PE-HD/GNP/MWCNT纳米复合材料性能

采用熔融共混法制备了高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)/石墨烯纳米片(GNP)/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)纳米复合材料。研究了GNP/MWCNT比例对PE-HD/GNP/MWCNT纳米复合材料流变特性、电学及力学性能的影响。结果表明,3种PE-HD/GNP/MWCNT纳米复合材料的储能模量曲线均在低频区出现"第二平台"。MWCNT含量增大有利于提高纳米复合材料的导电性,GNP/MWCNT比例为2/8时,复合材料呈现出更低的体积电阻率。当GNP+MWCNT含量为0.5份、GNP/MWCNT比例分别为7/3,5/5,2/8时,PE-HD/GNP/MWCNT纳米复合材料悬臂梁缺口冲击强度均呈现最大值,分别为15.05,9.98,10.42 kJ/m~2,是纯PE-HD的2.32,1.54,1.60倍。纳米复合材料冲击韧性提高的根本原因在于GNP和MWCNT协同诱发PE-HD基体产生明显的屈服。GNP/MWCNT填料的加入可使3种纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度有所提高。     

EPDM/MWCNT纳米复合材料的性能研究

以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)为基材,多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)及有机蒙脱土为添加剂,制备了EPDM/MWCNT纳米复合材料;使用热重分析仪和锥形量热仪等测试了纳米复合材料热性能、阻燃性能及力学性能。结果表明,添加适量MWCNT可使纳米复合材料热稳定性、阻燃性能及力学性能有所提升;当MWCNT用量超过一定程度时,纳米复合材料热稳定性和拉伸强度降低,峰值热释放速率(HRR)以及总生烟量有不同程度上升,这与MWCNT在EPDM基体中的分散有关。     

多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用浇铸法制备了不同含量多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)的MWCNT/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料。用扫描电镜观察了MWCNT/EP复合材料的微观结构,发现MWCNT均匀分散在EP中。研究了MWCNT/EP复合材料的导电逾渗行为,材料的逾渗值为0.033%。分析了复合材料的动态力学性能,结果表明MWCNT的加入提高了EP的固化交联程度和韧性,同时复合材料的玻璃化转变温度也有提高。     

石墨烯纳米片/顺丁橡胶复合材料的制备和性能研究

采用高比表面积的石墨烯纳米片(GNP)对顺丁橡胶(BR)进行改性研究,考察不同质量份的GNP对BR的影响。采用扫描电镜分析GNP在基体中的分散情况以及与基体相容性,通过万能拉伸试验机和动态热力学分析仪的测试考察GNP填料对复合材料力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:GNP与BR具有良好的相容性,且当GNP用量为1质量份(BR用量为100质量份,下同)时,复合材料的力学性能最优,断裂强度可达9.11 MPa,断裂伸长率达到221%,撕裂强度为46 kN/m,与未添加GNP改性的复合材料相比断裂强度和撕裂强度分别提高了45%和24%;复合材料在不同频率范围内的储能模量均明显提高,但过量的GNP(GNP用量大于1质量份)对BR的增强效果不明显。     

纳米MMT对APP/MCA复合阻燃EP性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪研究了纳米蒙脱土(MMT)和EP/纳米MMT复合材料中纳米MMT的层间距变化。结果表明,纳米MMT与EP/纳米MMT复合材料中纳米MMT的层间距相差不大,说明纳米MMT在EP中只是物理混合,没有发生插层反应。研究了纳米MMT用量对EP/纳米MMT以及EP/聚磷酸铵(APP)/三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,纳米MMT的加入不能提高EP/纳米MMT的极限氧指数(LOI),可以提高EP/纳米MMT复合材料的拉伸强度。纳米MMT与APP和MCA复配作为复合阻燃剂,可以产生明显的阻燃协同效应,当APP和MCA质量比为3∶1,纳米MMT在复合阻燃剂中的质量分数为20%且复合阻燃剂在复合材料中的质量分数为20%时,EP/APP/MCA/纳米MMT复合材料的综合性能最佳,LOI为29.6%,垂直燃烧等级达到UL94 V–0级,拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为45.9 MPa和8.6 kJ/m2。     

蒙脱土改性环氧树脂及其复合材料性能研究

以蒙脱土(MMT)作为EP(环氧树脂)的改性剂制备EP/MMT纳米复合材料。考察了MMT含量对EP/MMT体系的凝胶时间、黏度和力学性能等影响。结果表明:MMT的加入明显缩短了EP体系的凝胶时间,并显著缩短了EP体系达到高黏度的时间;当w(MMT)=4%时,EP/MMT纳米复合材料的力学性能相对最好,其浇铸体的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别为85 MPa、140 MPa和35 kJ/m2,其复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为160 MPa和200 MPa。     

螺杆剪切对聚丙烯/石墨烯微片纳米复合材料形态和性能的影响

组合螺杆结构形成了三种不同的剪切力场,研究了螺杆剪切对聚丙烯(PP)/石墨烯微片(GNP)纳米复合材料微观形态、结晶、导电性、导热性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:高剪切、长停留时间的剪切作用可有效将GNP剥离至更薄的片状,同时提高了GNP在PP中的分布均匀性,利于导电导热网络的形成,从而提高了PP/GNP纳米复合材料的结晶度、电导率和热导率;GNP用量在渗流阈值附近时,螺杆剪切剥离和分布GNP的效果更加显著,可大幅提高电导率,同时剪切作用对电导率的提升作用大于对热导率的提升;当GNP用量从3%增至15%时,PP/GNP纳米复合材料的拉伸强度略有降低,但均高于PP的拉伸强度;增强螺杆剪切作用可提高复合材料的拉伸强度,但其断裂伸长率降低。     

环氧树脂/有机蒙脱土复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

利用插层聚合法制备了环氧树脂/有机蒙脱土(EP/OMMT)复合材料.采用XRD对复合材料进行了表征,并研究了复合材料力学性能.实验表明:环氧树脂/有机蒙脱土形成了剥离型的纳米复合材料结构;环氧树脂中加入适量的有机蒙脱土,可以提高环氧树脂的拉伸强度和冲击强度.当经过改性的OMMT质量分数为5%时,EP/钛酸酯偶联剂(Coupler)-OMMT复合材料的拉伸强度达到51.21 MPa,提高了40.26%;当OMMT质量分数为3%时,EP/Coupler-OMMT复合材料冲击强度达25.31 kJ/m2,提高了34.56%.     

纳米TiO_2改性炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪和NOL环等方法,对纳米TiO2在环氧树脂(EP)体系中的分散效果、炭纤维表面状态及复合材料性能等进行了系统研究。结果表明:采用高速剪切与超声波复合分散工艺,可以将纳米TiO2均匀分散在EP体系中;当w(纳米TiO2)=2%～3%时,纳米TiO2/EP浇铸体的最大拉伸强度为112 MPa、最大弯曲强度为175 MPa和最大Tg为141.9℃;纳米TiO2可以有效改善炭纤维与EP基体间的界面结合力,形成较理想的界面相,制成的复合材料具有优异的力学性能,其拉伸强度、拉伸模量和剪切强度分别为2.15 GPa、117 GPa和49.9 MPa。     

环氧树脂/纳米SiO_2复合材料的制备

制备了环氧树脂(EP)/纳米SiO2复合材料,研究了纳米SiO2用量对复合材料结构和力学性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的断面形貌,分析了纳米SiO2的增韧机理。添加适量的纳米SiO2可显著提高EP的力学性能,添加6 phr纳米SiO2时,EP/纳米SiO2复合材料的力学性能最佳,拉伸剪切强度、弯曲强度、悬臂梁缺口冲击强度分别为13.8 MPa,86.1 MPa,11.6 kJ/m2;适量的纳米SiO2能改善EP的内部结构,具有明显的增韧补强作用。     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

The System Si3N4-SiO2-Y2O3

Subsolidus phase relations were established in the system Si₃N₄-SiO₂-Y₂O₃. Four ternary compounds were confirmed, with compositions of Y₄Si₂O₇N₂, Y₂Si₃O₃N₄, YSiO₂N, and Y₁₀(SiO₄)₆N₂. The eutectic in the triangle Si₃N₄-Y₂Si₂O₇-Y₁₀(SiO₄)₆N₂ melts at 1500°C and that in the triangle Si₂N₂O-SiO₂-Y₂Si₂O₇ at 1550°C. The eutectic temperature of the Si₃N₄-Y₂Si₂O₇ join was ∼ 1520°C.     

Compact Swelling in Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3.6Oy During the Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phase

Compact swelling in Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been studied by observing the effects of the size of calcined powders, volatilization of materials, and sintering of high- T _c (2223) powders. The bulk density increases at the early stage of sintering, for about 20 h, and then decreases. Densification occurs when the low- T _c (2212) phase and a liquid phase exist, whereas dedensification occurs with the formation of the 2223 phase regardless of the presence of the liquid. Gas evolution from specimens does not appear to be responsible for compact swelling. Compact swelling is explained by anisotropic growth of thin, platelike 2223 grains in random orientation. When 2223 grains grow in a preferred direction, compact swelling is suppressed.