浆液下机器人定位功能实现

设计液下搅拌机器人的定位系统,选用多传感器来获取定位信息。用单片机(下位机)测得各个传感器信息,通过RS—485总线把信息传给工控机(上位机),工控机对信息进行融合,实时(本系统可达1 s)获得机器人的位置及航向信息。实验验证定位系统可行性,并对测距误差进行了分析,修正后定位误差在10 cm以内,满足对机器人的定位要求。     

吸尘机器人系统设计与避障算法研究

基于Cortex-M0微控制器设计超声波、红外和碰撞等多传感器硬件系统感知机器人工作环境,应用模糊神经网络对采集的数据进行信息融合处理,输出结果用来控制吸尘机器人的定位与避障。实验证明,多传感器硬件系统和基于模糊神经网络的避障算法大大提高了吸尘机器人的定位与避障精度,对不同的工作环境也具有良好的鲁棒性。     

移动机器人激光超声定位系统

本文提出了一种基于激光超声技术来实现移动机器人定位的方法。基于惯性导航系统的陀螺仪来提供机器人实时的方向和位置信息,新型的激光超声绝对定位系统消除机器人在惯性导航系统中方向和位置的累计误差。基于传感器、环境观测和机器人的运动建立了相应的模型,并以扩展卡尔曼滤波技术将多种传感器的信息进行融合,从而最终实现了移动机器人的精确定位。     

基于多传感器信息融合的自主跟随定位及避障方法

针对自主跟随机器人在自由空间中对移动目标进行跟随时,由于信号源发射角度小,自主跟随机器人很容易进入信号盲区,并且难以对移动目标进行精确定位、移动姿态确定等问题,提出了一种基于多传感器信息融合的自主跟随定位及避障方法,该方法通过在移动目标上增加多信号源,使自主跟随机器人与移动目标之间建立冗余信道,并通过多传感器信息融合方法,计算出移动目标中心位置及实时移动姿态;设置测距模块,使自主跟随机器人能避开障碍,保持跟随。根据此方法建立了多信号源定位模型和算法,并对该算法进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该方法能够准确的对移动目标进行定位和移动姿态确定,并且信号盲区小,能有效的避开障碍,保持对移动目标的跟随,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于单目视觉的仓储物流机器人定位方法

针对轮式仓储物流机器人的自主定位问题,提出了一种基于视觉信标和里程计数据融合的室内定位方法。首先,通过建立相机模型巧妙地解算信标与相机之间的旋转和平移关系,获取定位信息;然后,针对信标定位方式更新频率低、定位信息不连续等问题,在分析陀螺仪和里程计角度误差特点的基础上,提出一种基于方差加权角度融合的方法实现角度融合;最后,设计里程计误差模型,使用Kalman滤波器融合里程计和视觉定位信息弥补单个传感器定位缺陷。在差分轮式移动机器人上实现算法并进行实验,实验结果表明上述方法在提高位姿更新率的同时降低了角度误差和位置误差,有效地提高了定位精度,其重复位置误差小于4 cm,航向角误差小于2°。同时该方法实现简单,具有很强的可操作性和实用价值。     

基于LabVIEW和数据融合的防火机器人控制系统

针对现有防火检测系统误报率高、设备数量不足且不能灵活移动的问题,利用LabVIEW平台设计了一种防火机器人控制系统.操作人员远程操作机器人代替检查人员进行巡逻,同时将机器人所处位置的环境数据采集并发送到上位机,采用BP神经网络算法和多传感器数据融合技术进行火灾概率预测,提高了火灾报警的准确率,也可对存在火灾安全隐患的环境进行预警.     

复杂环境下的自由空间中自主跟随移动目标的多信息融合方法与应用

针对跟随机器人在多障碍物的自由空间中,难以对移动目标定位、运动估计并主动跟随的问题,提出一种复杂环境下的自由空间中自主跟随移动目标的多信息融合方法,在移动目标与跟随机器人之间建立多信号源冗余信道,通过扩散式信道切换观测多个信号源信息,合理设计权值进行信息融合,计算出移动目标的中心位置及运动速度和方向。由此,建立多信号源定位模型,分析得出跟随机器人与移动目标间出现障碍物时的跟随方法。在此基础上,设计了随动式的跟随定位系统并进行实验,结果表明:该方法能快速、准确地实现自由空间中跟随机器人在对移动目标的自主跟随。     

基于多传感器融合的双轮差速机器人定位研究

针对单一传感器有一定的误差与使用场景限制的问题,往往需要通过融合滤波技术对多传感器的测量信息进行优势互补。为改善由惯性姿态测量单元(Inertial measurement unit, IMU)与轮式里程计（Wheel Odometry）组成的航迹推算（Dead Reckoning, DR）长期使用时产生不可忽略的积分误差,以及全球定位系统（Global Positioning System, GPS）在遇到信号被遮挡或者干扰的情况下将无法正常工作等情况所引起的问题,本研究结合GPS、IMU、轮式里程计三种传感器对双轮差速机器人进行定位,以起到互补的作用,使其能够适应更加多样化的环境;同时,我们定时使用GPS模块对DR推算位置信息进行修正,并比较IMU互补滤波解算法与DMP解算法,选取效果更好的方案获取机器人欧拉角,最后使用扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filtering, EKF)算法对传感器数据进行融合处理,得到机器人的最优定位。结果表明,在采用了多传感器融合的方案之后,机器人的定位精确度较之只有单一传感器的方案有了显著的提升。     

机器人传感器定位中的模糊性干扰消除仿真

研究机器人准确定位问题.机器人装备的传感器数量较多,不同类型数据采集传感器对环境中突变性因素的敏感程度不同,造成用于定位的传感器信息反馈到终端后融合,结果存在偏差,出现了传感定位信息的模糊性.传统的传感信息融合方法多是根据先验信息进行信息融合,但是机器人传感器采集的多是随机信息,大大增加了融合后定位信息模糊性的可能,造成定位不准.提出了一种机器人定位模糊性寻优遗传算法.通过固定较大小的基因位来改善遗传算法的机器人位置寻优性能,每次基因位的固定都能改变机器人定位的寻优空间,对寻优位置进行细化,消除融合中带来的特征模糊性干扰.后期的仿真结果表明,改进方法可以改善机载机器入的定位能力,定位准确性大幅提高.     

基于多传感器信息融合的海底测绘机器人导航系统设计

测绘机器人海底巡检可以解决人工作业的安全威胁，面对复杂的海底作业环境，设计了基于多传感器信息融合的海底测绘机器人导航系统。通过对巡检机器人的功能板块划分，构建海底测绘机器人导航控制系统框架，划定机器人测绘的频率范围，设计多端反馈信号处理电路，基于多传感器信息融合方式选择主要和局部滤波器的状态向量，对应机器人海底测绘图像；以特征识别技术搭建海底导航模型，描述海底测绘目标物位置。实验结果表明：该文系统在海底测绘过程中，经度、纬度和高度定位误差，可以控制在1.25 m之内。东向、北向和天向速度误差在0.8 m/s内，具有较好的实际应用效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。