冠心病患者血管内皮功能障碍与动脉弹性关系的研究

目的　探讨冠心病患者血管内皮功能障碍与动脉弹性的关系。方法　采用高分辨率血管超声法检测 30例冠心病患者与 30例正常对照组肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD);应用动脉弹性功能检测仪测定受试者的大动脉弹性指数 (C1 )和小动脉弹性指数 (C2 )。结果　冠心病组血流介导的肱动脉舒张反应明显低于对照组[ (5 17±2 13)% 与 (11 10±4 36)%,P<0 05];冠心病组与正常对照组的C1 差异无统计学意义 [ ( 11 59±4 56 )ml/mmHg( 1mmHg=0 133kPa) ×10与 (12 11±3 82)ml/mmHg×10, P>0 05],但冠心病组的C2 明显低于正常对照组[ (4 20±1 80)ml/mmHg×100与 (6 26±2 36)ml/mmHg×100, P<0 05],冠心病组血流介导的肱动脉舒张反应与C2 呈正相关(r=0 53, P<0 05)。结论　冠心病患者肱动脉内皮依赖血管舒张功能受损和C2 降低,且两者之间呈正相关,提示C2 可作为一种评价血管内皮功能的新指标。     

2型糖尿病患者肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能与无症状运动心电图阳性关系的研究

目的:研究肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能在预测2型糖尿病患者并发冠心病中的作用。方法:选择静息心电图正常的2型糖尿病患者98例进行踏车运动实验,筛选无症状运动心电图阳性(ECG+)者(ECG+组,39例),及无症状心电图阴性者(ECG-组,59例)。同时,选择性别、年龄匹配的踏车运动实验正常的健康个体31例作为对照。采用高分辨血管外超声法检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和硝酸甘油介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能。结果:①与对照组比较,ECG+组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖,餐后2小时血糖及C反应蛋白水平明显增高(P<0.05);高密度脂蛋白担固醇水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。与ECG-组比较,ECG+组C反应蛋白明显增高(P<0,05)。②ECG-组内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显低于对照组(P<0.001),ECG+组内皮依赖性血管舒张功能又明显低于对照组和ECG-组(P<0.01)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂蛋白(a)、C-反应蛋白、收缩压、舒张压与无症状运动ECG+呈正相关,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、内皮依赖性血管舒张功能与无症状运动ECG+呈负相关。结论:在2型糖尿病人群中,肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能与无症状运动ECG+关联,提示肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能是早期冠心病的预测因子之一。     

冠心病患者血管内皮功能障碍及动脉弹性与冠状动脉Gensini评分的关系

目的:探讨冠心病患者血管内皮功能障碍及动脉弹性与冠状动脉造影Gensini评分的关系.方法:采用高分辨率血管超声法检测冠心病患者(76例)与正常对照组(30例)肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD);应用动脉弹性功能检测仪测定受试者的大动脉弹性指数(C1)和小动脉弹性指数(C2);对冠心病患者进行冠状动脉造影,并通过Gensini评分系统对冠心病患者冠状动脉病变进行评分.结果:冠心病组血流介导的FMD明显低于对照组[(6.94±4.21)%∶(11.10±4.36)%,P<0.05];冠心病组与对照组的C1差异无统计学意义[(117.0±38.1)∶(121.1±38.2)ml/mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),P>0.05],但冠心病组的C2明显低于对照组[(516.0±2640)∶(626.0±236.0)ml/mmHg,P<0.05],冠心病患者FMD及C2均与冠状动脉造影Gensini评分呈负相关(r=-0.380,P<0.01及r=-0 329,P<0.01).结论:C2和FMD似可作为评价冠状动脉病变程度的新指标.     

高密度脂蛋白对血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的　探讨血清高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)水平与肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能之间的关系。方法　测定 71例血清总胆固醇水平相对正常的冠心病患者和 34例对照者的血脂水平以及在反应性充血时和含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉的内径变化。结果　冠心病组血流介导的肱动脉舒张和硝酸甘油所致的肱动脉舒张均低于对照组 [分别为 (2 6 1± 2 91) %比 (8 0 1± 4 72 ) %和 (17 2 2± 6 76 ) %比 (2 3 13± 8 6 1) % ,P均 <0 0 0 1]。多因素线性逐步回归分析显示 :血流介导的肱动脉舒张与血清HDL C水平呈正相关 (r=0 32 4,P =0 0 0 2 ) ,与血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水平无关 ;硝酸甘油所致的肱动脉舒张也与上述血脂水平无关。根据血流介导的肱动脉舒张程度将两组受试者合并再分为A、B两组 ,A组肱动脉舒张≤ 4% ,B组肱动脉舒张 >4%。结果显示 ,A组HDL C水平明显低于B组 [(1 15± 0 2 6 )mmol/L对 (1 38± 0 5 0 )mmol/L ,P <0 0 1) ]。结论　冠心病患者内皮依赖性及非内皮依赖性的血管舒张功能均受损。HDL C对血管内皮依赖性舒张功能有保护作用 ,该作用可能与其抗动脉粥样硬化作用有关     

冠心病患者肱—踝脉搏波速与血管内皮舒张功能相关

目的探讨冠心病患者肱—踝脉搏波速与内皮依赖性舒张功能的关系。方法选择98例冠心病患者和33例非冠心病对照者,采用高分辨率超声检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能;自动脉搏波速度测定仪测定肱—踝脉搏波速。结果冠心病组肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显低于对照组(5.4%±2.5%比11.1%±4.4%,P<0.01),冠心病组肱—踝脉搏波速明显高于对照组(1745.3±215.2cm/s比1495.3±202.3cm/s,P<0.01),两组硝酸甘油介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能无明显差异;肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能与肱—踝脉搏波速呈负相关(r=-0.70,P<0.001)。结论冠心病患者血管内皮功能受损和肱—踝脉搏波速增快,提示血管内皮舒张功能的受损伴随冠心病动脉硬化。     

高分辨超声评价2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能的临床研究

目的采用高分辨超声技术、外周动脉检测法探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血管内皮依赖性和非依赖性舒张功能变化。方法采用高分辨率超声测量30例T2DM患者和28例正常人在反应性充血及含服硝酸甘油前后肱动脉内径的变化。结果T2DM组血流介导的肱动脉舒张反应明显小于对照组,分别为(6.68±2.78)%和(16.33±3.33)%,P<0.05;硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张反应较对照组明显降低,分别为(6.37±3.59)%和(23.31±6.63)%,P<0.05。结论T2DM患者的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能和非内皮依赖性舒张功能均受损,超声法检测T2DM患者的血管内皮功能对于其病情估计及大血管和微血管并发症的防治有很大作用。     

糖耐量受损患者肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能变化的研究

采用高分辨血管外超声检测糖耐量受损(IGT)患者肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(EDD)和硝酸甘油介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能(EID)。IGT组EDD明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。EID在两组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。     

冠心病血管内皮功能的无创评估

目的 :通过无创的超声检查来阐明冠心病 (CHD)的血管内皮功能与冠状动脉 (冠脉 )病变的关系。方法 :对 110例确诊或怀疑 CHD而行冠脉介入检查及治疗者采用超声技术来检测其肱动脉的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能与硝酸甘油介导的血管扩张功能。结果 :冠脉狭窄组较冠脉光滑组、不光滑组的流量介导的血管舒张功能受损明显 (P <0 .0 5 )。受损的程度与冠脉病变支数、严重程度 ,吸烟呈正相关 ;与高密度胆固醇量呈负相关。冠脉狭窄组硝酸甘油介导的血管扩张也轻度改变。结论 :CHD患者不仅存在血管形态学狭窄 ,血管内皮功能亦受损 ,并且其受损的程度与冠脉病变严重程度有关。高密度胆固醇的降低和吸烟与血管的内皮功能受损相关     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性对冠心病患者血管内皮舒张功能的影响

目的:观察血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因多态性对冠心病患者内皮功能的影响及其抑制剂的干预作用.方法:选取冠心病患者(冠心病组)68例,对照组69例,聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测ACE基因插入/缺失(L/D)多态性,超声检测肱动脉内皮功能.结果:冠心病组DD基因型明显高于对照组.冠心病组ACE各基因型内皮依赖性舒张功能均低于对照组,DD基因型最为明显;非内皮依赖性舒张功能差异无显著性.血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)治疗后冠心病组各型肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能与治疗前比较均有显著性改善,其中DD基因型改善最为明显.结论:冠心病患者血管内皮功能异常与ACE基因I/D多态性相关.ACEI可以改善内皮功能,特别是对DD基因型患者改善更为明显.     

老年人血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的变化

目的　观察老年人肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的变化。方法　采用无创性超声法检测 1 4 5例受试者血流介导性肱动脉舒张 (FMD ,内皮依赖性舒张功能 )和硝酸甘油介导性肱动脉舒张 (NMD ,非内皮依赖性舒张功能 )。结果　年龄 >60岁受试者FMD较≤ 60岁者明显降低 (5 65 %± 6 1 2 % ,3 33 %± 3 72 % ,P =0 0 0 7) ;冠心病者较非冠心病者FMD(2 98%± 3 65 % ,8 37%± 6 41 % ,P <0 0 0 1和NMD(1 6 61 %± 7 2 5% ,2 2 78%±8 82 % ,P <0 0 1 )均明显降低 ,>60岁冠心病患者FMD较≤ 60岁冠心病患者降低 (1 90 %± 2 1 9% ,4 1 7%± 4 49% ,P <0 0 1 ) ;多因素逐步回归分析显示FMD与年龄 (t=- 3 92 6,P <0 0 0 1 )呈负相关 ;在单纯冠心病者仍显示FMD与年龄成负相关 (t=- 3 2 4 9,P =0 0 0 2 )。结论　老年人内皮依赖性血管舒张功能受损 ,年龄可直接损害内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 ,即使在冠心病存在时亦然 ,加重冠心病患者受损的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能。     

Arterial elasticity identified by pulse wave analysis and its relation to endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have impaired endothelial function. Arterial elasticity is modulated by endothelial function. The association between arterial elasticity and endothelial function has not been reported in patients with CAD. The present study was designed to investigate whether endothelial dysfunction contributes to impaired arterial elasticity. Thirty patients with CAD and 30 control subjects were recruited. Large and small artery elasticity indices were non-invasively assessed using pulse wave analysis. Brachial artery endothelium-dependent and -independent function were assessed by vascular response to flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and sublingual nitroglyceride (NTG), respectively. C1 large artery elasticity index was not different in the CAD group compared with the control group. However, C2 small artery elasticity index was significantly reduced in the CAD group compared with the control group. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was also impaired in the CAD group compared with the control group. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in the brachial artery correlated with C2 small arterial elasticity index. But NTG-mediated brachial artery vasodilation was similar between the two groups. The present findings suggest that the patients with CAD have reduced C2 small arterial elasticity index and impaired FMD. Endothelial dysfunction is involved in diminished arterial elasticity, suggesting that C2 small arterial elasticity index is a novel surrogate measure for the clinical evaluation of endothelial function.     

老年周围动脉闭塞性疾病内皮和非内皮依赖性舒张功能的无创研究

目的　探讨老年周围动脉闭塞性疾病 (peripheralarterialocclusivedisease,PAOD)内皮依赖性舒张功能 ,即血流介导的血管扩张功能 (flow mediateddilation ,FMD)和硝酸甘油介导的非内皮依赖性舒张功能 (nitroglycerin mediateddi lation,NMD)状况及其相关因素。方法　采用超声多普勒检测 33例已确诊为PAOD的老年患者肱动脉FMD及NMD ,并分别与 40例健康老年人及 30例具有心血管危险因素的老年非PAOD患者进行对照研究。结果　老年PAOD患者FMD及NMD均显著低于对照组 ;肱动脉基础内径、收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与FMD呈负相关 ;FMD与NMD呈正相关 ,肱动脉基础内径与NMD呈负相关。结论　老年PAOD患者FMD及NMD均受损 ;肱动脉基础内径、收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇可能是FMD独立的预测因子 ;而FMD及肱动脉基础内径与NMD密切相关。     

初诊2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白与血管内皮功能的关系

目的观察伴或不伴微量白蛋白尿（MAU）初诊2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能情况,探讨MAU与血管内皮功能的关系及其发生机制。方法将初诊2型糖尿病患者依据24小时尿微量白蛋白排泄率分为伴微量白蛋白尿组（MAU组）、不伴微量白蛋白尿组（NA组）,MAU组34例,NA组96例,以50例正常受试者作为对照;采用彩色多普勒超声技术测定反应性充血时血流介导肱动脉舒张功能（FMD）和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张功能（NMD）。并测定空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹胰岛素、血脂,并依据空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）。结果MAU组、NA组的FBG、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、HbA1c、HOMA—IR高于对照组（P〈0．01）;MAU组的FBG、TG、TC、HbA1c、HOMA—IR高于NA组（P〈0．01）。与对照组相比,MAU组、NA组的FMD均受损,但MAU组较NA组受损更为明显,三组间比较NMD无明显差异。结论初诊2型糖尿病患者已存在内皮功能受损,不伴MAU的患者血管内皮功能受损较轻,伴MAU的患者血管内皮功能受损更为严重,其发生与伴MAU的患者血糖、血脂紊乱程度及胰岛素抵抗程度更为严重有关。     

肱动脉内皮功能对老年冠心病患者的预测价值

目的 探讨肱动脉内皮功能对老年冠心病患者的预测价值.方法 测定98例冠心病患者及37例对照者肱动脉内皮依赖血管舒张功能(FMD)及非内皮依赖血管舒张功能(NMD),根据冠脉造影结果将患者分为冠脉病变＜50%,50%～75%,＞75%病变组和冠脉病变0、1、2、3支病变组,以比较老年冠心病患者冠脉病变程度、范围与肱动脉F...     

Enhanced coronary calcification determined by electron beam CT is strongly related to endothelial dysfunction in patients with suspected coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcification determined by electron beam CT (EBCT) is strongly associated with total plaque burden but is not related to systemic vascular inflammation.Aims: We sought to test the hypothesis that enhanced coronary artery calcification, a marker of atherosclerosis and plaque burden, was related to endothelial dysfunction in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four subjects with suspected CAD were enrolled. Coronary artery calcification was detected by EBCT. A noninvasive method of brachial ultrasound was used to measure endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation (NMD). Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were also determined. Of the 124 patients, the calcium scores ranged from 0 to 4,394. All subjects were classified into three groups according to coronary calcium scores: group 1, score 0 (n = 26); group 2, scores 1 to 199 (n = 50); group 3, scores > or = 200 (n = 48). There was an inverse association between the degree of coronary artery calcification and the endothelium-dependent FMD in the three groups (6.9 +/- 0.6% vs 5.3 +/- 0.3% vs 3.7 +/- 0.3%, respectively; p < 0.001) but not the endothelium-independent NMD. Besides, no significant difference in serum levels of hsCRP and MCP-1 were found among the three groups. However, both the serum levels of hsCRP and MCP-1 were correlated significantly with endothelium-dependent FMD (r = - 0.211, p = 0.019; and r = - 0.188, p = 0.037, respectively). By multivariate analysis, enhanced coronary calcification was a strong independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Enhanced coronary artery calcification strongly predicted endothelial dysfunction in patients with suspected CAD. Also, serum levels of hsCRP and MCP-1 were significantly correlated with endothelial function. These findings suggested that both calcium deposition and inflammation were involved in endothelial dysfunction.     

血管回声跟踪技术对高脂血症患者动脉弹性与血管内皮舒张功能关系的研究

目的:探讨高脂血症患者动脉弹性与血管内皮舒张功能的关系。方法:应用E-Tracking技术测量35例高脂血症患者与30例正常健康组颈动脉硬化参数,包括压力应变弹性系数(Ep)、硬化度(β)和顺应性(AC),同时采用高分辨率血管超声法检测受试者肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD);并进行相关分析。结果:高脂血症组血流介导的肱动脉舒张功能明显低于正常组(10.15±3.98)与(16.35±2.42),P<0.05;高脂血症组Ep、β与正常对照组相比明显增高(136.27±21.11)与(112.67±29.43),P<0.01,(10.20±1.25)与(9.09±1.98),P<0.01。但高脂血症组的AC明显低于正常对照组(0.58±0.14)与(0.75±0.18),P<0.05。FMD和Ep、β负相关(r=-0.562,P<0.01;r=-0.415,P<0.01),与AC呈正相关(r=0.527P<0.01)。结论:高脂血症患者肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能受损和动脉弹性降低,且2者之间有相关性,提示E-tracking技术和FMD一样能够判断动脉功能异常,具有简便、快速、无创性及测量结果精确的优点。     

Impaired endothelial function in hypertensive elderly patients evaluated by high resolution ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND: Multiple investigations both in experimental models and in middle-aged patients with essential hypertension have demonstrated impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hypertension exerts an additional negative effect on endothelial function of large arteries in hypertensive elderly patients who may already be affected by endothelial dysfunction due to aging. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirteen elderly patients with hypertension (69 9 years of age [mean SD]) were compared with 13 matched healthy elderly subjects (72 6 years of age). High resolution vascular ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery responses to reactive hyperemia (with increased flow causing endothelium-dependent dilation) and to sublingual nitroglycerine (causing endothelium-independent dilation). RESULTS: Flow-mediated diameter (FMD) was significantly impaired in the hypertensive elderly group (6.7 3.3% versus 13.3 3.8% in the control group, P<0.05). No significant difference could be found in nitroglycerine-induced dilation between the elderly control group (12.1 4.9%) and the hypertensive elderly (10.2 6.8%). On simple linear analysis, FMD was inversely correlated with age (r=-0.60, P=0. 03) in the healthy elderly group. FMD in the hypertensive elderly was inversely related to age (r=-0.41, P=0.04) and mean blood pressure (r=-0.67, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed decreased FMD with aging even in the healthy elderly, with a further decline in hypertensive elderly compared with healthy elderly subjects. This impairment of FMD in the hypertensive elderly group was related to age and mean blood pressure, indicating that aging and hypertension may impair endothelial function in the brachial artery of elderly patients with hypertension.     

Effect of smoking on endothelial function and wall thickness of brachial artery.

BACKGROUND: Impaired flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and increased wall thickness (WT) of the brachial artery have been associated with atherosclerosis and its risk factors. In this study we sought to determine brachial artery wall thickness in chronic smokers and the instantaneous effect of smoking on brachial artery endothelium dependent vasodilator function in smokers and non-smokers. METHOD AND RESULTS: Using a high-resolution ultrasound, WT of posterior brachial artery wall, the diameter of brachial artery at rest and during reactive hyperemia (FMD %), as well as after sublingual administration of nitroglycerine (nitroglycerine mediated dilatation (NMD) %) was measured in 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers. Wall thickness (WT) of the posterior brachial artery wall and the wall index (WI) were greater in smokers than non-smokers. The baseline brachial artery diameter was comparable in smokers and non-smokers. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) was found to be less in smokers than non-smokers. The NMD in smokers also did not differ significantly from that in non-smokers. Flow mediated dilation significantly reduced after smoking compared to baseline in both groups. However, NMD remained unchanged after smoking in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increased WT and impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation of brachial artery suggests that cigarette smoking disrupts vessel wall morphology long before atherosclerosis is manifest.     

颈动脉粥样硬化患者血管内皮功能及普罗布考干预研究

血管内皮功能失调是发生动脉粥样硬化病理改变的最早期,是动脉粥样硬化的启动子。因此保护和改善血管内皮功能是防治动脉粥样硬化的重要环节。本文通过无创的方法来评估老年颈动脉粥样硬化患者血管内皮功能的状况,并通过使用降胆固醇药物普罗布考来观察其对内皮功能的保护作用,