Communication network requirements for major smart grid applications in HAN,NAN and WAN

Since the introduction of the smart grid, accelerated deployment of various smart grid technologies and applications have been experienced. This allows the traditional power grid to become more reliable, resilient, and efficient. Despite such a widespread deployment, it is still not clear which communication technology solutions are the best fit to support grid applications. This is because different smart grid applications have different network requirements – in terms of data payloads, sampling rates, latency and reliability. Based on a variety of smart grid use cases and selected standards, this paper compiles information about different communication network requirements for different smart grid applications, ranging from those used in a Home Area Network (HAN), Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) and Wide-Area Network (WAN). Communication technologies used to support implementation of selected smart grid projects are also discussed. This paper is expected to serve as a comprehensive database of technology requirements and best practices for use by communication engineers when designing a smart grid network.     

Service Orientation and the Smart Grid state and trends

The energy market is undergoing major changes, the most notable of which is the transition from a hierarchical closed system toward a more open one highly based on a ??smart?? information-rich infrastructure. This transition calls for new information and communication technologies infrastructures and standards to support it. In this paper, we review the current state of affairs and the actual technologies with respect to such transition. Additionally, we highlight the contact points between the needs of the future grid and the advantages brought by service-oriented architectures.     

智能电网安全架构与分析

文章介绍了智能电网的概念、特征和用途,总结了智能电网的通信与网络架构,分析了智能电网的安全架构和安全需求,综述了智能电网安全的研究现状,指出了需要研究的安全问题。     

电网转型背景下地市级智能电网示范区规划研究

在南方电网公司向智能电网运营商、能源产业价值链整合商、能源生态系统服务商转型的背景下,贵阳智能电网示范区面临着巨大的机遇和挑战。以南方电网公司安全、可靠、绿色、高效的智能电网发展总体要求为指引,结合贵阳市经济社会发展需求,研究贵阳智能电网示范区规划方案。提出了更加安全可靠、更加智能高效、更加规范统一、更加减量增益的贵阳智能电网示范区总体目标,明确了近期（2019-2020年）和远期（2021-2025年）两步走的智能电网示范区发展路线,提出了提高城市电网供电可靠性、提升农网供电能力、加强智能技术应用、推动大数据应用、提升智能用电水平、开展综合能源服务等6项重点任务、19项重点工作,以期全面建成贵阳智能电网示范区,进一步提升服务经济社会发展的能力。     

AN INTELLIGENT SELF-CONFIGURABLE MECHANISM FOR DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

The next generation of smart grid technologies demands intelligent capabilities for communication, interaction, monitoring, storage, and energy transmission. Multi-agent systems are envisioned to provide autonomic and adaptability features to these systems in order to gain advantage in their current environments. In this article we present a mechanism for providing distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) with intelligent capabilities. In more detail, we propose a self-configurable mechanism that allows a DESS to adapt itself according to the future environmental requirements. This mechanism is aimed at reducing the costs at which energy is purchased from the market.     

The role of communication systems in smart grids: Architectures,technical solutions and research challenges

The purpose of this survey is to present a critical overview of smart grid concepts, with a special focus on the role that communication, networking and middleware technologies will have in the transformation of existing electric power systems into smart grids. First of all we elaborate on the key technological, economical and societal drivers for the development of smart grids. By adopting a data-centric perspective we present a conceptual model of communication systems for smart grids, and we identify functional components, technologies, network topologies and communication services that are needed to support smart grid communications. Then, we introduce the fundamental research challenges in this field including communication reliability and timeliness, QoS support, data management services, and autonomic behaviors. Finally, we discuss the main solutions proposed in the literature for each of them, and we identify possible future research directions.     

智能电网中家域网安全数据汇聚与调度方法研究

智能电网中通信网络的安全是实施智能电网的一个重要环节。用户信息的隐私保护是智能电网安全服务的一个主要任务。智能电网中用户信息隐私保护主要围绕智能电表数据的机密性和匿名性展开。本文以家域网作为智能电网通信网络的一个基本数据汇聚与调度单元,提出了一种安全的网内数据汇聚与调度方法,从而保证了智能家居设备的用电信息的机密性和匿名性。采用NS-2对本文提出的网内方法进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,本文提出的网内数据汇聚与调度方法与传统方法相比具有较高的实用性。     

Simulation of the smart grid communications: Challenges,techniques, and future trends

This paper gives an overview of available simulation techniques to support the analysis of smart grid communications. Intelligent power grids, known as smart grids, are required as the demand for energy continues to grow and more emphasis is being placed on the supply of renewable energy. The main ingredient of smart grid is the integration of information and communication technology into the grids to monitor and regulate power generation and the demand. The impact of the communication networks on the performance of power system dynamics can only be understood through numerical simulations. This paper provides an overview of available simulation techniques for smart grid communications with a particular focus on the co-simulation frameworks and their enabling technologies. Moreover, a case study with VPNET for analyzing agent based shipboard smart grid protections considering communication impacts is provided.     

智能配电网技术方案的应用设计

分析了能量流、信息流及业务流在传统配电网、数字配电网及智能配电网中的不同特征,提出了智能配电网的技术方案,给出了完善电网基础设施(即能量传输系统-配电网网架)、通信传输系统平台以及相关的智能配电终端的设计方法;构建了智能配电网调度系统、配电自动化系统、用电管理系统及其构成的调配一体化系统、配用一体化系统、调配用一体化系统的基本功能、基础应用和高级应用架构,并对各个环节的关键技术组成进行了探讨。     

绿色移动边缘网络中可靠的虚拟网络功能部署技术研究

绿色移动边缘网络(GMEN)是一个新兴的分布式网络,它将可再生的绿色能量作为边缘节点运行的主要能源,从而减少从电网中获取的能量。在GMEN中,网络服务供应商可以将多个虚拟网络功能(VNF)按照特定的顺序组成服务功能链(SFC)来处理用户的请求,这些VNF可以以软件实例的形式被灵活地部署在边缘节点上来高效地利用绿色能量。为了保证服务的时延和可靠性要求,需要把多个备份VNF(BVNF)部署在距VNF k跳范围内的节点上,以便在VNF发生故障时能代替它继续提供满足时延要求的服务。然而,每个地理分散的边缘节点收集到的绿色能量是动态变化的,如果VNF周围的节点所收集的能量减少并小于运行BVNF所需的能耗,则需要从电网中获取额外的能量来保证它的运行。因此,根据节点收集的绿色能量和使用计算、通信等资源所消耗的能量速率,制定在线的VNF和BVNF联合部署方案,使得边缘节点从电网中获取的能量被最小化,同时保证服务的时延和可靠性要求,是一个NP-hard问题。目前,已有许多工作对这一问题进行了研究,并取得了一定的成果,但在实际的应用中仍面临着一些问题。为了更深入地推进该领域的研究,对近几年的最新研究成果进...     

智能电网ICS系统信息安全研究简

智能电网的应用改变了原有电网的网络通信结构和应用模式,如何全面的保障新形式下电网ICS系统的信息安全是一个必须深入探讨和研究并亟待解决的关键问题之一。本文首先剖析了智能电网中ICS系统与传统IT的区别,在分析ICS系统所面临的信息安全漏洞后提出了针对以上信息安全威胁的安全防护建议。     

A novel data collection mechanism for smart grids using public transportation buses

In this study, we propose a novel solution for collecting smart meter data by merging Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) and smart grid communication technologies. In our proposed mechanism, Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks are utilized for collecting data from smart meters, eliminating the need for manpower. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study proposing the utilization of public transportation vehicles for collecting data from smart meters. With this work, the use of the IEEE 802.11p protocol has been proposed for the first time for use in smart grid applications. In our scheme, data flows first from smart meters to a bus through infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication and then from the bus to a bus stop through vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. The performance of our proposed mechanism has been investigated in detail in terms of end-to-end delay and delivery ratio by using Network Simulator-2 and with different routing protocols.     

Automated discovery and integration of semantic urban data streams: The ACEIS middleware

With the growing popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and sensors deployment, more and more cities are leaning towards smart cities solutions that can leverage this rich source of streaming data to gather knowledge that can be used to solve domain-specific problems. A key challenge that needs to be faced in this respect is the ability to automatically discover and integrate heterogeneous sensor data streams on the fly for applications to use them. To provide a domain-independent platform and take full benefits from semantic technologies, in this paper we present an Automated Complex Event Implementation System (ACEIS), which serves as a middleware between sensor data streams and smart city applications. ACEIS not only automatically discovers and composes IoT streams in urban infrastructures for users’ requirements expressed as complex event requests, but also automatically generates stream queries in order to detect the requested complex events, bridging the gap between high-level application users and low-level information sources. We also demonstrate the use of ACEIS in a smart travel planner scenario using real-world sensor devices and datasets.     

A Survey on Smart Agriculture: Development Modes,Technologies, and Security and Privacy Challenges

With the deep combination of both modern information technology and traditional agriculture, the era of agriculture 4.0, which takes the form of smart agriculture, has come. Smart agriculture provides solutions for agricultural intelligence and automation. However, information security issues cannot be ignored with the development of agriculture brought by modern information technology. In this paper, three typical development modes of smart agriculture (precision agriculture, facility agriculture, and order agriculture) are presented. Then, 7 key technologies and 11 key applications are derived from the above modes. Based on the above technologies and applications, 6 security and privacy countermeasures (authentication and access control, privacy-preserving, blockchain-based solutions for data integrity, cryptography and key management, physical countermeasures, and intrusion detection systems) are summarized and discussed. Moreover, the security challenges of smart agriculture are analyzed and organized into two aspects: 1) agricultural production, and 2) information technology. Most current research projects have not taken agricultural equipment as potential security threats. Therefore, we did some additional experiments based on solar insecticidal lamps Internet of Things, and the results indicate that agricultural equipment has an impact on agricultural security. Finally, more technologies (5 G communication, fog computing, Internet of Everything, renewable energy management system, software defined network, virtual reality, augmented reality, and cyber security datasets for smart agriculture) are described as the future research directions of smart agriculture.      

Power flow Petri Net modelling for building integrated multi-source power system with smart grid interaction

This paper presents an energy management modelling of a multi-source power system composed of photovoltaic (PV) array, storage and power grid connection, and taking into account messages from smart grid. The designed system can supply a tertiary building at the same time as PV may produce energy. The control strategy aims to manage the power flow through the load with respect to its power demand and public grid constraints. The proposed energy management modelling is based on interpreted Petri Nets formalism. The system is tested using a simulation Stateflow model and responds within certain limits. The results show that this approach is valid and can be a solution for the future smart grid communication between buildings and public grid and may contribute to a better balance between production and consumption and future energy management.     

A hierarchical optimization model for energy data flow in smart grid power systems

Environmental concerns and high prices of fossil fuels increase the feasibility of using renewable energy sources in smart grid. Smart grid technologies are currently being developed to provide efficient and clean power systems. Communication in smart grid allows different components to collaborate and exchange information. Traditionally, the utility company uses a central management unit to schedule energy generation, distribution, and consumption. Using centralized management in a very large scale smart grid forms a single point of failure and leads to serious scalability issues in terms of information delivery and processing. In this paper, a three-level hierarchical optimization approach is proposed to solve scalability, computational overhead, and minimize daily electricity cost through maximizing the used percentage of renewable energy. At level one, a single home or a group of homes are combined to form an optimized power entity (OPE) that satisfies its load demand from its own renewable energy sources (RESs). At level two, a group of OPEs satisfies energy requirements of all OPEs within the group. At level three, excess in renewable energy from different groups along with the energy from the grid is used to fulfill unsatisfied demands and the remaining energy are sent to storage devices.     

电力线通信在智能电网中的应用

在构建坚强智能电网的背景下,提出了利用电力线缆作为智能电网通信的有效传输介质,以电力线通信技术为核心,完成全网设备之间的无缝联络,为配电侧用户提供高速数据服务。在与传统通信方式的比较之下,分析了电力线通信技术的应用优势和关键技术,给出了低压电力线信道模型。探讨了电力线通信技术在智能电网中的应用要求和发展前景。     

Blockchain-empowered security and privacy protection technologies for smart grid

With the rapid development in society of the economy and of computational technologies, it is particularly important to build a secure, efficient and reliable smart grid architecture to provide users with high-quality electricity services. However, data collection and energy trading in public networks creates security and privacy challenges in smart grids. Blockchain technologies have the excellent characteristics of decentralization, immutability and traceability, which can resolve the security, integration and coordination problems faced by the traditional centralized networks for smart grids. The goal of this paper is to introduce and compare blockchain-based technologies in addressing the problems of privacy protection, identity authentication, data aggregation and electricity pricing for the data collection and power energy trading processes in smart grids. In addition, the existing challenges and future research directions of smart grids are discussed.     

Performance evaluations of ZigBee in different smart grid environments

Recently, ZigBee Smart Energy profile has been developed for various smart grid applications, such as automatic metering, demand response, load control, power fraud detection, fault diagnostics, and distribution automation. In this paper, the performance of ZigBee has been evaluated in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio in different smart grid environments, including an indoor power control room, an outdoor 500 kV substation environment, and an underground network transformer vaults. Overall, our performance evaluations show that the ZigBee is ideal to use for low-power and low-data rate smart grid applications not having very high reliability requirements and real-time deadlines.     

云计算在智能电网调度中的应用

为解决传统电力系统中集中式计算平台海量数据流的存储和分析功能不足的问题,针对云计算在智能电网调度技术中的应用进行了研究。首先,对云计算技术在IT行业的发展进行阐述,对云计算的关键技术从虚拟化与快速部署技术、大规模分布式存储技术、资源调度技术、大规模多租户技术、海量数据处理技术以及大规模信息通信技术等方面出发进行介绍。其次,借鉴IT行业云计算技术,设计了基于云计算的智能电网计算平台以及基于云计算的智能电网互动式节能优化调度架构,以期推动云计算在电力系统中的发展,解决智能电网互动式节能优化调度算法方面的问题。