药食同源产品之卖点

按照《卫生部关于进一步规范保健食品原料管理的通知(卫法监发[2002]51号)》里列出的"既是食品又是药品的物品名单",这类品种共有87种:丁香、八角茴香、刀豆、小茴香、小蓟、山药、山楂、马齿苋、乌梢蛇、乌梅、木瓜、火麻仁、代代花、玉竹、甘草、白芷、白果、白扁豆、白扁豆花、龙眼肉(桂圆)、决明子、百合、肉豆蔻、肉桂、余甘子、佛手、杏仁(甜、苦)、沙棘、牡蛎、芡实、花椒、赤小豆、阿胶、鸡内金、麦芽、昆布、枣(大枣、酸枣、黑枣)、罗汉果、郁李仁、金银花、青果、鱼腥草、姜(生姜、干姜)、枳子、枸杞子、栀子、砂仁、胖大海、茯苓、香橼、香薷、桃仁、桑叶、桑椹、桔红、桔梗、益智仁、荷叶、莱菔子、莲子、高良姜、淡竹叶、淡豆豉、菊花、菊苣、黄芥子、黄精、紫苏、紫苏籽、葛根、黑芝麻、黑胡椒、槐米、槐花、蒲公英、蜂蜜、榧子、酸枣仁、鲜白茅根、鲜芦根、蝮蛇、橘皮、薄荷、薏苡仁、薤白、覆盆子、藿香.     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置：论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置：论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置： 论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误洽、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置： 论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、乖斗研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

推广医药研究成果交流医药临床经验报道医药发展动态促进医药卫生发展

《中国当代医药》来稿要求栏目设置：论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置：论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置： 论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置：论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

超声生物显微镜在“三明治”式人羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼疗效评价中的作用

目的评价超声生物显微镜(UBM)在"三明治"式人羊膜移植术后随访中的作用。方法对49例(50只眼)难治性青光眼行小梁切除联合"三明治"式人羊膜移植术,术后1、3、6、9、12个月行UBM检查滤过泡的形态、滤过泡内腔大小、巩膜瓣下形成液间腔的大小(最大宽和高)、羊膜的变化情况,眼压情况。结果①滤过泡形态:低回声型为50%,高回声型为40%,包裹型为6%,平坦型为4%。②滤过泡内腔大小:术后1个月,最宽处平均为(3.23±0.21)mm,最高处平均为(0.68±0.12)mm,术后3个月,最宽处平均为(3.12±0.16)mm,最高处平均为(0.63±0.12)mm,术后6个月,最宽处平均为(3.04±0.11)mm,最高处平均为(0.59±0.06)mm,术后9个月,最宽处平均为(3.00±0.09)mm,最高处平均为(0.55±0.11)mm,术后12个月,最宽处平均为(2.98±0.11)mm,最高处平均为(0.53±0.20)mm,前9个月比较,最大宽和高差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③巩膜瓣下液间腔的大小:术后1个月,最宽处平均为(2.07±0.21)mm,最高处平均为(0.47±0.16)mm,术后3个月,最宽处平均为(2.07±0.13)mm,最高处平均为(0.46±0.20)mm,术后6个月,最宽处平均为(2.06±0.23)mm,最高处平均为(0.45±0.16)mm,术后9个月,最宽处平均为(2.04±0.18)mm,最高处平均为(0.43±0.13)mm,术后12个月,最宽处平均为(2.03±0.22)mm,最高处平均为(0.42±0.27)mm,不同时期比较最大宽和高均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。④羊膜平均存留时间为(8.68±1.10)个月。结论 UBM是一种客观的、有效的随访工具,"三明治"式人羊膜移植术能有效保持滤过道的通畅。     

马蔺子素中残留乙醇、乙酸乙酯的测定

目的应用顶空气相色谱法,对马蔺子素中的残留溶剂乙醇和乙酸乙酯进行测定。方法采用固定相为94%二甲基聚硅氧烷-6%氰丙基苯基,0.53mm×30m,膜厚3.0μm的色谱柱,以氮气为载气,FID检测器,通过外标法计算残留溶剂的含量。结果马蔺子素中有乙醇检出,乙酸乙酯未检出。乙酸乙酯的线性范围:2.22～666μg(r=0.9999);乙醇的线性范围:4.84～484μg(r=0.9998);定量限乙醇为4.8ppm,乙酸乙酯为2.2ppm;检测限乙醇为0.5ppm,乙酸乙酯为0.4ppm。平均回收率乙醇为105.2%,乙酸乙酯为95.2%。结论本方法简便、灵敏度高、重复性好,结果准确。     

Mutagenicity of bromate: implications for cancer risk assessment

Bromate (BrO3-) is a rodent carcinogen that is formed as a drinking water ozone disinfection by-product and also used in some food and consumer products. Therefore, bromate is subject to assessment for its risk to humans. Because the selection of an appropriate model for conducting quantitative cancer risk assessment is based upon an understanding of the chemical's mode-of-action, it is necessary to determine whether the chemical is a mutagenic carcinogen. We present a review of the available information concerning the weight-of-the-evidence that bromate is a mutagenic carcinogen. The evidence indicates that bromate is mutagenic and that this activity is mediated by the formation of oxidative damage to the DNA, thus resulting in chromosomal damage. Not only does bromate induce genetic damage in vitro, it is also demonstrated to induce mutations in the kidney of exposed rats. This is significant because the rat kidney is one of the target tissues for tumor induction. While it is clear that bromate can cause damage in the target tissue, it is not clear whether bromate is a mutagenic carcinogen, that is, whether the observed tumors result from a mutagenic mode-of-action. Further research is needed to clarify bromate's mode-of-action. However, in the absence of additional information, it is reasonable, based on an extensive database, to assume that bromate induces tumors via oxidative damage that causes chromosomal breakage.     

41例小婴儿低血钙引起呼吸紊乱临床分析

目的探讨41例小婴儿低血钙引起呼吸节律紊乱的临床特点及诊疗体会。方法回顾性分析41例呼吸紊乱的患儿临床表现、实验室检查。结果主要表现有,呼吸暂停12例,叹息样呼吸13例,抽泣样呼吸8例,窒息2例,颜面青紫或苍白26例,呼吸心跳骤停2例,四肢肌张力增高3例;血生化检查39例确诊为低血钙,正常2例,血磷升高35例,血钾、钠、氯、镁均正常。结论新生儿或小婴儿皮层各部位之间电活动的兴奋传导功能较差,临床不出现典型惊厥发作,可出现呼吸节律改变。治疗的关键是争取尽早静脉补充钙剂。     

念珠菌性阴道炎的临床用药经济学分析

目的把现有的治疗念珠菌药分成四组,比较治疗方案的疗效与成本。方法对2003年6~12月间在我院门诊确诊为念珠菌性阴道炎251例患者随机分成4组,分别给予不同的药物治疗进行疗效与成本分析。结果A组方案治疗67例有效57例,有效率85.1%,价格为7.90元;B组方案治疗62例,有效52例,有效率83.9%,价格为117.00元;C组方案治疗65例,有效59例,有效率90.8%,价格为48.32元;D组方案治疗57例,治愈52例,有效率90.1%,价格为169.43元。结论根据X2检验四组药物对念珠菌性阴道炎有效率没有显著性差异,但对治愈率有显著差异,从经济学角度考虑C组具有价格优势且疗效满意,为理想的治疗方案。     

Clinical pharmacokinetics of some newer diuretics

Several new diuretics have recently been developed. This review summarises the published knowledge about some of them. Azosemide is a loop diuretic. The bioavailability is about 15% and it has a half-life of 2 to 3 hours. Renal and non-renal clearance are 1.32 and 5.4 L/h, respectively. Etozolin is also a loop diuretic. It is rapidly metabolised to the active metabolite, ozolinone. The gastrointestinal uptake of etozolin is almost complete. The plasma half-life of etozolin and ozolinone are 2 and 10 hours, respectively. The compounds are mainly eliminated as metabolites. Renal and liver impairment do not seem to change the pharmacokinetics. Fenquizone has properties similar to the thiazides. The plasma half-life is approximately 17 hours. Apparent volume of distribution averaged 686 L and renal clearance is 7.2 L/h. Indapamide acts predominantly on the proximal segment of the distal tubule and also has direct vasodilatory effects. Gastrointestinal uptake is at least 80%. The drug binds highly to carbonic anhydrases of red blood cells. Protein binding is about 80%, while terminal plasma half-life is 15 hours and the apparent volume of distribution 25 L. Renal clearance is 0.3 L/h and non-renal clearance 0.9 L/h. Several metabolites have been described, of which one major metabolite is pharmacologically active. Muzolimine is a loop diuretic. Its uptake is almost complete, but decreased substantially by food. The protein binding is about 65%, the apparent volume of distribution is about 1 L/kg and average terminal half-life 10 to 20 hours. Elimination is mainly non-renal, and non-renal clearance ranges between 0.5 and 1.32 L/h. The pharmacokinetics of the drug do not seem to be changed in cardiac failure. Terminal plasma half-life is essentially unchanged in patients with renal failure, except in those with very severe reduction of glomerular filtration rate. Piretanide is a loop diuretic which is about 6 times as potent as frusemide (furosemide). Its bioavailability is most likely complete in healthy subjects and in renal patients. Protein binding in healthy subjects is about 95%. The plasma half-life of the drug is about 1 hour and apparent volume of distribution averages about 17 L. Renal and non-renal clearance are about 6 L/h, although renal clearance is decreased in renal failure: this decrease is correlated with glomerular filtration rate. Non-renal clearance is unchanged in renal failure, as is the apparent volume of distribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Relapse revisited: A critique of current concepts and clinical practice in the management of alcohol problems

How a problem is understood dictates how it is responded to. In this paper the problem of relapse and alcohol dependence is reconsidered. The existing major relapse paradigm is evaluated against the last two decades of research. It is concluded that the available research strongly questions the notion that relapse is an addiction-specific event. Instead, relapse is probably better understood as a complex, generic, human behaviour, undertaken at times by all of us. Given this, it is possible that mainstream psychological theories, such as decision making and attribution theory, are important in coming to any understanding of the phenomenon of relapse. It is also contended that the investigation of relapse is potentially an error of focus. Such study invites the investigation of those who do not succeed in changing behaviour, as against the study of those who do. For those concerned with the treatment of alcohol dependence, studying the successes may be a more informative process than studying the putative failures. Given the burgeoning of research over the past two decades the impact on treatment practice is reviewed. It is concluded that relapse prevention and management is very much on the alcohol-intervention agenda. However, the research evidence to date is consistent with the general psychotherapy literature in that doing something appears better than no intervention, but that an optimum, effective, intervention has yet to be devised.     

Effect of glibenclamide on sugar transport by fed, starved and diabetic rat small intestine

Glucose transfer by jejunum from starved rats is not as susceptible to gliben-clamide as is transfer by jejunum from fed or diabetic animals. Similarly, with fed rats, glucose transfer by ileum is not affected to the same extent by glibenclamide as is transfer by jejunum. Galactose transfer is less affected by glibenclamide than is glucose transfer, using jejunum from fed, starved or glucose-fed starved animals. Glibenclamide appears to deplete energy supplies in the intestinal cell by an uncoupling action. As a result, the transfer of a metabolized sugar, such as glucose, is markedly decreased because of an increase in metabolic rate. Consequently glucose transfer by intestinal tissue with a comparatively lower level of glycolysis is less affected. Similarly, the transfer of galactose is relatively unaffected compared with glucose transfer, since galactose is not involved in intracellular metabolism.     

胃癌分化程度、淋巴结转移和Hp感染与Bcl-2基因表达的关系

目的 了解胃癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移和Hp(幽门螺杆菌)感染与Bcl-2基因表达的关系,探讨Hp在胃癌发生、发展过程中的机制.方法 应用免疫组化和Warthin-Starry染色方法对76例胃癌组织中Bcl-2基因蛋白表达情况和幽门螺杆菌感染情况进行检测.结果 无淋巴结转移24例,Bcl-2阳性14例,有淋巴结转移52例,Bcl-2阳性35例,两者之间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).分化型腺癌23例,Bcl-2阳性14例,低分化腺癌53例,Bcl-2阳性25例,两者之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).46例Hp阳性病例中,Bcl-2阳性36例,30例Hp阴性病例中,Bcl-2阳性16例,两者之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 Bcl-2基因表达与胃癌淋巴结转移无关,与胃癌的分化程度和Hp感染有关.分化型胃癌Bcl-2基因表达高于低分化型胃癌,Hp阳性胃癌患者Bcl-2基因表达高于Hp阴性患者.Hp可能为促癌剂在胃癌的发生发展中起一定的作用.     

Evaluation and prediction of powder flowability in pharmaceutical tableting

The focus of this study is to establish a characterization method determining the powder flowability in context of tableting. At first, flowability of different materials is measured using the ring shear tester, and its prediction from particle size is established. Next, the model die-filling system is presented which is a modified version of previous studies. Using this system, flowability of different materials is measured at varying die speeds. A new curve fit to assess die fill ratio vs die speed is suggested improving predictability, and a novel flowability metric, “Die Fill Index” (DFI), is derived. The DFI is appropriate to describe flowability for most of the tested materials, and sensitivity of a material with respect to tableting speed. A correlation is generated predicting DFI from particle size. Additionally, it is shown that model die filling is the preferable method to assess flowability for tableting compared to ring shear tester.