platform were studied. Finally, the product platform for cloud manufacturing built by a company was taken as an application example to illustrate the architecture and functions of the system. The validity and superiority of the architecture were verified.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-020-00306-1     

Collaboration of large equipment complete service under cloud manufacturing mode

This paper focuses on the need of the large equipment manufacturing industry to adapt collaborative operation to transform the industry to cloud manufacturing services and to solve the new problem of federal resources coordination in complete service operation. We systematically study federal resources cooperation under cloud manufacturing mode to complete a large complex project. The primary research contents are divided into four points. First, a system structure of cloud manufacturing service mode is presented. Second, a synergy logic framework from the global system perspective is designed based on generalised partial global planning. Third, a multi-level system coordination mechanism is established by integrating various methods, including the bidding game mechanism for enterprise external resources, the planning control mechanisms for enterprise internal resource and the global collaborative optimisation mechanism for enterprise global federal resources. Finally, a cloud manufacturing service platform for a typical enterprise is developed by combining theory with practice. The results can realise collaborative management in resource selection and configuration, service process planning control and service information feedback in cloud manufacturing service, as well as achieve overall synergy effect for the system.     

云制造模式下基于多目标非合作博弈的服务租赁定价策略

传统的制造企业通过销售产品和一定的售后服务获得利润,而在云制造模式下,关注产品质量、延长使用寿命,将产品作为服务租赁给客户成为一种新的盈利模式。本文将云服务平台中的服务提供方和服务需求方作为博弈双方,从供需Stackelberg博弈角度,结合大数据分析预测产品剩余使用寿命(remaining useful life, RUL),建立了云制造服务平台服务租赁的双层规划模型。双层规划问题是一类具有主从递阶结构的复杂决策问题,具有NP-hard性。本文使用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(nodominated sorting genetic algorithm II, NSGA-II,)对模型进行求解,并使用某刀具厂案例验证模型实用性和有效性。     

云制造中产品个性化定制研究综述

消费者对个性化产品购买需求的增加,对制造企业的定制生产能力提出了越来越高的要求。而现有制造企业存在的信息化水平不高、制造资源不足等问题,严重影响了制造企业向个性化生产转型的进程。针对上述情况,结合云制造概念及技术提出了云制造中产品个性化定制生产模式。为了更加深入地研究云制造中产品个性化定制的运行模式及阐述云制造平台在定制生产过程中的主要作用,从体系架构、服务流程、关键技术等方面对相关研究进行了回顾和介绍,然后列举了个性化定制生产模式在汽车、软件和服装行业的应用,最后对研究趋势进行了展望。分析表明,云制造平台汇聚全球的制造资源为个性化定制服务,能够有效解决单一制造企业实施个性化定制过程中面临的一系列困难,做到以较低的成本快速高效地满足消费者日益多样化、个性化的需求。     

An architecture for IoT-enabled intelligent process-aware cloud production platform: a case study in a networked cloud clinical laboratory

Cloud production is an emerging paradigm that supports co-designing and co-producing integrated solutions with customers. The realisation of this paradigm requires integrated platforms that enable parties collaborating within a production ecosystem to inter-operate networked business processes. Previous research has proposed different architectures for cloud production platforms from different perspectives like virtualiseng and servitiseng manufacturing resources, distributed and networked sensing supported by IoT technologies, and service-oriented and process-centred computing to compose and enact networked production services. However, an integrated architecture that brings together insights from service-oriented cloud manufacturing, IoT-enabled intelligence, and networked process-centred service composition and enactment has not been sufficiently addressed in previous research. In order to incorporate insights from the mentioned different perspectives, in this paper architectural analysis, synthesis, and evaluation steps are conducted to propose a conceptual architecture for IoT-enabled intelligent process-aware cloud production platforms. This architecture describes design-time and run-time components of a cloud production platform that can sense and intelligently respond to events within a value network. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed architecture within real-life scenarios, a case study is conducted in a cloud clinical laboratory in Tehran, Iran. Within this case study, a concrete cloud clinical laboratory platform has been instantiated.     

Enhancing Blockchain Security Using Ripple Consensus Algorithm

In the development of technology in various fields like big data analysis, data mining, big data, cloud computing, and blockchain technology, security become more constrained. Blockchain is used in providing security by encrypting the sharing of information. Blockchain is applied in the peer-to-peer (P2P) network and it has a decentralized ledger. Providing security against unauthorized breaches in the distributed network is required. To detect unauthorized breaches, there are numerous techniques were developed and those techniques are inefficient and have poor data integrity. Hence, a novel technique needs to be implemented to tackle the new breaches in the distributed network. This paper, proposed a hybrid technique of two fish with a ripple consensus algorithm (TF-RC). To improve the detection time and security, this paper uses efficient transmission of data in the distributed network. The experimental analysis of TF-RC by using the metric measures of performance in terms of latency, throughput, energy efficiency and it produced better performance.     

A New Anti-Quantum Proxy Blind Signature for Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Things

Blockchain technology has become a research hotspot in recent years with the prominent characteristics as public, distributed and decentration. And blockchain-enabled internet of things (BIoT) has a tendency to make a revolutionary change for the internet of things (IoT) which requires distributed trustless consensus. However, the scalability and security issues become particularly important with the dramatically increasing number of IoT devices. Especially, with the development of quantum computing, many extant cryptographic algorithms applied in blockchain or BIoT systems are vulnerable to the quantum attacks. In this paper, an anti-quantum proxy blind signature scheme based on the lattice cryptography has been proposed, which can provide user anonymity and untraceability in the distributed applications of BIoT. Then, the security proof of the proposed scheme can derive that it is secure in random oracle model, and the efficiency analysis can indicate it is efficient than other similar literatures.     

Advanced DAG-Based Ranking (ADR) Protocol for Blockchain Scalability

In the past decade, blockchain has evolved as a promising solution to develop secure distributed ledgers and has gained massive attention. However, current blockchain systems face the problems of limited throughput, poor scalability, and high latency. Due to the failure of consensus algorithms in managing nodes’identities, blockchain technology is considered inappropriate for many applications, e.g., in IoT environments, because of poor scalability. This paper proposes a blockchain consensus mechanism called the Advanced DAG-based Ranking (ADR) protocol to improve blockchain scalability and throughput. The ADR protocol uses the directed acyclic graph ledger, where nodes are placed according to their ranking positions in the graph. It allows honest nodes to use the Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG) topology to write blocks and verify transactions instead of a chain of blocks. By using a three-step strategy, this protocol ensures that the system is secured against doublespending attacks and allows for higher throughput and scalability. The first step involves the safe entry of nodes into the system by verifying their private and public keys. The next step involves developing an advanced DAG ledger so nodes can start block production and verify transactions. In the third step, a ranking algorithm is developed to separate the nodes created by attackers. After eliminating attacker nodes, the nodes are ranked according to their performance in the system, and true nodes are arranged in blocks in topological order. As a result, the ADR protocol is suitable for applications in the Internet of Things (IoT). We evaluated ADR on EC2 clusters with more than 100 nodes and achieved better transaction throughput and liveness of the network while adding malicious nodes. Based on the simulation results, this research determined that the transaction’s performance was significantly improved over blockchains like Internet of Things Applications (IOTA) and ByteBall.     

A conceptual framework for the ubiquitous factory

To cope with today's industrial demands requiring (1) coverage of the whole product life cycle, (2) environmentally conscious manufacturing, (3) competitive sustainability manufacturing, etc., a new manufacturing paradigm should be developed. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework for a new paradigm called ubiquitous factory (u-Factory) by applying ubiquitous computing technology to the manufacturing system. The u-Factory is based on our previously developed paradigm, called UbiDMR [1], meaning product design, manufacturing, and recycling via ubiquitous computing technology. The essence of u-Factory can be represented by three key phrases: (1) information transparency, (2) autonomous control, and (3) sustainable manufacturing. This paper comprises two parts. In the first part, we show the derivation procedure for the framework of the u-Factory using problem analysis of the current manufacturing system, design consideration and derivation of the architecture for the ubiquitous factory. In the second part, to demonstrate the validity and impact of the derived architecture, we develop the TO-BE model for manufacturing resource management. This is followed by a comparison with the AS-IS model.     

虚拟加工环境中标准化通信的研究与实现

通过在虚拟加工环境中实现基于MMS（制造报文规范）的标准化通令系统,探讨了虚拟制造平台实现网络集成的方法。介绍了MMS协议的内容,提出了系统的总体框架,并详细描述了基于MMS协议的通信支持系统与虚拟设备相连的服务接口系统的实现方法、框架结构和程序执行流程。