肠道菌群失调对小鼠脾脏的影响

目的:观察小鼠肠道菌群失调对脾重、脾细胞数和脾抗体形成细胞数的影响,为研究肠道菌群失调对机体免疫功能的影响提供组织学依据.方法:采用口服卡那霉素造成小鼠肠道菌群失调的动物模型.测定小鼠肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量;测定小鼠脾脏重量和脾细胞数;通过溶血空斑试验测定小鼠脾抗体形成细胞数(PFC).结果:实验组小鼠肠道内双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);脾重量、脾细胞数和脾抗体形成细胞数均较对照组明显减少(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论:肠道菌群失调对小鼠脾脏的量与质均有明显的影响.     

鼠李糖乳杆菌片对小鼠肠道菌群失调性腹泻的治疗作用

目的：考察微生态制剂鼠李糖乳杆菌片对肠道菌群失调性腹泻的治疗作用。方法：将小鼠分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组和高、中、低3个剂量的鼠李糖乳杆菌片实验组。除正常组外,其余各组采用抗生素（氨苄青霉素）联合致病菌（鼠伤寒沙门菌）诱发肠道菌群失调性腹泻。实验组分别灌胃不同剂量（1．0×10^8、1．0×10^7和1．0×10^6CFU·kg^-1）的鼠李糖乳杆菌片,阳性对照组灌胃使用丽珠肠乐胶囊0．3g,连续给药7天,通过对小鼠腹泻程度的观察和肠道菌群分析,考察该活菌制剂的干预作用。结果：用药7天后,鼠李糖乳杆菌片高、中剂量组小鼠的腹泻程度显著改善,量效关系明显。与模型组相比,该制剂高、中剂量组小鼠盲肠内容物中肠杆菌、肠球菌数量显著降低,且下降的乳杆菌、双歧杆菌的数量也恢复正常。结论：鼠李糖乳杆菌片可有效改善抗生素及致病菌诱发的小鼠肠道菌群失调及腹泻症状。     

肠道菌定植饮对调节小鼠和斑马鱼肠道菌群功能的影响

目的：探讨肠道菌定植饮（DZY）对小鼠和斑马鱼的肠道菌群的调节作用。方法：设置DZY 3个剂量组0.41、0.82、2.46 g·kg-1·BW,连续灌胃30 d,测定灌胃前后小鼠粪便中肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌菌落数;使用CM-DiI红色荧光标记青春双歧杆菌,DiO绿色荧光标记短乳杆菌;同时饲喂受精后5天（5 dpf）野生型AB品系斑马鱼,建立斑马鱼肠道菌群模型。将模型斑马鱼培养至6 dpf,移除短乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌,分别给予DZY（1000、2000、4000 μg·mL-1）、阳性对照常欣卫口服液（8.30 μg·mL-1）,并设置模型对照组。24 h后,每个实验组随机取10尾斑马鱼置于荧光显微镜下拍照,分析肠道短乳杆菌、青春双歧杆菌的荧光强度。结果：DZY对小鼠肠道中的肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌数量无明显影响;但显著增加了双歧杆菌的数量,抑制了产气荚膜梭菌的生长。给予1000、2000、4000 μg·mL-1 DZY都能显著增加斑马鱼肠道中短乳杆菌、青春双歧杆菌的数量。结论：DZY能够在抑制条件致病菌的同时,增加有益菌的数量,具有调节肠道菌群的作用。     

金双歧对肠易激幼鼠肠道菌群影响的研究

目的通过金双歧治疗肠易激幼鼠模型观察金双歧对幼鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法建立幼鼠肠易激模型,共20只,随机选同期正常生长幼鼠10只为正常组A,另取肠易激模型幼鼠10只为模型组B,取10只用金双歧治疗为实验组C。然后对三组幼鼠分别作粪便含水量检测及肠道菌群检测。结果小鼠建立肠易激模型后肠杆菌、肠球菌数量明显增多（P〈0.05）,双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量大量减少（P〈0.05）：用金双歧治疗10d后,肠杆菌、肠球菌数量减少（P〈0.05）,双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌大量增多（P〈0.05）,3组鼠粪便干湿重及粪便含水量比较,B组与A、C组间有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论金双歧治疗肠易激综合症对幼鼠粪便性状症状及肠道菌群有明显改善,为应用益生菌治疗肠易激综合症提供理论依据。     

急慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的改变

目的 探讨急慢性腹泻者肠道菌群的变化及其差异.方法 对20例慢性腹泻、31例急性腹泻及20例对照组的粪便进行肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的培养及检测分析.结果 与对照组比较,急性腹泻患者肠杆菌增加,肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌及类杆菌减少(P＜0.01),慢性腹泻患者肠杆菌增加,乳酸杆菌减少(P＜0.05).急性腹泻与慢性腹泻比较,类杆菌和乳酸杆菌减少更明显(P＜0.05).结论 急慢性腹泻患者均存在肠道菌群失调,其中急性腹泻更严重.     

婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎肠道微生态学改变

目的：研究婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎肠道微生态的改变。方法：选择腹泻组（39例轮病毒肠炎患儿）和对照组（30例健康婴幼儿）,对他们的肠道菌群进行定量测定,其中20例轮状病毒肠炎患儿,对他们肠道菌群进行动态定量分析。结果：轮状病毒肠炎患儿肠道菌群中双歧杆菌,拟杆菌,乳杆菌和肠球菌数量较对照组显著下降,肠杆菌在菌群中所占比例相对升高,在发病早期即出现肠菌群紊乱,随着腹泻症状消退,肠菌群失调症状逐渐纠正,而且厌氧菌上升速度较快,结论：轮状病毒肠炎患儿伴有明显的肠菌群失调,且菌失调的程度与临床病情及脱水程度有关。     

蜂王浆类制剂SK初乳素R-1对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：研究蜂王浆类制剂SK初乳素R-1对正常小鼠非特异性免疫功能、体液免疫功能、功细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：以SK初乳素R-1连续灌胃给药15d，测定小鼠增强小鼠炭末廓清能力、小鼠血清溶血素抗体水平、血清IL-2含量、抗体生成细胞数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力等。结果：SK初乳素R-1各剂量组能增强小鼠炭末廓清率和廓清指数，各剂量组均能明显升高小鼠血清溶血素抗体水平（P〈0．01），提高小鼠血清IL-2含量（P〈0．01），促进小鼠抗体细胞形成（P〈0．01），增强ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖能力（P〈0．01）。结论：蜂王浆类制剂SK初乳素R-1具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

急性重症胰腺炎肠道膜菌群变化研究

目的：研究急性重症胰腺炎对肠道膜菌群及分泌型IgA浆细胞水平的变化规律,方法：选择Wistar大鼠制备急性出血坏死性胰腺炎（ANP）模型,用细菌培养法定量检测肠道膜菌群中四种优势菌,结果：ANP模型组肠道膜菌群中肠杆菌计数明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）,双歧杆菌,乳酸杆菌明显减少（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）,结论：ANP模型大鼠肠道菌群发生明显变化,G－肠杆菌数量出现明显增加趋势,为进一步探讨肠菌群与肠粘膜免疫间的关系提供实验基础。     

酪酸梭菌、双歧杆菌胶囊对健康受试者肠道菌群的影响

目的观察健康受试者用酪酸梭菌、双歧杆菌胶囊后肠道菌群的变化。方法健康受试者30例，随机均分为3个剂量组，每组10例，剂量分别为每天0．84，1．68和3．36g，分2次口服，共10天。用药前后，分别进行大便常规检查和细菌定量培养。结果用药前后，其大便色泽、性状无明显变化，而大便pH值较用药前均显著降低（P〈0．001）；用药后，3组肠道菌群中有益菌有增加趋势，均检出酪酸梭菌，并与剂量呈正相关；双歧杆菌较用药前有增加趋势，特别是大剂量组增加明显（P〈0．05）；其他菌群数量无显著变化。不同性别健康受试者，小剂量组肠球菌、大剂量组双歧杆菌用药后男女有明显差异外（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），其他各组肠道菌群数量变化无性别差异（P〉0．05）。结论酪酸梭菌、双歧杆菌胶囊中的酪酸梭菌、双歧杆菌可在肠道定植、发育和增殖，并能抑制致病菌繁殖生长。     

高脂血症大鼠肠道菌群变化的实验研究

目的:研究高脂血症时动物肠道菌群的变化情况,即从微生态学角度探讨肠道菌群在高脂血症发生发展中的作用。方法:用Wistar大鼠24只,分别用高脂饲料、正常饲料连续喂饲20d,用比色法测定动物血中甘油三酯、总胆固醇的含量,用需氧培养法测定动物肠道中肠杆菌、肠球菌的数量,用厌氧培养法测定动物肠道中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量。结果:模型组动物血中甘油三酯、总胆固醇的含量明显增高;肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、肠球菌的数量明显减少;肠杆菌的数量明显增多,与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义。结论:高脂血症大鼠肠道菌群失调。     

锦灯笼提取物对抗菌药物致小鼠肠道菌群失调的预防作用

目的:研究锦灯笼提取物对抗菌药物致小鼠肠道菌群失调的预防作用。方法:48只BALB/c小鼠随机均分为正常对照(等容生理盐水)组、模型(等容生理盐水)组、丽珠肠乐(2 mg/kg)组与锦灯笼提取物高、中、低剂量(80、40、20 mg/kg)组,灌胃给药,每天1次,连续7 d。末次给药后第2天灌胃盐酸左氧氟沙星(1.3 mg/kg),每天1次,连续7 d以致小鼠肠道菌群失调。收集小鼠粪便,提取基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)法获得肠道菌群指纹图谱,进行相似性及优势条带的序列分析。结果:灌胃抗菌药物前,小鼠肠道优势菌型为内普雷沃氏菌和乳酸杆菌,高、中、低剂量锦灯笼提取物可增加其乳酸杆菌数量;灌胃抗菌药物后,高、中、低剂量锦灯笼提取物可促进模型小鼠肠道内拟杆菌的生长,使其成为优势菌型。结论:锦灯笼提取物能增加肠道乳酸杆菌的数量,对抗菌药物致小鼠肠道菌群失调有预防作用。     

Probiotic impact on microbial flora, inflammation and tumour development in IL-10 knockout mice

BACKGROUND: The enteric bacterial flora has been implicated in the pathogenesis of enterocolitis and colon cancer in C57BL/6 IL-10 knockout mice. Probiotic Lactobacilli modify the enteric flora and are thought to have a beneficial effect on enterocolitis. We conducted a controlled feeding trial in IL-10 knockout mice using the probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius UCC118. AIM: To determine the effect of probiotic consumption on the gastrointestinal microflora, tumour development and colitis in IL-10 knockout mice. METHODS: Twenty IL-10 knockout mice were studied (10 consumed probiotic organisms in milk and 10 consumed unmodified milk) for 16 weeks. Faecal microbial analysis was performed weekly to enumerate excretion of the probiotic UCC118, total lactobacilli, Clostridium perfringens, bacteroides, coliforms, bifidobacteria and enterococci. At sacrifice, the small and large bowel were microbiologically and histologically assessed. RESULTS: L. salivarius UCC118 was detected in faeces from all mice in the probiotic fed group, but not the control group. Faecal coliform and enterococci levels were significantly reduced in probiotic fed animals compared to the controls (P < 0.05). At sacrifice, a significant reduction in C. perfringens numbers was observed in the test mice (P < 0.05). There were no fatalities in the test group compared to two deaths from fulminant colitis in the control group. Only one test mouse developed colonic adenocarcinoma compared to five in the control group. Test animal mucosal inflammation consistently scored lower than that of the control mice. CONCLUSION: In this placebo controlled trial, modification of enteric flora in IL-10 knockout mice by probiotic lactobacilli was associated with reduced prevalence of colon cancer and mucosal inflammatory activity.     

Characterization and anti-tumor activity of pollen polysaccharide

The polysaccharide LBPP was extracted and isolated from the pollen of Brassica napus L., and the anti-tumor activity was evaluated on Sarcoma 180-bearing mice and B16 melanoma-bearing mice through transplantable animal tumor. Mice were treated with three doses of the polysaccharide LBPP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 10 days. Tumor weight, relative spleen and thymus weight, lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), phagocytic function of monocyte, serum hemolysis antibody and peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice were studied. At the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, a significant decrease (P<0.01) in tumor formation, a significant increase (P<0.05) in relative spleen and thymus weight, natural killer cell activity, phagocytic function of monocyte, lymphocyte proliferation, and serum hemolysis antibody, and a significant improvement of peripheral blood abnormality (P<0.05) and anemia (P<0.01) were observed. Results of these studies demonstrated that the polysaccharide LBPP had anti-tumor activity, which was mediated by immunomodulation and leukogenic and antianemic actions.     

Characterization and antitumor activity of pollen polysaccharide

The polysaccharide LBPP was extracted and isolated from the pollen of brassica napus L., and the antitumor activity was evaluated on Sarcoma 180-bearing mice and B16 melanoma-bearing mice through transplantable animal tumor. Mice were treated with three doses of the polysaccharide LBPP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 10 days. Tumor weight, relative spleen and thymus weight, lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), phagocytic function of monocyte, serum hemolysis antibody and peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice were studied. At the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, a significant decrease (P<0.01) in tumor formation, a significant increase (P<0.05) in relative spleen and thymus weight, natural killer cell activity, phagocytic function of monocyte, lymphocyte proliferation, and serum hemolysis antibody, and a significant improvement of peripheral blood abnormality (P<0.05) and anemia (P<0.01) were observed. Results of these studies demonstrated that the polysaccharide LBPP had anti-tumor activity, which was mediated by immunomodulation and leukogenic and antianemic actions.     

布拉氏酵母菌对大鼠肠道菌群及血清炎性因子的干预研究

目的 观察高脂饮食对大鼠肠道菌群及血清炎性因子的影响,探讨布拉氏酵母菌散剂在调节肠道菌群中的作用.方法 将36只大鼠随机分为A、B、C组,每组12只.A组喂养普通饲料,B组喂养高脂饲料,C组喂养高脂饲料,并予布拉氏酵母菌干预.实验初始、第10周末检测血清脂多糖(LPS)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及粪便中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌、大肠杆菌、肠球菌数量.结果 3组初始时LPS、TNF-α、IL-6差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);10周末时B、C组LPS、TNF-α较初始时明显升高(P<0.05、0.01),A组无改变(P>0.05);B组IL-6较初始时升高(P<0.01),A、C组无改变(P>0.05);10周末时B组LPS、TNF-α、IL-6均高于A、C组(P<0.01),C组TNF-α高于A组(P<0.01).3组初始乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、大肠杆菌比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);10周末时B、C组乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌较初始时升高(P<0.01),A组无改变(P>0.05),B组低于A组及C组(P<0.01),C组低于A组(P<0.05);10周末时B组拟杆菌较初始时降低(P<0.01),A、C组无改变(P>0.05),B组低于A、C组(P<0.01);10周末时B组大肠杆菌较初始时升高(P<0.01),A组无改变(P>0.05),C组降低(P<0.05),B组高于A、C组(P<0.01),A组高于C组(P<0.05).结论 高脂饮食喂养会增加大鼠血清炎性因子释放,改变肠道菌群结构;布拉氏酵母菌可稳定肠道菌群结构,减少炎性因子释放.     

石蒜碱内铵醋酸盐对正常和带瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文研究了抗癌新药石蒜碱内铵醋酸盐(AT-1840,Lyc)对正常和带瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。Lyc 10mg/kg ip 5～6d可明显抑制ICR小鼠对羊红细胞(SRBC)引起的迟发型超敏反应(DTH),显著降低C57/BL小鼠的胸腺重量。对脾脏的淋巴细胞转化和空斑形成细胞(PFC)及血清中溶血素和IgG没有明显作用,但可显著升高SRBC致敏的正常和带瘤小鼠中血清补体C3的含量。Lyc还能扭转带瘤小鼠脾脏PFC的明显下降,而对淋巴细胞转化及血清IgG却呈抑制作用。实验结果表明Lyc对细胞免疫有一定的抑制作用;但可以调节带瘤小鼠部分体液免疫功能的缺陷。     

Immunotoxicity of paraquat after subacute exposure to mice

The immunotoxic effect of paraquat (PQ), a herbicide that has been used widely in agriculture was investigated using Balb/c mice. Paraquat was administered at doses of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/kg for 21 days. Body weight, organ weight, cellularity of spleen, delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) response, plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay, hemagglutination titer (HA), quantitative hemolysis of SRBC (QHS) assay, spleen cell subtypes, cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation assay were studied in various groups of animals. Results showed that high dose of PQ (1 mg/kg) could suppress both cellular and humoral activity of the immune system. PQ at medium dose (0.1 mg/kg) did not show any changes in organ weight, body weight and spleen cellularity but significantly decreased the proliferation response to PHA and the production of IFNγ. PQ at low dose (0.01 mg/kg) did not produce any significant changes in humoral or cellular responses of the immune system. In conclusion, paraquat at high dose has an inhibitory effect on the cell-mediated and humoral immunity. It seems that PQ has no adverse effects on mice immune system at low doses of 0.01 mg/kg, which is two times the PQ allowed daily intake (ADI) limit.     

Effects of an orally applied aqueous-ethanolic extract of a mixture of Thujae occidentalis herba, Baptisiae tinctoriae radix, Echinaceae purpureae radix and Echinaceae pallidae radix on antibody response against sheep red blood cells in mice

The influence of the oral administration of an aqueous-ethanolic extract of a mixture of Thujae occidentalis herba, Baptisiae tinctoriae radix, Echinaceae purpureae radix and Echinaceae pallidae radix, on the immune response in mice was investigated. The data show that the extract significantly enhances the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), induces an increase in the numbers of splenic plaque forming cells (PFC) and an increase in the titer of specific antibodies in the sera of treated animals. The long-term application of the extract over several months also stimulated the PFC-response without affecting spleen weight, total cell yield per spleen or white blood cell count in mice.     

903中药复方煎剂对小鼠体液免疫的增强作用

903中药复方煎剂对小鼠脾细胞的PFC数、血清溶菌酶活性和抗SRBC的溶血性抗体水平均有明显增强,尤其是PEC数比正常对照组的增强更为明显(P<0.01)。此外,本煎剂能对抗环磷酰胺(CY)对小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用。提示903中药复方煎剂对小鼠的体液免疫有增强作用。     

双歧杆菌联合左卡尼汀对菌群失调腹泻模型大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的:研究双歧杆菌联合左卡尼汀对菌群失调腹泻模型大鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法:将30只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、益生菌组(双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊70 mg/mL)、左卡尼汀组(左卡尼汀注射液50 mg/mL)和左卡尼汀+益生菌组(左卡尼汀注射液50 mg/mL+双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊70 mg/mL)。除空白对照组外,其余各组大鼠均连续灌胃50 mg/mL克林霉素磷酸酯(2 mL/只,每天1次,连续4天)以建立菌群失调腹泻模型。实验第5天起进入恢复期,各给药组大鼠开始灌胃相应药物,空白对照组和模型组大鼠灌胃等体积生理盐水;灌胃体积均为1 mL/只,每天1次,连续给药7天。实验期间观察各组大鼠的一般情况;收集造模期结束时正常对照组和模型组大鼠的粪便以及恢复期末次给药后各组大鼠的粪便,分别进行肠道菌群基因组DNA提取与聚合酶链式反应扩增、文库构建和高通量测序,并对处理后的有效数据进行操作分类单元聚类、物种注释以及肠道菌群的Alpha和Beta多样性分析。结果:造模期结束时,与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠开始出现1级和2级粪便,肠道菌群的多样性、丰富度以及肠道中厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值和乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属和阿克曼氏菌属等益生菌的丰度均显著降低(P<0.05),而肠球菌属等致病菌的丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。恢复期结束时,与模型组比较,益生菌组、左卡尼汀组和左卡尼汀+益生菌组大鼠的活动量和粪便的形态、颜色恢复至正常,肠道菌群的多样性和丰富度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但其肠道中乳杆菌属的丰度有一定提高,且左卡尼汀+益生菌组大鼠肠道中阿克曼氏菌属的丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:双歧杆菌联合左卡尼汀虽对提高菌群失调腹泻模型大鼠肠道菌群的多样性和丰富度无显著效果,但能在一定程度上增加其肠道中益生菌的丰度。