近肾腹主动脉完全闭塞11例的诊治体会

目的探讨近肾腹主动脉完全闭塞的手术治疗方法。方法回顾2004年7月至2006年9月期间诊治的11例近肾腹主动脉完全闭塞患者的临床资料,其中6例伴肾动脉狭窄。采用腹正中切口,充分游离腹主动脉近肾段,清除病灶,术中结合动脉造影,行腹主动脉-双股动脉人工血管搭桥术。结果本组无死亡病例,未出现严重并发症。患者术后下肢缺血症状均得到改善,其中7例间歇性跛行症状消失,2例无跛行距离较术前明显增加,2例下肢静息痛症状消失。所有患者均获6～27个月随访,平均随访18个月,吻合口通畅率为100%。结论近肾腹主动脉完全闭塞的病例采用肾动脉下切口清除病灶,术中结合动脉造影,并行腹主动脉-双股动脉人工血管搭桥术,疗效满意。     

近肾动脉腹主动脉下段闭塞症的手术方法探讨

目的探讨近肾动脉腹主动脉下段闭塞症（juxtarenal aortic occlusion）的手术治疗方法。方法总结自1995年以来作者收治的27例腹主动脉末端闭塞症的临床治疗，术中暂时阻断肾上主动脉（平均7min），纵行切开主动脉，迅速清理近肾主动脉病灶，缝合上段纵行切口后改为肾动脉下主动脉阻断，完成人工血管主-股动脉转流手术。结果术后22例触及股动脉和胭动脉搏动，术后7d患肢缺血症状均得以改善。手术后3月复查，患肢缺血症状消失，25例阳痿现象得到改善，彩色超声显示血管吻合口及人工血管内均未见血栓。25例获得1年以上的随访，吻合口通畅率为100％；18例获得5年以上随访，吻合口通畅率为94．4％。结论将肾上主动脉暂时阻断后纵行切开主动脉，迅速去除病灶，主动脉缝合成型，然后在肾下主动脉阻断后完成主-股动脉转流是治疗腹主动脉末端闭塞性疾病较好的手术方案。     

腹腔镜技术在主股动脉转流手术中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜主股动脉转流术治疗主髂闭塞性疾病的可行性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析18例主髂闭塞性疾病患者应用腹腔镜主股动脉转流术的治疗情况,评价手术的可行性、解剖要点、术中主动脉阻断时间、出血量、ICU停留时间等.结果 18例中,17例接受完全腹腔镜主股动脉转流手术患者获得成功.1例主双髂动脉闭塞患者因腹主动脉壁严重钙化而中转开放手术.平均手术时间(280±57) min,平均主动脉阻断时间(117 ±32) min,术中平均失血(524±45) ml,平均ICU监护时间(1.0±1.2)d,平均术后进食时间(3±3)d,平均术后住院时间(10±5)d.术后发生心肌梗死1例、肺部感染2例均在ICU监护治疗后好转,发生人工血管内血栓形成1例,再次手术取栓,术后通畅.本组18例患者均获随访,随访时间3～ 27个月,平均随访时间(18±8)个月.人工血管均保持通畅.结论 腹腔镜主股动脉转流手术治疗主髂动脉闭塞性疾病是安全可行的,微创手术有利于患者恢复.     

267例主髂动脉闭塞的手术治疗经验

目的 探讨肾动脉开口水平以下腹主动脉闭塞及髂动脉闭塞的手术方式选择及治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析267例主、髂动脉闭塞患者的临床资料。结果 267例患者全部行手术治疗。行腹主动脉－髂（股）动脉人工血管转流术145例,髂动脉－股动脉人工血管转流术40例,股动脉－股动脉人工血管转流术45例,腋动脉－股动脉人工血管转流术37例。总有效率为96．5％,围手术期病死率为3．5％。267例中178例得到随访,平均随访时间5年9个月,人工血管通畅率为82．0％。结论 符合正常血液动力学手术的主要术式是腹主动脉－（双）髂、股动脉人工血管转流术,对于年老、体弱者,特别是全身一般状况较差,伴有冠心病、高血压、脑动脉硬化、脑梗塞等慢性疾病的患者,应采用腋动脉－（双）髂股动脉人工血管转流术或股动脉－股动脉人工血管转流术,可明显减低手术病死率。     

旁路搭桥治疗下肢动脉缺血的临床分析

目的　探讨人工血管旁路搭桥手术治疗下肢严重动脉缺血的效果。方法　回顾性分析采用人工血管作动脉旁路搭桥治疗严重下肢动脉缺血 2 4例的临床资料。结果　男1 7例 ,女 7例。年龄 58 6岁± 1 5 1岁。动脉闭塞分别位于近肾腹主动脉 双髂动脉 (1例 ) ,腹主动脉 双髂动脉 (1例 ) ,髂动脉 (9例 ) ,股动脉 (9例 ) ,股 动脉 (4例 )。经术后平均 2年 7月的随访 ,截肢率为 1 6 6% ,移植血管栓塞率为 2 5% ,通畅率为 58 3%。结论　下肢动脉闭塞时 ,采用人工血管行动脉旁路搭桥术是重建患肢血液循环的有效方法 ,动脉造影是选择正确重建手术方式的必要保证     

完全腹腔镜腹主-双股动脉人工血管旁路术的临床应用

目的探讨完全腹腔镜腹主-双股动脉人工血管旁路术的可行性和安全性。方法 2011年5月收治1例主髂动脉闭塞患者,行完全腹腔镜腹主动脉-双股动脉人工血管旁路术。患者耻骨上方做切口,置入10mm Trocar建立气腹与腹腔镜通道,左右腹直肌外缘置入1个12mm Trocar和1个5mm Trocar,导入操作器械。左肋缘下另置入1个5mm Trocar,导入把持钳。采用"围裙"技术隔离小肠。游离腹主动脉。在肠系膜下动脉下方阻断腹主动脉,行人工血管-腹主动脉端侧吻合。吻合成功后,将人工血管分支经皮下隧道引出至双侧腹股沟切口。开放手术行人工血管-双股动脉端侧吻合。结果手术时间450min,腹腔镜下血管吻合时间70min。术中失血量约650ml。随访14个月,人工血管通畅。结论完全腹腔镜腹主-双股动脉人工血管旁路术是安全、可行的。     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎合并动脉硬化闭塞导致下肢缺血的手术治疗

目的 探讨下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thmmboangiitis obliterans,TAO)合并动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)手术治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年治疗的TAO合并ASO 6例患者的资料.2例行腹主动脉切开取栓+内膜剥脱+腹主动脉-股深动脉人工血管旁路移植-胭动脉人工血管-小腿动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术,1例行腹主动脉切开取栓+内膜剥脱+腹主动脉-右股深动脉人工血管旁路移植-膝下胭动脉人工血管旁路移植术;1例行左髂总动脉-左股深动脉人工血管旁路移植一胫前动脉自体大隐静脉原位移植术,1例行左侧人工血管切开取栓+左股深动脉成形-膝下腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术,1例行右股总动脉-左股总动脉人工血管旁路移植-胫后动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术.结果 5例患者术后恢复顺利,1例于术后当天出现股动脉-腘动脉人工血管和远段的大隐静脉桥血栓形成,立即再次手术行人工血管和大隐静脉切开取栓术,并同时行胫后动静脉吻合.6例患者均痊愈出院,无死亡病例.5例患者的下肢远端静息痛完全缓解,1例部分缓解.足部溃疡的2例创面明显缩小,无感染发生.所有患者得到随访,平均随访为6.5个月,3例足部溃疡愈合.1例术后3个月出现左股部切口感染,最终行膝上截肢处理,残端一期愈合.其他5例患者的移植血管通畅,症状缓解.结论 对TAO合并ASO患者如果手术治疗方式恰当,可以取得比较好的疗效.     

近肾动脉腹主动脉闭塞症诊断和治疗体会

目的总结近肾动脉腹主动脉闭塞症的诊断和治疗体会。方法对我科在1999年1月～2005年12月6例诊断为近肾动脉腹主动脉闭塞症接受手术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中3例作腹主-双髂(股)动脉旁路手术,2例作肾下腹主动脉取栓加腹主-双髂(股)动脉旁路手术,1例单纯作腹主动脉-双侧髂动脉切开取栓手术。结果术后全部病人双足背动脉搏动恢复,双肾功能正常,间歇性跛行消失。结论近肾动脉腹主动脉闭塞症的诊断除根椐临床症状和体征外需进一步行血管造影、MRI、CTA等检查。术中必须行肾动脉以上腹主动脉阻断时,应采用尽可能低的位置阻断,并对受累器官采取保护措施,阻断时间要尽可能缩少。     

复杂性近肾腹主动脉闭塞症的手术治疗

目的探讨不同近肾腹主动脉闭塞和(或)合并有其他部位血管疾病的患者的合理手术方式。方法回顾性分析手术治疗的17例近肾腹主动脉闭塞的患者的临床资料,其中6例伴有下肢动脉的重度狭窄或闭塞,5例伴肾动脉狭窄,2例伴有锁骨下动脉狭窄,1例同时伴有肾动脉的狭窄和一侧股浅动脉闭塞,1例伴有胸主动脉瘤。手术方式有主-髂(股)动脉人工血管搭桥术(12例),腋-双股人工血管搭桥(4例),经双侧股动脉切开取拴+腔内支架成形术(1例),在合并有其他部位血管疾病处理方法有血管腔内球囊扩张+支架成形、股-腘动脉人工血管搭桥及动脉瘤切除人工血管置换术。结果 1例术后4d死亡,其他16例未出现严重并发症。16例患者术后下肢缺血症状均得到明显改善,其中5例下肢静息痛症状消失,4例高血压患者血压较术前明显容易控制,2例肾功能不全患者术后肾功能恢复到正常水平,2例伴有头晕、上肢乏力症状患者术后症状消失。16例存活患者均获5～56个月随访,生存率高达94.1%,致残及严重血管并发症机率为6.3%。结论针对近肾腹主动脉闭塞症和(或)合并有其他部位血管疾病患者制定合理的手术方式尤为重要,也是提高患者生存率及生存质量的关键。     

腹主动脉阻断球囊在骨盆肿瘤手术中的应用及其相关血管问题的处理

目的 探讨腹主动脉阻断球囊在骨盆肿瘤手术中的应用及其围手术期相关血管问题的处理.方法 回顾性分析2005年12月至2010年4月期间265例骨盆肿瘤患者的资料.在行骨盆肿瘤手术前运用Seldinger法行股动脉置管,在肾下腹主动脉内留置球囊导管,肿瘤切除过程中,球囊完全阻断肾动脉以下腹主动脉主干血供,术后撤除球囊导管,保留股动脉鞘管6h.结果 所有患者均成功应用腹主动脉阻断球囊,球囊阻断时间平均(66 ±4) min,未出现腹主动脉破裂和急性肾功能衰竭并发症.6例术后引流出血多,重新进手术窒进行术野造影诊断,其中3例行髂内动脉弹簧圈栓塞止血,1例行腰动脉弹簧圈栓塞止血,2例髂总动脉主干管壁破损出血,应用小覆膜支架封堵破口;6例术后出现穿刺侧股动脉血栓形成,1例出现双侧下肢动脉血栓形成,予以股动脉切开取栓恢复血运.2例出现股动脉穿刺点假性动脉瘤,予以缝合修补治疗,愈合良好. 结论 腹主动脉阻断球囊对于减少骨盆肿瘤手术出血是有效的,使用过程应规范.对于围手术期出血和动脉血栓形成应有认识,及时处理.     

Bypass procedures in the management of juxtarenal aortic occlusion

Juxtarenal aortic occlusion is one of the most important though less frequent atherosclerotic lesions. The indications for surgical treatment using bypass techniques, are well known. However, controversy remains about the pathogenesis of the lesion; from either a thrombosis developing on an atherosclerotic lesion of the terminal aorta, or a primary atherosclerosis of the subrenal aorta. In our series of 1,180 patients submitted to surgery for aorto-iliac occlusive disease, we encountered 91 cases (7.7%) of juxtarenal occlusion. Apart from the different angiographic pictures, the patients were grouped on the operative finding of either thrombosis or atheroma. An aortobifemoral bypass graft was implanted on all but three of the cases; in these three we performed an axillo-bifemoral bypass. A different technique was used, for juxtarenal disobliteration, using a different (end-to-end, or end-to-side) suture of the proximal anastomosis. The operative indications and results are discussed.     

Management of juxtarenal aortic occlusions: Technique for suprarenal clamp placement

Atherosclerotic occlusion of the entire infrarenal abdominal aorta can produce gangrene, rest pain or claudication and can progress to involve the renal artery origins. Features of the operative technique for treating these juxtarenal aortic occlusions include self-retaining retraction, mobilization of the left renal vein with division of all non-renal branches, exposure of the suprarenal aorta and renal arteries by division between clamps of the surrounding paraaortic fibroareolar tissue and fat, sharp division of crural attachments to the aorta, control of the two renal arteries with doubled vessel loops and then direct vertical clamping of the suprarenal aorta. Through an arteriotomy below the renal arteries, 2–4 cm of pararenal aorta are cleared of thrombus and atherosclerotic debris under direct vision. After transfer of the suprarenal clamp to an infrarenal position, conventional aortobifemoral bypass is then performed. In a series of 18 patients with juxtarenal aortic occlusion managed by this technique, suprarenal clamp time ranged from 4 to 25 minutes (mean, 13 minutes). There was no morbidity from renal failure or emboli and no mortality. This technique allows for deliberate, careful disobliteration of the pararenal and infrarenal aorta and minimizes the risk of renal embolization.     

Subrenal aortic occlusion

The juxtarenal aortic occlusion is an infrequent but not exceptional condition determining several problems during the corrective procedure. The incidence of this pathological picture is around 10% of the patients affected by steno-obliterative lesions of the subrenal aorta. The danger of this morbid condition derives mainly from the risks threatening the renal function which sometimes is already endangered before surgical intervention. The operation however implies high additional risks because some surgical procedures require suprarenal aortic clamping and because during the surgical manoeuvres embolization could occur in the lumen of renal arteries. This study analyzes 206 patients who underwent surgical intervention for subrenal aortic occlusion during the last 15 years. 11 patients were operated on in emergency because of lower limbs ischaemia. 4 patients presented a complete thrombosis of an aneurysmatic lesion of the subrenal aorta. The study is aimed at analyzing the renal behaviour in the postoperative period, comparing its functionality with the preoperative parameters. A second aspect which will be considered refers to the type of surgical procedure.     

Surgery of the suprarenal subdiaphragmatic aorta: early and long-term results]

Surgery of the suprarenal segment of abdominal aorta is characterized by specific problems of operative techniques and of circulatory support during operative procedure. Ischaemic time of kidneys and other viscera has to be limited and use of femoro-femoral bypass allows perfusion of distal aortic branches during performance of the proximal anastomose. Replacement of the suprarenal abdominal aortic segment was performed in 57 consecutive patients (45 with aneurysm and 12 with para- or suprarenal atherosclerosis). Emergent operation was performed in 10 patients (9 with aortic rupture and 1 with acute renal failure by occlusion of the pararenal aortic segment) with early mortality of 50%. Elective operation was much safer with early mortality of 4.3% (2/47 patients). Following procedures were performed to revascularize the kidney and the other visceral arteries: direct replantation with or without endarterectomy (80%), bypass with prosthetic material or saphenous vein (15%), other procedures (5%). Nephrectomy was done in 3 patients. Overall 6-year survival was 64% in patients with aneurysm and 48% in patients with aortic atherosclerosis. 6-year survival was significant (p less than 0.01) higher in patients with normal renal function postoperatively than patients with persisting creatinine value over 200 micromol/l 3 months after operation (68% vs 15%).     

Suprarenal aortic cross-clamping in elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.

INTRODUCTION: this retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate whether suprarenal aortic cross-clamping increased the perioperative mortality and morbidity as compared to infrarenal clamping, in order to create the rationale for a more extensive application of this apparently more traumatic manoeuvre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: in a series of 734 elective aortic substitutions for abdominal aneurysm (AA), performed consecutively from January 1992 to June 1999, aortic cross-clamping was performed at a suprarenal level in 56 juxtarenal aneurysms, i.e. aneurysms extending to the lower edge of the renal arteries (8%, Group 1), and at an infrarenal level in 634 subrenal aneurysms (92%, Group 2). When analysing preoperative data, the diameter of aneurysms was larger in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p<0. 005). No significant differences were found between the two groups as regards age, sex, postinfarction cardiomyopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal insufficiency and ASA classification of operative risks. RESULTS: the average time of renal exclusion in the juxtarenal aneurysms was 20 min (range 12-35 min). There is no difference between the two groups as regards the time of aortic clamping (mean 50 vs. 60 min) or the need for homologous blood transfusion (7% vs. 11% of patients). Perioperative (30 days) mortality did not differ: 3.6% vs. 1.9% (n.s.); nor did the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (3.6% vs. 2.3%). Renal function deteriorated in 8 (14%) vs. 0 (0%) (p<0.001) and 1 patient (2%) required permanent dialysis, as compared to 0% in Group 2. The incidence of ischaemic colitis was also significantly higher in Group 1 (7%) than in Group 2 (2%, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: this data shows that suprarenal clamping, which is necessary for the radical treatment of juxtarenal aortic aneurysms, can be performed with a low risk.     

Hypothermic renal protection using cold histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution perfusion in suprarenal aortic surgery

We examined data of 21 patients who were treated with selective perfusion of both renal arteries with 500 mL of 8 degrees C histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution each for renal protection during aortic surgery. Only the data from aortic surgeries with unavoidable suprarenal aortic cross-clamping for juxtarenal or suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) or high Leriche syndrome accompanied with stenosis of renal arteries are presented. Five patients underwent immediate surgery because of perforation of an AAA; the other 16 patients went through elective surgeries. In three cases (14%) stenosis of the renal arteries was diagnosed; nevertheless, implantation of an aortorenal bypass was necessary in seven patients. In total, 14 aortorenal bypasses were implanted (five venous grafts and nine prosthesis grafts). Four (19%) patients needed catecholaminergic support to establish stable circulatory conditions; in two (9%) of these cases additional ischemia of the colon was observed and sigmoidectomy was performed. All of these four patients underwent immediate surgery, and one died after surgery because of severe sepsis. In four cases postsurgical renal insufficiency was observed. Three of these patients were admitted for emergency surgery because of their hemodynamic situation due to perforation of the AAA. None of the patients needed chronic dialysis after surgery. Whereas in all patients who underwent elective surgery the renal function remained stable as judged by postoperative serum creatinine values, in five out of seven patients with aortorenal bypass surgery the renal function improved. Perfusion with cold HTK solution offers an additional procedure to protect renal function in patients undergoing elective surgery with suprarenal cross-clamping of the aorta.     

Hybrid treatment for juxtarenal aortic occlusion: successful revascularization using iliofemoral semiclosed endarterectomy and kissing-stents technique

A 53-year-old man with a significant respiratory history waiting for lung transplantation presented with severe bilateral buttock and thigh claudication. Angiography revealed severe stenosis of the left renal artery and total occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta and iliac vessels. Via a bilateral surgical femoral exposure, we performed semiclosed endarterectomy of the iliofemoral vessels and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty stenting of the infrarenal aorta with two Palmaz stents and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty "kissing stents" of the iliac arteries with three Luminexx stents bilaterally. Completion angiography showed successful complete recanalization of the aortoiliofemoral axis. Palpable distal pulses were restored. A combined surgical and endovascular approach should be considered a viable alternative to laparotomy in selected patients with total juxtarenal aortic occlusion.     

Management of acute aortic occlusion.

Acute aortic occlusion is most often seen in elderly patients with advanced cardiac disease. The management of these patients has been facilitated by the use of extraanatomic bypass. Over the past 2 years, six patients aged 55 to 87 years presented to our medical center with acute aortic occlusion, three after major operative procedures. One patient had a thrombosed abdominal aortic aneurysm; in the other five patients differentiation between saddle embolus and thrombosis of the distal aorta was impossible. There was one operative death. Four of the other five patients underwent axillobifemoral bypass and one underwent aortofemoral thrombectomy. All survived, and none required amputation. Two of the three patients who underwent preoperative aortography developed transient renal failure postoperatively. Aortography is of little value in diagnosis and is probably contraindicated in acute aortic occlusion. Our recommendation for operative management includes (1) preparation of the patient for possible axillobifemoral bypass, (2) angiography of distal runoff via both femoral arteries, (3) attempt at bilateral aortofemoral embolectomy with Fogarty catheters, and (4) axillobifemoral bypass if embolectomy fails to restore normal pulsatile flow.     

Technik des offenen Bauchaortenersatzes

Abdominal aortic aneurysms have a prevalence of up to 9% in the subgroup of elderly (>?65 years) men and are responsible for approximately 2% of deaths in this group due to aneurysm rupture. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are most frequently confined to the infrarenal aorta; however, in 5% of cases they may extend proximally to the renal arteries (juxtarenal aneurysms). Open surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms is indicated at a diameter over 5.5?cm in asymptomatic patients and is accompanied by mortality between 1 and 2% in specialized centres and 4.3% in randomized multicentre studies. The principle of surgical therapy is replacement of the diseased aorta by implantation of a prosthetic graft. Depending on the extent of the aneurysm, tube grafts or bifurcated grafts can be utilized. In this article operative details of the implantation of tube and bifurcated grafts as well as additional techniques for the treatment of juxtarenal, inflammatory and ruptured aneurysms will be presented.     

Ascending aorta to femoral arteries bypass without opening the abdominal cavity. Choice treatment in cases of complete occlusion of the infrarenal aorta

In two cases which needed a revascularization of the inferior limbs, it was possible to utilize the subrenal aorta (the first case was affected by an infrarenal aortic occlusion; the second by an infection of a previously inserted aortofemoral graft), the AA. elected to perform a bypass with a dacron graft between the ascending aorta and femoral arteries according to the technique already proposed by Kaplitt. Having accomplished the proximal anastomoses to the ascending aorta through a midsternal incision, the graft was placed into a properitoneal tunnel down to both inguinal regions. This tunnel was obtained in the anterior abdominal wall by a blind blunt dissection entering the properitoneal space at the inferior end of the sternal incision. In this way the opening of the abdomen is avoided. On account of its poor risk, this procedure is advisable not only in cases of infrarenal aortic occlusion but almost in all aged and poor risk patients who require a revascularization of the inferior limbs.