阴离子对还原铁粉去除水体中铅离子的影响

向200mL含1.0mmol·L~(-1)阴离子(PO_4~(3-)、Cl-、CO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))的铅溶液(10mg·L~(-1))中加入5g还原铁粉,230r·min-1振荡一定时间后,采用火焰原子吸收法测定铅离子浓度,考察阴离子对还原铁粉去除水体中铅离子的影响。结果表明,阴离子PO_4~(3-)、Cl-、CO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-)都可以促进还原铁粉去除水体中铅离子,其中PO_4~(3-)的促进作用最大,SO_4~(2-)的促进作用最小;在所有添加阴离子体系中,还原铁粉去除水体中铅离子的过程伴随着pH值的上升和Eh值的下降。     

电气石粉吸附处理铅蓄电池废水的研究

研究了电气石粉的粒径、用量、p H、吸附时间等因素对铅蓄电池废水的总铅、总镉吸附去除率的影响,处理的铅蓄电池废水初始总镉质量浓度0.2~1.5 mg/L、总铅质量浓度18~41 mg/L,当电气石粉粒径为0.5μm,反应p H=6.0,吸附时间为20 min时,镉、铅去除率可达99.5%。出水可达到《电池工业污染物排放标准》(GB 30484—2013)中第一类污染物最高允许排放标准总镉0.05 mg/L、总铅0.7 mg/L的要求。     

电解金属锰中微量铅镉的极谱法连续测定

在氨基乙酸-氯化铵-盐酸羟胺底液中,Pb(Ⅱ)于-0.55 V(vs,SCE),Cd(Ⅱ)(vs,SCE)于-0.74 V产生一个灵敏的导数极谱波,铅的浓度在0.02~10μg/mL、镉的浓度在0.01~5μg/mL范围内与波高呈线性关系,大量的Mn2+使铅镉的波高下降,通过分离锰后可消除干扰。电解金属锰试样经硝酸分解后,利用高氯酸在加热至冒烟时的强氧化性,将锰离子氧化为MnO2予以分离后,可直接在上述条件下进行测定,铅标准回收率94.80%~102.20%,相对标准偏差0.43%~0.86%;镉标准回收率96.60%~101.80%,相对标准偏差2.37%~4.62%。     

Bi_2O_3-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极阳极溶出伏安法测定西洋参中的铅和镉

建立西洋参中药中重金属铅和镉含量的电化学测定方法,考察市售西洋参药材的重金属铅和镉的含量。采用Bi_2O_3-石墨烯材料修饰玻碳电极,建立了阳极溶出伏安法同时快速测定铅和镉的新方法。在10~190μg/L浓度范围内,Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的溶出峰电流与Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的浓度呈良好线性关系,r=0.9991/r=0.9983,回收率RSD5.00%(n=6);西洋参重金属铅和镉的含量分别为15.19、16.81μg/L。Bi_2O_3-石墨烯材料修饰玻碳电极的阳极溶出伏安法检测重金属铅和镉简便、灵敏,可用于西洋参中铅和镉的检测。     

嵊泗县贝类生产海域贻贝和环境监测的研究

实验研究了嵊泗三个海域的贻贝中大肠杆菌、菌落总数、铅和镉的含量情况,并对贻贝的生长环境的水质进行了检测。结果表明,抽检的贻贝大肠杆菌、菌落总数符合农业部一类贝类生产养殖区标准。其铅、镉含量也符合《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2012)要求。同时,水质样品铅和镉的含量符合《中华人民共和国渔业水质标准(GB 11607-1989)》的限量要求。     

某废铅蓄电池堆放场地环境初步调查评估研究

以某铅蓄电池堆放场地为研究对象,在污染区域初步识别的基础上,在场地内采集0~20cm深的18个土样样品,利用AFS等检测pH、重金属、硫酸盐的含量,并研究其在场地内不同区域土壤中的特征分布。结果表明:(1)场地内土质渗透性较差,垂直渗透系数范围在1.64×10~(-5)~8.96×10~(-8)cm/s之间。(2)该场地铅蓄电池堆放区域和场地排水沟内土壤受到了不同程度的污染,主要超标污染物是铜、锌、铅和镉等,其在土壤中的浓度分布受铅蓄电池堆放的影响。(3)对初步筛选出具有较高风险的区域,需进行详细调查,实施必要的场地修复或风险管控措施。     

石墨炉原子吸收光度法对龙泉青瓷中铅镉溶出量的检测与评估

选取4大类龙泉青瓷产品为研究对象,使用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法,对龙泉青瓷的铅镉溶出量进行了检测与评估。该方法具有快速检测、使用便捷的特点,对铅重金属标准溶液在0~100μg·L~(-1),镉重金属标准溶液在0~50μg·L~(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.99927~0.99979。该方法铅标准物质检出限为0.303μg·L~(-1),镉标准物质检出限为0.069μg·L~(-1)。检测结果表明龙泉青瓷产品的铅镉溶出量均远小于国内外相关标准要求的限量值,是日用食品接触容器的良好器具。     

化学修饰碳糊电极对环境水样中微量铅、镉离子的连续电化学测定

报道了用8-羟基喹啉作碳糊电极的修饰剂,测定环境体系中微量铅、镉离子的电化学方法.该电极在KNO3(pH=4.0)中,用吸附溶出伏安法测定Pb2+、Cd2+,在-0.56V(vs,SCE)和-0.84V处有灵敏溶出峰,峰电流与铅的浓度在(3.0×10-8～4.5×10-6)mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,与镉的浓度在(4.0×10-8～3.5×10-6)mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,该方法用于水样中铅、镉的测定,检出限为3.0×10-9mol/L(Pb2+)和5.0×10-9mol/L(Cd2+).     

重金属复合污染在环境水质监测中的急性毒性效应研究

文章应用急性毒性分析仪对污水排放标准(GB8978-1996)中第一类污染物重金属总汞、总镉、六价铬、总砷、总铅、总镍、总铍等元素进行了急性毒性分析,探讨了金属单元素及复合金属元素的急性毒性效应。结果表明:铅具有明显的急性生物毒性;镉、六价铬对铅有明显的拮抗作用;汞、砷、镍、铍对铅有协同作用,并且镍对铅的协同作用最明显,呈较强的急性生物毒性;污水排放标准(GB8978-1996)中第一类污染物总铅的标准限值应低于0.80 mg/L。     

搪瓷餐具浸出液中锑、铅、镉的测定

本文介绍了用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定搪瓷餐具浸出液中痕量元素锑、铅、镉,并对这三种元素的灰化温度、原子化温度和原子化时间进行了选择试验。结果表明,本方法其有快速、简便、灵敏度高、干扰少等优点。采用本方法测定锑、铅、镉的灵敏度分别为3.3×10~(-11)、1.0×10~(-11)、1.2×10~(-12)克/1％吸收;回收率分别为96～106％、98～110％、98～108％;对于10ppb锑、8ppb铅、2ppb镉的溶液,其相对标准偏差分别为10.6％、4.6％和3.1％。     

Metabolism of trideuterated iso-lignoceric acid in rats in Vivo and in human fibroblasts in culture

Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders, but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-²H₃]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured. A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994.     

中国粉末涂料行业发展现状之2014

根据国家统计局以及国内外相关机构的数据统计资料,按照自2004年以来的相同数据统计口径,以原材料消耗为基础,编制出我国粉末涂料行业年度数据统计报告,以期为政府制定相关产业政策,企业制定发展规划提供翔实的数据支撑。     

高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展

综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.