A火力发电厂1~#、2~#机组脱硫增效剂添加试验研究

研究某火力发电机组脱硫系统使用脱硫增效剂后的脱硫效率变化和系统的节约电能效果,同时研究了脱硫增效剂对石膏和废水的影响。提出脱硫增效剂的应用不仅能够提高脱硫效率,优化浆液循环泵运行方式,节约电能。还能够提高脱硫石膏品质。不同的脱硫装置和原烟气浓度,根据不同的添加剂,需要的最经济用量也不会相同,认为某电厂1~#、2~#机组(脱硫配置相同)及所用增效剂,较为经济的添加浓度为600 mg/L,并有进一步降低的空间。     

湿法脱硫系统优化运行

脱硫系统是发电厂的能耗大户,对系统稳定、经济、安全运行有显著影响。通过对脱硫系统主要运行参数及运行方式的调整,在满足环保要求的前提下,降低脱硫系统运行费用是脱硫系统优化运行的主要指导思想。通过对吸收塔浆液pH值、浆液循环泵投运组合、吸收塔液位等优化调整,得出了脱硫系统优化运行的操作方案,为实际优化运行提供了参考。     

基于动态矩阵算法的湿法脱硫控制系统设计

针对由燃料、负荷剧烈变化而导致湿法脱硫系统难以稳定经济高效运行的问题,提出了基于动态矩阵算法(DMC)的湿法脱硫系统优化策略。通过引入浆液循环泵,实现浆液喷淋量的局部连续调节,并通过粒子群优化算法结合机理模型对传递函数进行参数寻优,建立DMC控制策略,在保证控制品质的情况下实现节能控制。将优化后的DMC控制和PID控制引入负荷为220t/h的电厂锅炉湿法脱硫系统。结果表明:与PID控制相比,在DMC控制下出口SO_2质量浓度变化范围更小,出口SO_2质量浓度分布更集中,控制品质更好;与传统人工控制相比,变频控制总电流降幅为50～110A,具有很好的节能效果。     

基于GWO算法的脱硫系统出口SO2排放浓度目标值预测

考虑环保税对燃煤机组效益的影响,对脱硫系统综合成本进行了分析,建立了脱硫系统最佳出口SO_2排放浓度排放目标值模型,利用灰狼优化算法(GWO)对模型进行了优化求解以获得脱硫系统综合成本最低条件下的出口SO_2排放浓度。研究表明:在环保税单价高的地区,脱硫综合成本中环保税所占比重较大,此时降低出口SO_2排放浓度在一定程度上可以减少电厂的脱硫综合成本,随着环保税单价的增加,最佳出口SO_2排放浓度逐渐减小。     

汕尾电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统的运行优化分析

介绍了汕尾电厂600MW机组湿法烟气脱硫系统(FGD)的主要设计参数和流程,结合运行的实践,对影响厂用电率的烟气系统、吸收塔浆液循环泵的运行方式和影响安全运行的石膏脱水系统,可优化性进行了分析。对于脱硫系统的节能起到了显著的效果。     

WFGD实际运行工况对脱硫效率影响的分析

对某电厂2×300 MW机组1号脱硫系统进行全面的设备检查、系统运行检查、化学分析以及脱硫效率测试,通过设备现状(循环泵磨损、喷嘴堵塞等)和运行条件(低液位)对实际有效液气比(L/G)的影响分析,并考虑进口SO_2浓度的影响,根据修正曲线得到实际运行状态下的理论脱硫效率,与实测值吻合较好。说明该电厂脱硫系统的原设计正确,在现设备条件和运行条件下,脱硫系统的运行基本正常。在采取相应的措施后,在设计条件下运行,脱硫系统的性能可以达到设计的要求。     

双塔双循环脱硫系统超低排放运行优化研究

双塔双循环石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫工艺适用于燃用高硫煤的超低排放机组,在低于设计煤质及低负荷的运行工况下,易出现循环浆液泵、氧化风机投运数量过多、运行能耗偏高等问题.对某电厂双塔双循环脱硫系统运行数据进行分析,研究了机组负荷、入口烟气S02浓度、浆液pH值、浆液循环泵投运组合等对脱硫效率和电耗的影响,提出了双塔双循环脱硫系...     

煤电超低排放脱硫运行状态及稳定性评估

以实施超低排放改造后的某1 000 MW燃煤机组为例,从机组负荷、入口SO_2质量浓度、出口SO_2质量浓度、脱硫效率、浆液pH值等之间的相互关系及系统物耗、能耗入手,建立该机组脱硫装置的性能评估体系,对脱硫装置的运行状态、可靠性和稳定性进行详尽评估.结果表明:出口SO_2质量浓度与入口SO_2质量浓度具有一定的正相关性;机组负荷增大,出口SO_2质量浓度和脱硫效率均呈稍增长的趋势;浆液pH值维持在5.0~5.6时,出口SO_2质量浓度与浆液pH值具有一定的线性关系;石灰石消耗体积流量与SO_2的排放速率具有线性关系;石膏浆液保持稳定,可满足工艺设计要求;超低排放改造后水耗减少,电耗增加,脱硫塔出口SO_2质量浓度明显降低,其达标率为99.59%;机组总排口SO_2质量浓度稳定可靠,改造效果显著.     

常温循环流化床烟气脱硫影响脱硫效率的参数及机理

对循环流化床排烟脱硫进行了比较系统的试验,妆步探讨了热力学,化学等参数与脱硫效率的关系;通过不同运行方式的比较,找出了最佳运行工况和运行方式,初步分析了床内的反应理机,结果表明,运行温度越接近烟气露点,水蒸汽分压越高,脱硫效率越高,烟气中SO2浓度对脱硫效率的影响在不同的浓工区域表现出不同的趋势,钙硫比增加时脱硫效率呈增高趋势,在干粉法,喷水增湿法以及喷涂法第三种不同的脱硫剂加入方式中,喷浆法具有最高脱硫效率。     

480t/h循环流化床锅炉三级脱硫优化运行

影响循环流化床锅炉脱硫效率的因素主要有钙硫(Ca/S)摩尔比的影响、床温影响、粒度的影响、氧浓度的影响。广西百色银海发电公司2×150MW CFB锅炉脱硫系统,经过不断的改造、优化三级脱硫运行方式后,可以使排放中的SO_2排放浓度控制在≤300 mg/Nm~3以下,NOX排放浓度在30~80 mg/Nm~3运行,达到国家新的排放标准要求,脱硫经济最佳     

火电厂节能工作浅析

本文探讨了火电厂节能基本程序和工作方法,分析节能工作要从基础工作、技术创新、设备整治、燃烧管理等方面入手的论述.     

Geothermal energy in agriculture in Yugoslavia

SFR Yugoslavia has natural hot water springs practically all over its territory, indicating the presence of geothermal reservoirs underground. There is no final estimate of how much energy can be expected from this new resource, except for figures based on the results of studies and investigations.The first use of geothermal energy in Yugoslavia in numerous spas dates back to the 19th century. Some remarkable examples of central heating are known, but the most widespread use is in agriculture (in greenhouse heating, farm heating and drying of agricultural products).     

浅析磨合期汽车的使用

如何合理使用磨合期的汽车，使其摩擦机件的磨损量能够平稳、均匀地磨合而不至于过度磨损，对汽车实际使用寿命有着重要的意义。从机器磨合期的特点和磨损机理出发，对汽车磨合期如何正确使用进行了有实际意义的探讨。     

Energy conservation measures in an institutional building in sub-tropical climate in Australia

In this study, various energy conservation measures (ECMs) on heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems for a four-storied institutional building in sub-tropical (hot and humid climate) Queensland, Australia are evaluated using the simulation software called DesignBuilder (DB). Base case scenario of energy consumption profiles of existing systems are analysed and simulated first then, the simulated results are verified by on-site measured data. Three categories of ECMs, namely major investment ECMs (variable air volume (VAV) systems against constant air volume (CAV); and low coefficient of performance (COP) chillers against high COP chillers); minor investment ECMs (photo electric dimming control system against general lighting, and double glazed low emittance windows against single-glazed windows) and zero investment ECMs (reset heating and cooling set point temperatures) are evaluated. It is found that the building considered in this study can save up to 41.87% energy without compromising occupancies thermal comfort by implementing the above mentioned ECMs into the existing system.     

Energy consumption in rural transportation in India

Energy consumption in rural transportation has been computed, taking into account the energy embodied in vehicles or bullocks, as well as the fuels or feeds and food (of operators). Bullock cart transport consumes over four times more energy than vehicles. However, animal transport will continue to be preferred because of its availability.     

Electoral cycles in electricity losses in India

A third of electricity in India is lost each year, where losses refer to power that is supplied but not billed. Utilizing data from the power corporation of Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state, we study the politics of electricity losses. Examining annual data over four decades, we document that UP's electricity losses tend to increase in periods immediately prior to state assembly elections. Drawing upon geographically disaggregated data for the period 2000–09, we observe higher line losses just prior to the 2002 and 2007 state elections. Our analysis shows that the incumbent party was more likely to retain the assembly seat as line losses in the locality increased. We interpret these results as corroboration that political parties deliberately redirect electricity to flat rate and unbilled users in a context of chronically inadequate supply. Political factors appear to affect line losses in ways that technical and economic factors alone cannot explain.     

Leading-edge Technologies in Hydropower Development in China

After the implementation of the Reform and Opening-up Policy for a period of 40 years, the exploitation of China’s hydropower resources developed significantly. Through vast amounts of scientific and technological research and construction practices, China has accumulated abundant engineering experience with respect to the construction technologies required for 300-meter-high concrete arch dams, 200-meter-high roller-compacted concrete gravity dams, 200-meter-high concrete face rockfill dams, and 250-meter-high earth core rockfill dams, large-flow discharge and energy dissipation, huge underground cavern group constructions, complicated foundation treatments for high earth and rockfill dams and high and steep slope reinforcements. These series of technologies have now reached an international leading level. In the near future, these technical improvements will likely have broader application prospects and make greater contributions toward hydropower development both in China and across the world.     

Uncertainties in decarbonising heat in the UK

Heating is arguably one of the most difficult sectors to decarbonise in the UK's energy system. Meeting the 80% greenhouse gas emission reduction target by 2050 is likely to require that heat related emissions of CO₂ from buildings are near zero by 2050, and there is a 70% reduction in emissions from industry (from 1990 levels). Though it is clear that the use of the natural gas network will reduce over time, recent modelling suggests a limited residual role for gas by 2050 to help meet peaks in heat demand. High levels of uncertainty about the way in which heat will be decarbonised present a number of challenges to policy makers. This paper will explore the risks and uncertainties associated with the transition to a low carbon heat system in the UK as outlined by the 4th carbon budget review. The potential impact of key uncertainties on the levelised costs of heat technologies and the development of energy networks are explored using a sensitivity analysis approach. Policy changes required to decarbonise the heat sector are also examined.