蔗渣纤维表面处理方法对蔗渣纤维/聚乳酸复合材料力学性能的影响

采用了硅烷偶联剂结合碱溶液处理的方法对蔗渣纤维(BF)进行了表面改性, 研究了不同表面处理方法对蔗渣纤维/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料力学性能的影响, 用SEM对BF处理前后的形貌及复合材料的冲击断面进行了观察。结果表明: 经表面改性的BF都不同程度地改善了BF与PLA基体之间的界面相容性, 其中碱处理后再经偶联剂处理的方法效果最佳, 在40%(质量分数)蔗渣纤维的高填充量下, 复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为纯PLA的85.42%和59.74%, 较好地保持了基体PLA的力学强度; 碱处理使BF表面变粗糙、 长径比增大、 比表面积增加, 与PLA的界面粘结加强, 从而有效地提高了BF/PLA复合材料的力学性能。     

单向竹原纤维表面改性对其增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料性能的影响

采用碱处理、碱-偶联剂联合处理对竹原纤维进行表面改性,通过缝合-模压工艺制备了单向连续竹原纤维/不饱和聚酯树脂(BF/UP)复合材料。研究了不同表面改性方法对BF/UP复合材料静态、动态力学性能、吸水性能等的影响,并用SEM、红外光谱等技术研究了改性处理后纤维的表面及复合材料界面结合情况。结果表明:经过不同表面处理后BF/UP复合材料的性能均有所改善。当采用5wt%碱-3wt%偶联剂联合处理时,BF/UP复合材料综合性能最优,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度较未处理的分别提高了34.29%、15.95%、11.26%、29.39%;复合材料存储模量(33℃)较未处理的提高了63.80%,损耗因子有所降低;BF/UP复合材料24h、720h吸水率较未处理的分别减小了55.35%、27.32%。SEM和红外光谱结果表明,改性处理后竹原纤维表面杂质减少,附着了一层偶联剂膜,BF/UP复合材料中纤维与树脂之间的界面结合更好。     

碱处理对苎麻/醋酸纤维素复合材料的影响

通过优化碱处理工艺条件改善苎麻纤维结构和性能,同时对醋酸纤维素进行改性处理,制备了苎麻纤维增强醋酸纤维素复合材料。通过性能测试和扫描电镜观察发现:碱处理既提高苎麻纤维强度和模量,又对苎麻纤维有韧化作用,还提高纤维表面的吸附能力,从而提高苎麻纤维/醋酸纤维素基复合材料剪切强度和弯曲强度。     

甘蔗渣的改性方法对甘蔗渣/聚乳酸复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用碱处理、硅烷偶联剂及碱处理后再硅烷偶联剂等方法改性甘蔗渣（BF）,将改性后的BF与聚乳酸（PLA）共混制备BF/PLA复合材料。采用TGA、FTIR和SEM分析研究BF/PLA复合材料的热稳定性;分别采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa（FWO）法和Kissinger法研究BF/PLA复合材料的热分解动力学。结果表明,BF/PLA复合材料的热稳定与BF的结构及BF/PLA复合材料的界面相容性有关。碱处理使BF原纤化,降低BF的耐热性,不利于BF/PLA复合材料热稳定性及力学性能的提高;硅烷偶联剂改性可以改善BF与PLA的界面相容性,有助于提高BF/PLA复合材料的热稳定性。FWO法与Kissinger法计算得到的热分解活化能较一致,说明这两种方法都适合研究BF/PLA复合材料的热分解动力学。在所对比的BF/PLA复合体系中,硅烷偶联剂改性的BF/PLA复合材料热分解活化能最高、力学性能最佳,碱处理后再硅烷偶联剂改性的BF/PLA复合材料次之。     

纤维表面改性对PLA/Flax复合材料性能的影响

目的研究纤维表面改性对复合材料结晶、热稳定性、动态力学性能、尺寸稳定性、吸水率等的影响。方法采用碱、碱+马来酸酐、碱+KH550这3种处理方法对纤维表面进行改性,通过熔融挤出与聚乳酸(PLA)混合制备聚乳酸/亚麻纤维(PLA/Flax)复合材料。结果亚麻纤维经表面改性后使PLA更容易发生冷结晶,结晶结构更加致密、完善,PLA/Flax尺寸稳定性优于PLA。纤维的加入提高了PLA的吸水率,但热稳定性能有所降低。纤维表面改性降低了PLA/Flax的储能模量。结论碱+KH550处理纤维与PLA共混所得复合材料的结晶性、尺寸稳定性最佳,为高性能PLA/Flax复合材料的制备提供了一定的实验及理论依据。     

纳米SiO_2-NaOH-有机硅烷偶联剂表面改性对苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料性能的影响

为改善苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的力学性能和吸湿性能,采用纳米SiO_2联合NaOH和有机硅烷偶联剂KH570对苎麻纤维进行改性,考察了该表面改性方法对苎麻纤维化学结构、表面形貌、结晶度及对苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的力学性能和吸水性的影响。结果表明,苎麻纤维表面的胶质被NaOH溶解,纤维吸水性变强,变得疏松,与树脂基体的黏结性增强,纤维结晶度随着碱浓度的增加先升高后降低;有机硅烷偶联剂KH570与苎麻纤维发生偶联作用,静态水接触角增大,疏水性增强,使苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料界面性能提高;在有机硅烷偶联剂KH570作用下,SiO_2以纳米级尺寸与苎麻纤维表面羟基产生共价键,从而提高了苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的力学强度;实验表明,该方法改性后的苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料吸水率大大降低。     

剑麻纤维处理方法对SF/PF共混复合材料动态力学性能的影响

分别采用碱、硅烷偶联剂(A-1120)及阻燃剂(硼砂-HCHO-NaHSO3)对剑麻纤维进行表面处理,通过模压成型工艺制备了剑麻纤维/酚醛树脂(SF/PF)共混复合材料。采用动态力学性能测试(DMA)研究了SF表面处理方法对SF/PF共混复合材料动态力学性能、蠕变及应力松弛性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了SF/PF共混复合材料冲击断面的形态。结果表明,SF经偶联剂处理后,SF/PF共混复合材料的储能模量达到6310MPa,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)达到216℃,其储能模量和Tg分别比未处理复合材料提高2倍和15℃;SF经阻燃剂处理后,SF/PF共混复合材料的蠕变和应力松弛性能得到提高,SEM观察表明,SF表面处理对提高材料的界面粘接性具有一定的作用。     

甘蔗渣显微结构对聚乳酸/甘蔗渣复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用碱处理、硅烷偶联剂处理以及碱处理配合硅烷偶联剂处理等方式改性甘蔗渣(BF),采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TGA)以及力学性能测试等研究改性后BF结构的变化。结果表明,不同改性方法均明显改变了BF的结构及改性剂的键合方式。碱处理能够去除BF中的半纤维素等小分子聚合物以及部分非晶区的纤维素,导致BF热稳定性降低,结晶度上升。碱液浓度偏高以及碱处理时间过长会导致BF的纤维表面原纤化,虽然能增加与偶联剂反应的面积,但BF的强度大大下降,不利于BF的增强作用。因此,硅烷偶联剂处理的BF/PLA复合材料的相容性及力学性能最佳,其次为碱处理配合硅烷偶联剂处理的BF/PLA复合材料,最后为碱处理的BF/PLA复合材料。     

静电植绒法处理多壁碳纳米管改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

为提高玻纤增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能,采用静电植绒法将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)附着在玻纤织物表面,得到改性的玻纤织物。利用一种低黏度的环氧树脂和所制得的改性织物,采用真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)制备了MWCNTs改性格玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板,表征了层合板的力学性能。对进行力学实验后的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料试样断口进行了SEM和OPM观察。结果显示:与未添加MWCNTs的玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板相比,添加了MWCNTs的层合板的拉伸强度降低了10.24%,弯曲强度降低了13.90%,压缩强度降低了17.33%,拉伸模量和弯曲模量分别提高了19.38%和16.04%,压缩模量提高了13%;MWCNTs与玻纤织物之间的结合较弱,在拉伸作用下,存在明显的脱粘和分层;将改性玻纤织物在200℃下热压处理2h后,制备的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的力学性能均有所提高,热压处理后树脂与玻纤织物之间的界面结合得到改善。     

聚乙烯醇交联改性对天然纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)交联对洋麻(KF)增强聚丙烯(PP)、棕榈(PF)增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料进行改性,通过模压成型工艺制备KF/PP和PF/PP复合材料。研究不同交联方法对复合材料的结构和性能的影响,采用SEM、DMA等技术研究了改性对复合材料的界面结合及力学性能影响。结果表明:PVA协同偶联剂交联改性对天然纤维/PP复合材料的综合改性效果最好,当用5%PVA+3%偶联剂对KF/PP改性时,KF/PP复合材料的弯曲强度提升25.2%,弯曲模量提升35.49%,剪切强度提升28%,分别达到了50.90 MPa、5.76 GPa、5.4MPa。当用5%PVA+2%偶联剂对PF/PP改性时,PF/PP复合材料的弯曲强度提升31.46%,弯曲模量提升27.07%,剪切强度提升21.75%,分别达到44.33MPa、2.32GPa、5.18MPa。改性后KF/PP、PF/PP复合材料的含水率分别下降了46.89%、10.63%,吸水率分别下降了8.57%、6.12%。KF/PP改性后储能模量提高20.93%,PF/PP改性后Tg值由90.1℃上升到113.8℃。SEM表明:PVA协同偶联剂交联改性有效改善了纤维与PP间的粘结,纤维与PP间的界面结合得到改善。     

Effect of fiber surface-treatments on the properties of poly(lactic acid)/ramie composites

Ramie fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared by a two-roll mill. Ramie was treated by alkali and silane (3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane). Effect of surface treatment on the properties of the composites was studied. The tensile, flexural and impact strength of the composites have a significant improvement. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results show that the storage moduli of the composites with treated ramie increase with respect to the plain PLA and the composites with untreated fiber whereas tangent delta decreases. The Vicat softening temperature of the composites with treated fiber is greatly higher than that of the composites with untreated fiber. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) show that fiber treatment can improve the degradation temperature of the composites. Moreover, the morphology of fracture surface evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that surface treatment can get better adhesion between the fiber and the matrix.     

膨胀阻燃多层膜改性苎麻织物/苯并噁嗪树脂层压板的制备及性能

为提高苎麻织物作为复合材料增强体时的阻燃性能,首先,采用层层组装法在苎麻织物表面构筑了氨基化多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）-聚磷酸铵（APP）与聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）-APP膨胀阻燃多层膜;然后,将改性后的苎麻织物与苯并噁嗪树脂复合制备了苎麻织物/苯并噁嗪树脂层压板,并研究了层压板的热降解行为、阻燃性能与力学性能。结果表明:与纯苎麻织物/苯并噁嗪树脂层压板相比,含MWCNT-APP与PEI-APP膨胀阻燃多层膜的层压板热释放速率峰值由106.6 W·g-1降低至53.4 W·g-1和53.0 W·g-1,总热释放量由12.3 kJ·g-1降低至7.6 kJ·g-1和9.0 kJ·g-1,极限氧指数由23.5提高至27.2和27.0,UL94级别由无级别提高至V-0和V-1级,弯曲强度由81 MPa提高至122 MPa和143 MPa,弯曲断裂伸长率由1.2%提高至1.4%和1.7%,拉伸性能也得到了一定的改善。所得结论表明使用MWCNT-APP与PEI-APP膨胀阻燃多层膜可在提高层压板阻燃性能的同时,改善其力学性能。      

偶联剂对硼酸铝晶须/双马来酰亚胺性能的影响

应用自行合成的一类新型硼酸酯偶联剂及硅烷偶联剂等对硼酸铝晶须进行表面处理,考察了硼酸铝晶须对双马来酰亚胺树脂体系性能的影响.结果表明,硼酸酯处理后的晶须对材料的改性作用较硅烷更加显著;硼酸铝晶须添加到双马来酰亚胺树脂中后,材料的弯曲强度在晶须含量为5%时达到最大值,而后随晶须含量的增大稍有下降;随晶须添加量的增大材料的弯曲模量和耐热性逐渐提高;经硼酸酯处理的晶须与树脂基体具有更好的界面粘接.     

聚丙烯/改性煤系高岭土复合材料的制备与性能

煤系高岭土经过硅烷偶联剂表面改性后,与聚丙烯(PP)树脂熔融共混制备出聚丙烯/改性煤系高岭土复合材料。通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、力学性能和扫描电镜分析,研究了改性煤系高岭土的填充量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,利用硅烷偶联剂可以实现煤系高岭土的表面改性。改性煤系高岭土填充量为3%时,复合材料具有最佳的冲击韧性。填充量为5%时,复合材料的断裂伸长率达到最大值。随着改性煤系高岭土填充量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量逐渐增大,填充量为10%时,二者比纯PP分别提高14.5%和27.5%。     

A study of the mechanical properties of short natural-fiber reinforced composites

The degree of fiber–matrix adhesion and its effect on the mechanical reinforcement of short henequen fibers and a polyethylene matrix was studied. The surface treatments were: an alkali treatment, a silane coupling agent and the pre-impregnation process of the HDPE/xylene solution. The presence of Si–O–cellulose and Si–O–Si bonds on the lignocellulosic surface confirmed that the silane coupling agent was efficiently held on the fibres surface through both condensation with cellulose hydroxyl groups and self-condensation between silanol groups.

The fiber–matrix interface shear strength (IFSS) was used as an indicator of the fiber–matrix adhesion improvement, and also to determine a suitable value of fiber length in order to process the composite with relative ease. It was noticed that the IFSS observed for the different fiber surface treatments increased and such interface strength almost doubled only by changing the mechanical interaction and the chemical interactions between fiber and matrix.

HDPE-henequen fiber composite materials were prepared with a 20% v/v fiber content and the tensile, flexural and shear properties were studied. The comparison of tensile properties of the composites showed that the silane treatment and the matrix-resin pre-impregnation process of the fiber produced a significant increase in tensile strength, while the tensile modulus remained relatively unaffected. The increase in tensile strength was only possible when the henequen fibers were treated first with an alkaline solution. It was also shown that the silane treatment produced a significant increase in flexural strength while the flexural modulus also remained relatively unaffected. The shear properties of the composites also increased significantly, but, only when the henequen fibers were treated with the silane coupling agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of the composites failure surfaces also indicated that there is an improved adhesion between fiber and matrix. Examination of the failure surfaces also indicated differences in the interfacial failure mode. With increasing fiber–matrix adhesion the failure mode changed from interfacial failure and considerable fiber pull-out from the matrix for the untreated fiber to matrix yielding and fiber and matrix tearing for the alkaline, matrix-resin pre-impregnation and silane treated fibers.     

The use of a mixed coupling agent system to improve the performance of polypropylene-based composites reinforced with short-glass-fibre mat

In order to improve the mechanical properties of composites consisting of polypropylene reinforced with mats of short glass fibres, the fibre surface was treated with a silane coupling agent, N-β(N-vinylbenzylaminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane hydrogen chloride (STS), and a titanate coupling agent, isopropyltriisostearoyl titanate (TTS). The flexural properties and the impact absorption energy of these composites were measured as a function of coupling agent concentration. STS-only treatment of the fibre surface enhanced the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of the composite, while TTS-only treatment decreased the flexural strength and the flexural modulus. The improved flexural properties of the composite brought about by the STS-only treatment were obtained at the cost of its impact absorption energy, whereas TTS-only treatment showed the inverse characteristics. However, in a mixed coupling agent system, the impact absorption energy of the composite was improved without a reduction in the flexural properties. A morphological study of the fracture surfaces of the composite after impact testing, void content measurement and single-fibre fragmentation test were also carried out to understand the interfacial phenomena of the surface treated composites.