尿巨细胞病毒定量检测在婴儿巨细胞病毒感染诊治中的意义

目的探讨荧光定量聚合酶链反应法（FQ—PCR）检测尿巨细胞病毒（CMV）在婴儿CMV感染的诊断与治疗动态监测中的应用价值。方法采用FQ—PCR法检测怀疑CMV感染婴儿血、尿CMV,分析阳性检出率、病毒含餐及治疗后的病毒含量变化。同时与ELISA法检测CMV—IgM结果进行比较。结果396例婴儿中,FQ—PCR法血、尿阳性检出率分别为10．61％、61．87％,尿阳性高于血（P〈0．01）;ELISA法阳性检出率为31．06％,FQ—PCR法尿阳性检出率明显高于ELISA法。治疗前后尿CMV拷贝数均高于血（P〈0．01）,治疗后血、尿CMV拷贝数较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论FQ—PCR法检测尿CMV在婴儿CMV感染的诊断与治疗动态监测中有良好的应用价值：     

血常规检测的重复性和一致性研究

目的探讨血常规检测的重复性和一致性,为临床提供更准确的检验结果。方法对60例健康成人同时进行静脉血和手指末梢血的血常规检测,并放置不同时间,重复测定8次,然后对结果进行比较分析。结果静脉血和手指末梢血血常规结果差异显著,白细胞指血高于静脉血,红细胞和血小板指血低于静脉血。采血放置6h内,静脉血较手指末梢血的血常规检测,具有更好的重复性和一致性。结论在临床工作中,对血常规的检测尽量采用静脉血,并重视采血后的放置时间,才能保证结果的准确性。     

表皮葡萄球菌污染对梅毒抗体检测结果的影响

目的:探讨表皮葡萄球菌对检测血标本梅毒特异性抗体结果的影响.方法:用已知62份健康体检人员梅毒特异性抗体阴性新鲜血标本,人为在每份标本中加入用生理盐水稀释成不同浓度的表皮葡萄球菌液,同时用ELISA一步法进行梅毒特异性抗体检测,用酶标仪检测标本OD值,结果以标本的OD值≥1为阳性进行判读.结果:当血标本被表皮葡萄球菌污染时,对检测梅毒特异性抗体有影响,可造成结果假阳性.结论:用ELISA一步法进行梅毒特异性抗体检测时,要尽快检测,以保证结果的准确性;不能及时检测时,应存放在4℃冰箱中,因在室温下标本容易被空气中的表皮葡萄球菌污染.     

应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中抗巨细胞病毒IgM

本文应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测了单项丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)升高患者血清115份,病毒性肝炎患者血清56份,正常人血清170份,血清中抗-CMV-IgM阳性率分别为37.4%、19.6%和8.2%.对单项ALT升高而临床诊断不明的病人有必要进行抗-CMV-IgM检测;对于病毒性肝炎患者,CMV 感染在特定情况下可加重病情,故检测病人血清抗-CMV-IgM有一定临床意义;由于献血员中存在着CMV较高带毒率,在免疫缺陷病人、器官移植者及婴儿等特殊易感人群输血时,应加强对献血者CMV检测和筛选.     

新生儿高胆红素血症巨细胞病毒抗体检测的意义

目的 探讨新生儿高胆红素血症与巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的关系及临床意义。方法 采用金标免疫斑点法对178份血清进行CMV抗体IgG,IgM检测,其中包括39例临床确诊的高胆红素血症新生儿及其母亲(78份血清),50例正常新生儿及其母亲(100份血清)作为对照组。结果 高胆红素血症新生儿CMV感染率为61.54％,对照组CMV感染率4％,均表现为IgG阳性;与对照组比,患儿CMV感染率明显增高,有显著差异,X~2=35.08,P<0.01;存在CMV感染的新生儿,其母也均对应有CMV感染,感染率与新生儿一致,表现以IgG,IgM均阳性为主或单一的IgG阳性。结论 新生儿高胆红素血症与母体感染CMV后造成的宫内感染和产通感染有明显的关系,围产期CMV感染可能是引起新生儿高胆红素血症的一个重要因素,CMV抗体检测可以作为临床上新生儿高胆红素血症病因诊断的依据。     

静脉血与末梢血血细胞检测结果分析

目的探讨静脉血与末梢血细胞检测结果的差异性，为临床提供更准确的检验结果。方法对140例健康成人与120例患者采用同时检测末梢血和静脉血细胞，对结果进行比较分析。结果静脉血与末梢血检测血细胞存在明显差异。结论血细胞检测标本的采集不当会给结果带来较大误差。因此在临床对于血细胞的分析要求采集静脉血，才能保证血液分析结果的准确性。     

SARS定点收治医院工作人员SARS冠状病毒感染的危险性调查

目的了解医院工作人员感染SARS病毒的危险性。方法对与SARS患者收治相关的工作人员进行问卷调查;用酶联免疫法检测SARS冠状病毒IgG抗体。结果发放调查问卷450份,收回问卷并采集血标本441人份。接受调查者全部按照防护规定进行个人防护。5例为SARS抗体IgG阳性,均为直接接触SARS病人和(或)与SARS病人标本或衣物直接接触者,比例为5／260;非直接接触SARS病人和(或)与SARS病人标本或衣物非直接接触者,比例为0／181,二者无统计学差异。5例SARS病毒IgG抗体阳性者分别来自SARS病房、CCU病区(该病区曾发生过临床疑似SARS病人)、儿科病房和门诊、标本转送中心及洗衣班,均不符合SARS的临床可能或疑似定义。结论医院目前的防护系统是完善的。     

凝聚胺技术在交叉配血、抗体筛选中的应用探讨

目的　探讨凝聚胺技术在交叉配血、抗体筛选中的作用。方法　利用凝聚胺技术与常规技术分别检测临床病人配血不合标本 ,临床反复输血产生抗体病人标本 ,发生输血反应标本和正常献血者标本 ,比较二者的优缺点。结果　凝聚胺技术较常规检测技术灵敏 10～ 2 0 %。结论　凝聚胺技术检出免疫性抗体的能力以及其特有的快速、简便 ,高度灵敏性 ,对临床免疫输血中有重要作用     

丙型肝炎病毒逆转录—套式PCR检测方法和临床应用

在HCVRNA高度保守的5’末端非编码区域内选择合成内、外引物，建立了HCV的逆转录－套式PCR检测方法，并对血清标本中HCVRNA的提取方法进行比较。对23例肝病患者的检测结果显示，HCVRNA的阳性率为56．5％。与抗HCV抗体检测结果比较，抗HCV阳性患者中有81．5％HCVRNA阳性，而抗HCV阴性患者中仍有33．3％的HCVRNA阳性，表明PCR在HCV感染的早期诊断、传染性的确立及药物疗效考核等方面有重要作用。     

无偿献血者梅毒抗体筛检方法与试剂的价值评价

目的：评价无偿献血者梅毒抗体筛检方法与试剂的筛检价值。方法：以卫生部临床检验中心梅毒抗体临床科研血清盘标本40份及随机抽取西安市无偿献血者梅毒抗体阴性血清100份为评价标本。用梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)法，厦门新创梅毒抗体ELISA1诊断试剂盒(ELISA1)及北京金豪梅毒抗体ELISA诊断试剂盒(ELISA2)对评价标本作盲法筛检，以卫生部临床检验中心梅毒抗体已知阳性和阴性作为金标准。用四格表法评价真实性与可靠性指标，并对二种ELISA试剂盒的Cut-off值的合理性进行评价。结果：TRUST法、ELISA1及ELISA2试剂盒的灵敏度分别为68．2％，95．5％，100．0％，特异度分别为77．8％，94．4％，94．4％，约登指数分别为0．46，0．900．94，重复试验符合率分别为90．0％，100．0％，100．0％，二种ELISA试剂盒的Cut-off值较合理。结论：ELISA试剂盒的灵敏度、特异度及重复试验符合率要远高于TRUST法。尽管TRUST法的灵敏度与特异度较低，在无偿献血者的粗筛快检中可降低血液报废率，因而在无偿献血中的仍有很高价值，如果将ELISA试剂盒的灵敏度与特异度加以提高，将会具有更大的临床应用价值。     

An abnormal accumulation of fluorine-18-FDG PET in cytomegalovirus enteritis—A case report

The source of a fever of unknown origin (FUO) and watery diarrhea in a 63-yr-old female with a history of disturbance of consciousness due to moyamoya disease was examined. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), colonoscopy, blood analysis, and determination of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia were performed. FDG was found to be accumulated in the wall of a dilated colon, and extended from the transverse to sigmoid colon. Colonoscopy revealed edematous, inflammatory, and punched out lesions in accordance with the areas of abnormal FDG uptake. A biopsy specimen showed the antibody of CMV in the colonic mucosa, and CMV antigenemia was detected by an immunohistochemical assay using a monoclonal antibody for CMV pp65 antigen. From these findings, we strongly suspected CMV enteritis.     

Angiographic measurement of coronary blood flow by video dilution technique

A simplified video dilution technique has been developed whereby neither coronary dimensions nor contrast velocity need be measured to obtain coronary blood flow relative to a control flow. In 6 dogs, the distal left anterior descending coronary artery flow was measured by simultaneous electromagnetic flowmeter and video dilution technique. For the 236 paired measurements, the electromagnetic flow ranged from 23 to 196 ml/min for each series. When the first measure of a series was considered the control, the flow ratio difference between electromagnetic and video dilution values had a standard deviation of 12 per cent. When each series was broken into pairs, flow ratio difference between these values had a standard deviation of 10 per cent. Thus, the video dilution technique allows accurate measurement of coronary blood flow relative to a control state, utilizing only the known amount of contrast medium injected and the image from videotape replay of the injection. A patient is presented to illustrate the technique during coronary angiography. Applications include determination of coronary reserve during reactive hyperemia to assess the hemodynamic significance of coronary lesions, and determination of the effects of drugs upon coronary blood flow.     

豫南罗索线虫防制纹腿库蚊现场试验研究

1989—1990年在昆明市郊32条水沟及5个水坑内释放豫南罗索线虫寄生前期幼虫2000—4000条/m~2。结果在水质较清洁的水体中纹腿库蚊幼虫的感染率为53.7—92.8％,但在水质混浊或表面形成膜状物的水体中效果较差,蚊幼虫感染率仅为30％左右。     

Sport accidents in childhood.

Injuries among children during sporting activities are common. This study is a one year study including children between five and fourteen years of age who sustained their injuries during sporting activities and were treated at Trondheim Regional and University Hospital. Sport accidents account for 27 per cent of all childhood accidents in this age group. Fifty-three per cent of the injured were boys, and 47 per cent were girls. The boys sustained more severe injuries than the girls. Soccer caused the greatest number of injuries. Horse riding and alpine skiing were the cause of the most severe injuries. A more widespread use of protective guards, better technique and body control, better coaching and not allowing the younger children to take part in technically advanced sporting activities might reduce the number and the severity of the sport injuries in children.     

The use of intra-arterial lidocaine to control pain due to aortofemoral arteriography.

Intra-arterial lidocaine has been utilized to decrease pain by administration prior to contrast material injections during aortofemoral arteriography in over 600 patients. Because this observation was uncontrolled, a double-blind study was performed in 15 patients comparing the effectiveness of intra-arterial lidocaine and saline in the control of pain from contrast material injections (methylglucamine iothalamate) in pelvic and peripheral arteriography. Two per cent lidocaine was compared with 1% lidocaine in the same manner in an additional 10 patients. Peripheral vein blood samples were obtained in 4 patients to measure the plasma concentration of lidocaine. Intra-arterial lidocaine is safe and effective in reducing pain from intra-arterial contrast agent injections.     

肾移植后巨细胞病毒感染的诊断与治疗

研究肾移植术后巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的诊断及预防性使用磷甲酸钠(PFA)治疗的疗效与毒副作用。采用ELISA CMV特异性抗体IgG、IgM方法，针对肾移植术后74例CMV活动期感染(34例有明显临床症状)和25例静止期患者使用PFA，另选l0例静止期病例不予处理作为对照。结果显示，无症状的活动期病例PFA平均使用12．5天后血清学结果转阴；有临床症状的34例中，应用15天后32例显效，另2例治疗1个月后血清学结果转阴，随访1年无复发；静止期治疗组用药后观察1年，发现2例血清IgM转阳，但无临床症状；对照组l0例中有3例分别于随访l、2、3个月时发生CMV活动性感染。研究表明，PFA可快速治疗CMV感染，疗效确切而显著，随访期内复发少见；静止期患者使用PFA与否，随访期内血清学的检查结果差异显著；PFA对移植肾功能无明显损害，不干扰血钙及环孢素A的代谢，是一安全而有效的治疗CMV感染的药物。     

Endurance fitness and blood lactate concentration during stepping exercise in untrained subjects.

The purpose of the present study was to explore the possibility that reference blood lactate concentrations, determined during stepping exercise, could be used to derive an index of endurance fitness. The traditional measure of endurance fitness, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the individual relationships between blood lactate concentration and submaximal VO2 were determined during stepping for 10 untrained males. VO2 max values were 48.7 +/- 5.1 ml.kg-1.min-1 (mean +/- sd). The time to exhaustion during stepping at 80 per cent VO2 max (38.82 +/- 17.83 min) provided an additional measure of endurance fitness. The per cent VO2 max at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mM was correlated significantly with endurance time (rho = 0.75, P less than 0.05). These results show that a submaximal step test can be used to determine oxygen uptake and per cent VO2 max at a reference blood lactate concentration. However, for this group of subjects, per cent VO2 max at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mM showed only a modest correlation with endurance.     

不同口径的自体静脉移植修复小动脉缺损的实验研究

实验以38只家兔的股动脉作为受区血管,造成缺损后植入不同口径的自体静脉,术后2周内进行血流量、通畅率、血栓形成率和扫描电镜检查。结果表明,静脉口径比受区动脉口径小约20％时移植效果较好。     

The impact of the intifada on the health of a nation

This article describes the nature and extent of non-fatal injuries sustained by Palestinians during the first three months of the second intifada in late 2000 by looking at two sets of data. 10,279 cases were obtained from the records of the Red Crescent Organization, which provides first level emergency care via ambulance crews in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. For 6,071 cases in the West Bank, additional information was available from the Ministry of Health, which keeps records of first and second emergency level care provided at hospitals and health points. The Ministry of Health cases were classified by type of weapon, site of injury and level of treatment provided. Fifty-eight per cent of injuries occurred in young men 18-34 years, but 25 per cent occurred in school children, ten per cent in people over 50 years and five per cent in females. Fifty-nine per cent of the injuries were caused by bullets and 76 per cent of these affected the upper part of the body; 13.4 per cent of the injuries were severe, with major implication for disability and the need for long-term care and support.     

Effect of ionic and non-ionic contrast media on aggregation of red blood cells in vitro. A preliminary report

Fresh human blood without additives, and contrast medium were mixed and examined immediately by light microscopy in a non-flowing state. Sodium meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine iodamide, sodium meglumine ioxaglate, iopromide, iopamidol, iohexol, and metrizamide were tested in concentrations of 300 mg I/ml. Physiologic saline and 5% glucose were used as controls. All media were tested in a randomized order with blood samples from 23 volunteers. No aggregation was detected in physiologic saline, and few rouleaux were found in ionic contrast media. Irregular red cell aggregates were found in all low-osmolal contrast media: in 17 per cent of the specimens in ioxaglate, in 52 per cent in metrizamide, and in 78 to 100 per cent in other non-ionic media. Irregular aggregates were seen in all specimens with glucose. It remains to be demonstrated whether or not the irregular aggregation of human red cells in non-ionic contrast media has clinical significance. Iohexol was also tested with blood samples from several laboratory animals, but in nearly every case no aggregates were found. Results of animal experiments or tests with animal blood seem to be poorly applicable to man.