抗癌中草药临床应用中的几个问题

中医药的毒副作用较少、扶益正气、改善患者生存质量等方面的优点 ,越来越受到人们的重视。下面笔者就临床中的几个问题谈一点看法。1.应用抗癌中药一定要辨证论治辨证论治是中医的灵魂 ,治疗癌症同样也必须遵守这个原则。癌症在中医辨证中 ,多见虚实错杂、寒热交并、痰瘀互结。因此在临床中一定要四诊合参 ,精详辨证 ,虚者补之 ,实者泻之 ,寒者热之 ,痰湿有可化、可燥、可利 ,瘀血有宜散、宜行、宜下者。切莫一见癌症 ,便将几味甚至十几味抗癌中药罗列堆砌。抗癌中药中具有细胞毒作用的药物大多性质寒凉 ,如果多味同时应用 ,适合于邪热瘀结…     

有机锗抗癌作用研究进展

有机锗是一类具有抗癌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗疟疾等广泛药理作用的化合物,尤其在抗癌方面,由于其抗癌谱广,毒性极低,故有良好的应用前景。本文从有机锗抗癌实验和临床研究,有机锗抗癌机理研究以及有机锗毒副作用研究三个方面,综述了有机锗抗癌作用的研究动态。     

硒防癌抗癌机制的研究进展

研究表明，硒是一种具有防癌、抗癌作用的微量元素，适量补硒能使癌症的发病率和病死率下降。硒的防癌、抗癌机制是多方面的,主要包括抗氧化损伤、调控基因表达促进癌细胞凋亡、调节细胞周期促进癌细胞凋亡、稳定DNA的结构抵御组织癌变、提高机体免疫功能抵御组织癌变、硒介入某些化学致癌剂的代谢等。但也应指出，硒的生物学效应具有双重性，一方面缺硒会引起异常反应，另一方面高浓度的硒又可引起中毒反应。硒防癌、抗癌机制的阐明将可能为未来肿瘤治疗开辟一条新的途径。     

癌症的靶向基因-病毒治疗新进展及抗癌策略

我们创导的“靶向基因-病毒治疗”又有新进展,即癌症的靶向双基因-病毒治疗,能将小鼠移植性肿瘤全部杀灭,研究结果发表于Hepatology及CancerResearch(Highlightpaper)等杂志。在得到好的抗癌作用后,我们着重研究其安全性,故本文又介绍一种独特的癌症双靶向病毒-双基因治疗,其特点是利用癌症特异性启动子调控其特异性抑制基因,如用甲胎蛋白(!-fetoprotein,AFP)调控肝癌特异性抑癌基因LFIRE或HCCS1等,并在此基础上再加一个癌症特异性启动子如hTERT控制腺病毒E1A,构成癌症的双靶向病毒-基因治疗药物,即hTERT-E1A-AFP-E1B-HCCS1(或LFIRE),然后再与一个杀伤功能很强的hTERT-E1A-AFP-E1B-IL-24联合作用,构成癌症的双靶向病毒-双基因治疗。双基因有很好的杀伤性,双靶向有很好的安全性,因此,成为目前开发前景良好的抗癌药物。此外,本文还介绍了一种新型干扰素,它也有可能成为理想的抗癌药物。     

各具特色协同抗癌--握得素的三大神奇抗癌活性物质

九十年代中期,纯天然植物抗癌产品握得素在加拿大研制成功,由于其具有多途径抑杀癌细胞且科技含量高等众多优势,该产品一经上市便引起癌症患者的强烈反响。握得素(WDS)所含的三种抗癌成分不仅单独起效,更能协同抗癌,因而被众多肿瘤专家推荐为癌症康复治疗的首选产品。     

樟芝抗癌作用的研究进展

台湾特有的真菌樟芝拥有多种生理活性,本文就樟芝的抗癌活性和机制进行了总结。樟芝对多种癌细胞如人肝癌细胞,人乳腺癌细胞,人肺腺癌细胞,人白血病细胞等都有显著的抗癌活性,而对正常细胞无显著的细胞毒性,其中起作用的化学成分主要是三萜类化合物。尽管樟芝对各种癌细胞作用的分子机制可能有所不同,但总的来讲,其抗癌机制主要包括阻滞细胞周期进程,诱导细胞凋亡和抑制浸润和转移。樟芝的抗癌特性使其有成为癌症化学预防和治疗药物的潜能,而如何利用多模型开展樟芝的癌症化学预防与治疗研究是之后樟芝抗癌研究的重要方面。     

“扶正抗癌冲剂”的临床及实验研究(摘要)

“扶正抗癌冲剂”是根据中医中药对癌症治疗原则和理论基础,从整体出发,把抗癌和扶正辨证地结合起来,并把扶正固本作为治疗肿瘤的关键。本方就是在这个理论基础止经过适当的加工炮制,用科学的方法研制而成的。本方中既含有抗癌作用的成份,又含有提高免疫功能的成份,因此较常规化疗具有独特的优点,在癌症的     

抗癌佳品——硒

在这个信息＂爆炸＂的社会里,相信大家对抗癌食品已经有了一定的了解,对于抗癌＂神器＂——硒应该也是比较熟悉了。很多文章中提到的关于抗癌的食物也大都是因为这类食物中含有硒。可是硒到底为什么可以抗癌呢？今天就为大家拨开云雾,来一场硒的＂抗癌之旅＂。硒抗癌的原理抗氧化作用研究发现,许多癌症的发生都与活性氧自由基有关。由于硒是若干抗氧化酶（如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、硫氧还蛋白还原酶）的重要组成部分,它通过消除脂质过氧化物,阻断活性氧和自由基的致病作用,起到预防癌症或某些慢性疾病发生的作用。在体内,由硒合成的抗氧化酶与维生素E抗氧化的机制不同,两者可以互相补充,具有协同作用。     

TRAIL抗癌作用的研究进展

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）是肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）超家族中的一员，能与死亡受体特异性结合后选择性诱导癌细胞发生凋亡。TRAIL作为靶向癌细胞的选择性杀伤配体，可在癌细胞中高度表达，在癌症的发生、发展和治疗方面扮演着重要的角色，被认为是一种非常具有开发潜力的抗肿瘤细胞因子。本文将对TRAIL的抗癌作用进行综述。     

癌症患者自己的健身法——抗癌健身法

抗癌健身法是一种气功健身法,由郭林老师创编。抗癌健身法自1971年问世以来,得到广大群众、特别是癌症患者的喜爱,使千千万万个癌症患者摆脱疾病的困扰走向康复。于大元、高文彬、孙云彩、何开芳等一大批郭林老师的学生罹患癌症后,继承郭林老师的遗志,在20多年的时间里,培养了众多学生,救治了成千上万名病人。于大元等老师在郭林老师创编的抗癌健身法基础上,推出身体治疗、心理治疗和行为治疗相结合的模式,系统概     

白藜芦醇抗癌的生物学机制研究进展

白藜芦醇是一种天然存在的植物多酚类抗毒素，具有广泛的生物学活性，如抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节以及神经保护等。白藜芦醇抗肿瘤活性备受关注，且得到广泛研究，但作用机制尚不明确。白藜芦醇作为低聚物，分子结构特性使其作为癌症预防剂和治疗剂有广阔前景。本文主要从白藜芦醇通过抑制细胞色素酶、作为化疗制剂、抑制COX-2、调控细胞周期、诱导癌细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞血管生成、调控细胞因子NF-κB、诱导细胞自噬、抑制癌细胞转移方面进行综述。     

Medicinal Plants Combating Against Cancer - a Green Anticancer Approach

Cancer is the most deadly disease that causes the serious health problems, physical disabilities, mortalities,and morbidities around the world. It is the second leading cause of death all over the world. Although greatadvancement have been made in the treatment of cancer progression, still significant deficiencies and room forimprovement remain. Chemotherapy produced a number of undesired and toxic side effects. Natural therapies,such as the use of plant-derived products in the treatment of cancer, may reduce adverse and toxic side effects.However, many plants exist that have shown very promising anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo but theiractive anticancer principle have yet to be evaluated. Combined efforts of botanist, pharmacologist and chemistsare required to find new lead anticancer constituent to fight disease. This review will help researchers in thefinding of new bioactive molecules as it will focus on various plants evaluated for anticancer properties in vitroand in vivo.     

Problems in the development of analogs of anticancer drugs

Undoubtedly the progress of cancer chemotherapy is supported by the development of new anticancer drugs. In Japan, there is a tendency to develop anticancer drugs by both chemical modification of the known anticancer drugs (analogues) and finding new structures. However, we have to be cautious to develop analogues of the known anticancer drugs. Before we consider to put these drugs into the clinical trials, several points must be clarified: that is, the new compounds would have any merit or superior points compared to the mother compounds. Especially, we should observe whether or not the new compounds possess any reduction of major toxicities of the mother compounds, how about the situation of cross resistance, anticancer efficacies and particularly the results of toxicology studies. We have limited cancer patients for testing new drugs, and also from ethical view, some easy consideration for developing analogues having minor differences from the mother compounds, must be abandoned.     

Determinants and associated factors influencing medication adherence and persistence to oral anticancer drugs: A systematic review

Background and aims

The use of oral anticancer drugs has increased in modern oncology treatment. The move from intravenous treatments towards oral anticancer drugs has increased the patients’ own responsibility to take oral anticancer drugs as being prescribed. High rates of non-adherence to oral anticancer drugs have been reported. A systematic literature review was conducted to gain insight into determinants and associated factors of non-adherence and non-persistence in patients taking oral anticancer therapy.

Review methods

PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Cinahl were systematically searched for studies focusing on determinants and associated factors of medication non-adherence and non-persistence to oral anticancer drugs. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers. No studies were excluded based on the quality assessment.

Results

Twenty-five studies were included and systematically reviewed. The quality of the studies was moderate. Associated factors influencing medication non-adherence and non-persistence to oral anticancer drugs are multifactorial and interrelated. Older and younger age, and the influence of therapy related side effects were found to be predominant factors.

Conclusion

Non-adherence and non-persistence to oral anticancer drug therapy are complex phenomena. More qualitative research is needed to facilitate the development of patient tailored complex interventions by exploring patients’ needs and underlying processes influencing medication non-adherence and non-persistence to oral anticancer drugs.     

驱动基因阴性的晚期非小细胞肺癌维持治疗进展

肺癌是全球常见的致死率最高的恶性肿瘤。越来越多的研究表明,对于晚期非小细胞肺癌一线治疗后没有进展的患者,维持治疗使患者无进展生存期和总生存期明显获益。传统上对于没有检测到驱动基因的非小细胞肺癌患者,仅能接受化疗,其有效性低,且副作用大,寻找更加有效的治疗方案迫在眉睫。随着新药的层出不穷,本文对如何优化驱动基因阴性的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的维持治疗,从而提高患者生存期作一综述。     

维生素E琥珀酸酯的抗肿瘤机制

维生素E琥珀酸酯（vitamin E succinate,RRR-α-tocopheryl succinate．VES）是维生素E的一种酯化衍生物。对维生素E家族在肿瘤预防和治疗中作用的研究始于20世纪60年代。实验证据显示,VES是维生素E家族中抗肿瘤效果最好的化合物之一,能有效抑制多种肿瘤,但对正常的细胞和组织没有明显的不良反应。近年来大量的研究对VES抗肿瘤的作用机制也作了进一步的探讨。本文从4个方面阐述VES抗肿瘤机理的研究进展：①VES的分子结构、化学性质和运送载体;②VES抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的机制;③VES诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制;④VES抑制肿瘤转移的机制。全面了解VES抗肿瘤的机理,将有助于发现新的抗癌药物靶点,促进研发安全有效的肿瘤预防和治疗性药物。     

Therapeutic value of steroidal alkaloids in cancer: Current trends and future perspectives

Discovery and development of new potentially selective anticancer agents are necessary to prevent a global cancer health crisis. Currently, alternative medicinal agents derived from plants have been extensively investigated to develop anticancer drugs with fewer adverse effects. Among them, steroidal alkaloids are conventional secondary metabolites that comprise an important class of natural products found in plants, marine organisms and invertebrates, and constitute a judicious choice as potential anti-cancer leads. Traditional medicine and modern science have shown that representatives from this compound group possess potential antimicrobial, analgesic, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, systematic and recapitulated information about the bioactivity of these compounds, with special emphasis on the molecular or cellular mechanisms, is of high interest. In this review, we methodically discuss the in vitro and in vivo potential of the anticancer activity of natural steroidal alkaloids and their synthetic and semi-synthetic derivatives. This review focuses on cumulative and comprehensive molecular mechanisms, which will help researchers understand the molecular pathways involving steroid alkaloids to generate a selective and safe new lead compound with improved therapeutic applications for cancer prevention and therapy. In vitro and in vivo studies provide evidence about the promising therapeutic potential of steroidal alkaloids in various cancer cell lines, but advanced pharmacokinetic and clinical experiments are required to develop more selective and safe drugs for cancer treatment.     

中西医结合分子配伍治疗肿瘤协同增效及逆转耐药的研究进展

增效减毒是中西医结合治疗肿瘤的特色和优势,如何有效增强抗肿瘤药物的敏感性或逆转其耐药性已成为当今肿瘤治疗亟待解决的问题。传统中医药主要通过发挥多组分、多靶点、多阶段的优势而具有增强抗肿瘤药物敏感性或逆转肿瘤耐药的功效,但其成分复杂,具体机制尚未明确。现代医学克服肿瘤耐药的主要策略为更换新一代药物,但这些药物靶点相对单一、不良反应较多,且容易诱发多药耐药,因而限制了其在肿瘤治疗中的广泛应用。本课题组在传统中医药配伍理论“君臣佐使”“七情和合”的基础上,研究了具有化疗增敏和逆转耐药作用的中药,挖掘出其发挥药效的有效成分,阐明了其发挥作用的分子机理,进一步将成分、结构、药效、机理清楚的多个活性分子与抗肿瘤药物优化配伍,组成新的“分子配伍”复方,形成药效叠加、不良反应减小的“分子配伍”药物,为增强抗肿瘤药物的疗效提供了一种中西医结合“分子配伍”的治疗策略。本文将系统性阐述中西医结合“分子配伍”的科学内涵,分析其在治疗肿瘤协同增效和抑制耐药方面的研究现状,以期为肿瘤治疗提供一种新的方法和策略。      

天然草药—癌症治疗中的潜在自噬诱导剂

自噬是一种维持细胞内稳态的重要代谢过程。近年来研究发现,自噬与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,参与调控肿瘤的形成、增殖、转移以及能量代谢等过程。并且自噬在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥着不同的作用,它能抑制早期肿瘤的生成,促进晚期肿瘤的发展。目前,自噬已成为肿瘤药物靶向研究中的一个新热点。许多草药,包括中草药,已作为现行药物的补充和替代药物、保健品和营养品,以减轻癌症治疗中化疗药物的毒副反应。此外,许多草药及天然产物均可通过诱导自噬,进而导致细胞衰老、凋亡非依赖性细胞死亡途径或补体介导的细胞凋亡途径的激活,最终发挥着抗肿瘤作用。据此,本文将回顾分析天然自噬诱导剂在癌症治疗中的潜在作用机制。同时,我们着重探讨白藜芦醇、姜黄素和16-羟基克罗烷-3,13-二烯-15,16-内酯这三种天然化合物作为候选自噬诱导剂在癌症治疗中的研究进展,旨在为研发靶向自噬的新型抗肿瘤药物提供方向。     

Medication adherence to oral anticancer drugs: systematic review

Many studies have demonstrated that non-adherence to oral anticancer drugs (OACDs) has challenged treatment efficacy. Otherwise, few validated tools exist to measure patients’ adherence to medication regimen in clinical practice. To synthesize previous studies on adherence by cancer patients taking OACDs, especially in targeted therapy, a systematic search of several electronic databases was conducted. We analyzed existing scales’ contents for various cancer patients and outcomes of studies assessing adherence. However, a well-validated scale designed particularly for OACD adherence is still lacking. Most adherence scales used in the studies reviewed contain items focused on measuring patients’ medication-taking behavior more than their barriers to medication compliance and beliefs. However, non-adherence to OACDs is a complex phenomenon, and drug-taking barriers and patient beliefs significantly affect patients’ non-adherence. To understand the key drivers and predisposing factors for non-adherence, we need to develop a well-validated, multidimensional scale.