汉英科技翻译中定冠词"the"的具体用法

首先阐述了科技翻译的定义及其作用。然后通过举例的方式,从汉译英角度探讨了定冠词“the”在科技翻译中的一些具体用法。     

Decision theory: what "should" the nervous system do?

The purpose of our nervous system is to allow us to successfully interact with our environment. This normative idea is formalized by decision theory that defines which choices would be most beneficial. We live in an uncertain world, and each decision may have many possible outcomes; choosing the best decision is thus complicated. Bayesian decision theory formalizes these problems in the presence of uncertainty and often provides compact models that predict observed behavior. With its elegant formalization of the problems faced by the nervous system, it promises to become a major inspiration for studies in neuroscience.     

Bayesian inference towards the resolution of molecular evolution:application to the "Trichoderma harzianum sensu lato" clade

The Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum species aggregate contains a group of taxa (H. lixii /T. harzianum, T. aggressivum, T. tomentosum, T. cerinum, T. velutinum, H. tawa) of which some (e.g. T. harzianum) are important for biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi in agriculture, whereas others are aggressive pathogens of Agaricus spp. and Pleurotus spp. in mushroom farms (T. aggressivum), or opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised mammals including humans (T. harzianum). We ch…     

Study on the Control Technique of "On" and "Off" Years of Early Maturing Citrus unshiu

为了扭转贵州省北部地区早熟温州蜜柑（Citrus unshiu Marc．）生产大小年现象普遍的现状,并为制订橘园科学的栽培技术方案与合理的管理措施提供参考,试验历经7年2005～2011对早熟温州蜜柑控制大小年的栽培技术进行了实地配套优化研究。结果表明,通过合理的树体整形、加强土肥水管理、有针对性地花果管理、有效控制和综合防治病虫害等配套栽培技术应用,能够显著提高当地早熟温州蜜柑果园果实的产量,使大小年的产量差距控制在,10％～15％以内,把原来大小年现象严重的橘园变成了产量较为稳定的丰产园,同时还提高了早熟温州蜜柑果实的商品率,取得了良好的经济效益.     

Comment on "Disentangling the drivers of β diversity along latitudinal and elevational gradients"

Kraft et al. (Report, 23 September 2011, p. 1755) analyzed two data sets and concluded that "there is no need to invoke differences in the mechanisms of community assembly in temperate versus tropical systems to explain these global-scale patterns of β diversity." We show that their conclusion is based on inappropriate data and inadequate methods of analysis.     

Comment on "Atmospheric PCO₂ perturbations associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province"

Schaller et al. (Research Article, 18 March 2011, p. 1404) proposed that carbon dioxide (CO(2)) released by the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province eruptions over periods of about 20,000 years led to substantial increases of up to 2000 parts per million (ppm) in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (PCO(2)) near the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Use of an atmosphere-ocean model coupled to a carbon-cycle model predicts PCO(2) increases of less than 400 ppm from magmatic volatiles, with only a small climatic impact.     

Eocene El Niño: evidence for robust tropical dynamics in the "hothouse"

Much uncertainty surrounds the interactions between the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and long-term global change. Past periods of extreme global warmth, exemplified by the Eocene (55 to 35 million years ago), provide a good testing ground for theories for this interaction. Here, we compare Eocene coupled climate model simulations with annually resolved variability records preserved in lake sediments. The simulations show Pacific deep-ocean and high-latitude surface warming of approximately 10 degrees C but little change in the tropical thermocline structure, atmosphere-ocean dynamics, and ENSO, in agreement with proxies. This result contrasts with theories linking past and future "hothouse" climates with a shift toward a permanent El Ni?o-like state.     

Comment on "Does the hydrated electron occupy a cavity?"

Larsen et al. (Reports, 2 July 2010, p. 65) challenged the long-standing model of the solvent geometry surrounding a free electron in water using molecular dynamics simulations based on a newly derived electron-water pseudopotential. We illustrate that, in contrast to the model they used, the true electron-water interaction is repulsive in the region relevant to the reported extended electron distribution, consistent with the cavity model.     

Comment on "Activation of β-catenin in dendritic cells regulates immunity versus tolerance in the intestine"

Manicassamy et al. (Reports, 13 August 2010, p. 849) deleted β-catenin in intestinal immune cells using a CD11c-driven Cre recombinase, which decreased anti-inflammatory mediators and increased inflammatory bowel disease. However, the deletion of β-catenin in macrophages remains a caveat to their interpretation that Wnt signaling programs dendritic cells into a tolerogenic state. Development of strains expressing Cre in a more finely lineage-restricted pattern may help resolve this issue.     

"反季节"贵在"巧"与"好"

这几年,反季节果蔬货多压市,产品滞销,让众多赶早或延迟的农户叫苦不迭.2002年,江苏瓜农大面积种植大棚西瓜,结果都集中在4、5月份上市,批发价最低时每千克只有0.7元,比种植成本还低.2003年,一些瓜农又自发扩大延迟种植面积,待瓜成熟时,正好遇到连续水灾,结果延迟的西瓜又"泡汤".