基于CORDIC的成像声呐加权系数实时生成方法研究

针对线列阵成像声呐加权系数的预存储式生成方法,需要在现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)中调用Block Memory IP核预存所有加权系数进行波束形成,造成随机存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM)资源占用过多的问题,提出了一种基于CORDIC实时生成加权系数的改进方法。通过预存少量的波束角度值并利用乘法器和CORDIC IP核实时生成加权系数,该方法可降低77%的RAM资源;此外,通过上位机下发声速,可以实现动态加载不同声速下的加权系数进行波束形成,并且能够保持较高的运算效率。经过ISE布局布线,该方法有效地均衡了RAM资源与逻辑资源的占用率,节省FPGA成本,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

成像声呐中聚焦波束形成技术研究及实现

介绍了聚焦波束形成的基本原理,分析了一种基于半圆阵的相位补偿方法。通过Matlab仿真得出聚焦波束形成的波束图,相比远场方法,波束宽度减小,旁瓣得到抑制。设计了一种基于FPGA的数字聚焦波束形成器的实时处理结构,使用8组加权系数即可完成成像声呐近场范围内分辨力的改进。通过乒乓操作和并行结构提高处理速度,实时产生72个波束。实验结果表明,所设计的聚焦波束形成器使某型成像声呐近场分辨力得到了提高。     

基于CORDIC算法的动态FIR数字滤波器FPGA实现与应用

传统动态FIR数字滤波需要将大量滤波器系数存入FPGA中,该文提出一种基于CORDIC算法的动态FIR数字滤波器实现方法,通过CORDIC算法对随信号参数动态变化的滤波器系数进行实时计算,节省大量FPGA内存资源。实验表明:基于CORDIC算法的动态FIR数字滤波器系数计算绝对误差小于±4×10-3,动态滤波器阻带衰减达-50 d B以上,具有准确度高、实时性好、占用内存少的特点。将该动态FIR数字滤波器应用于超声相控阵回波信号动态滤波,取得较好滤波效果。     

基于阵列分解的星载相控阵天线波束成形网络设计

根据"子阵列"理论,对星载阵列相控阵多波束天线的阵元空间和波束空间进行子阵分割,分析天线阵元空间成形系数的复用情况,并结合分布式算法,在阵列分解基础上提出了一种波束成形网络的复用结构,节省了67%以上的资源。最后实现了波束成形网络的试验验证平台,并完成了算法的移植和验证。结果表明,该波束成形网络比常规方法节省了大量资源,并实现了多波束等通量覆盖的设计目标。     

阵列测量中的卡尔曼滤波器算法

针对经典波束形成算法不具备实时性、占用存储空间大、计算速度慢等缺点,提出了基于卡尔曼滤波器的算法。这种算法将信号处理领域中现有的卡尔曼滤波器理论与阵列信号处理过程相结合,在频域内对声学阵列所采集到的数据进行迭代处理,不仅能够及时发现风洞测量中存在的各种问题,而且可以实时消除由测量环境所引起的各种误差。仿真结果表明,这种算法比经典波束形成算法收敛速度更快,不仅成像效果很好,而且能够对低速运动声源进行定位。此算法具备实时性,为风洞声源的实时定位提供了重要的算法选择。     

固态波动陀螺的相位跟踪和解调

固态波动陀螺信号的解调和调制决定了控制信号和输出信号的精度,而解调和调制依赖于相位跟踪器生成的本地载波精度,良好的相位跟踪器消耗硬件资源少,并能保证陀螺组件的整体性能。本文设计了一种通过CORDIC算法实现的固态波动陀螺的相位跟踪器和解调器。通过研究分析发现,以CORDIC算法为核心的相位跟踪器适合FPGA数字控制方案,它有资源消耗低、不需要外接存储芯片等优点。     

面向医学超声图像坐标变换的CORDIC算法优化

本文提出一种用于医学超声内窥成像坐标变换的改进坐标标定的CORDIC(MCC-CORDIC)算法.在传统CORDIC算法的基础上,重新标定直角坐标,同时通过简单的数学转换将坐标位置映射到第1象限后进行坐标变换,减少FPGA资源使用量的同时解决了算法在[0,360°]范围内收敛角度范围不足的问题;通过对数据位宽、模校正方法的优化,提高了算法的精度;基于流水线结构的硬件实现使算法满足超声实时成像的要求.经仿真与超声实时成像实验验证,极角误差由0.006 3 rad减小到0.000 5 rad,极径误差由0.082减小到0.03.     

基于协方差矩阵加权的任意阵列宽带恒定束宽波束形成方法

提出了基于协方差矩阵加权方法的恒定束宽波束形成方法,它适用于任意几何形状和阵元方向性的传感器阵列。设计方法为：首先将设计频带分成若干子带,采用优化方法,通过对各子带波束施加约束,设计出具有设定波束形状的各子带波束。然后,对各子带波束进行能量综合,完成宽带信号处理。该方法解决了协方差矩阵加权波束形成方法在宽带系统中会出现的频谱畸变问题．提高了其宽带信号处理性能,为此类的宽带系统设计提供了理论支持。通过计算机仿真和湖试实验数据验证了方法的正确性。     

自适应Notch滤波器在阵列信号处理中的应用

为了不增大阵列尺度采用信号处理方法得到高分辨率的波束指向性,首先利用Notch滤波器的＂离线重构＂实现窄带波束形成,进而结合其瞬时相位估计方法,研究了基于自适应Notch滤波器的恒定束宽波束形成技术,利用信号处理方法将矢量传感器阵列接收的低频窄带信号转化为具有指向性的较高频率波束,并采用虚拟阵元技术消除波束栅瓣的影响,给出了实际应用中具体的信号处理方法。仿真和湖试验证表明这种基于自适应Notch滤波器的恒定束宽波束形成方法是合理可行的。最后,针对适应实时信号处理的要求提出将这种方法与目标自动跟踪系统相结合的改进方向。     

超波束处理方法的快速实现及试验验证

提出了超波束处理方法在主动声纳中的快速实现方法。通过对阵元信号进行下变频降采样,并采用阵元信号先匹配滤波再波束形成的步骤,降低了信号处理的计算复杂度,使超波束处理方法易于在实时信号处理系统上实现。使用湖试数据处理结果验证了实现方法的正确性,并对超波束处理方法的性能进行了比较。     

一种改进的基于局部能量图像融合算法

分析了基于局部能量的小波图像融合算法的优缺点,针对该算法存在的对窗口内像素包含独立信息考虑不足的问题,提出了一种改进算法。改进算法利用了窗口中心像索的相位信息,将基于局部能量的选择和加权平均融合规则相结合。当两幅源图像小波分解后的对应高频系数相位相同时,采用局部能量极大值准则选择融合图像对应的高频系数,相位相反时,采用局部能量加权平均方法确定融合图像对应的高频系数。实验证明了改进算法的有效性。     

Implementation of single-beam multiplexing encoding with a dually modulated spatial light modulator

We propose a novel method for signal storage and encryption, called single-beam multiplexing encoding. The single beam is composed of an inside signal beam and an outside reference beam. The signal beam is amplitude modulated, and the reference beam is phase modulated. The dual modulation is implemented by a spatial light modulator (SLM). Multiplexing holography with different reference beams from different directions, called directional multiplexing, is analyzed in detail. With an SLM based on a twisted nematic liquid crystal display, we demonstrate a single-beam directional multiplexing method using a holographic encoding technique, and the retrieved signals are presented. This encoding system is more stable, miniaturized, and flexible. It should be of great interest for applications in signal encryption as well as for high-capacity data storage.     

Optimization design of diffractive phase elements for beam shaping

An improved approach called the weighted YG algorithm for the design of the diffractive phase element (DPE) that implements beam shaping in the fractional Fourier transform domain and free space is presented. Modeling designs of the DPE are carried out for several fractional orders and different parameters of the beam for optimally converting a Gaussian profile into a uniform beam. We found that our algorithm can improve the beam shaping effect, reduce the error function, and increase uniformity of light intensity.     

基于FPGA的激光外差干涉仪反正切解调技术

针对高频声学应用中多普勒信号软件解调的局限,提出了一种基于FPGA的数字硬件信号解调方案.基于AD9467设计了高速ADC采集系统,以实现原始多普勒信号的奈奎斯特采样或带通采样;基于Xilinx Zynq-7000片上芯片系统设计数字信号处理系统,实现了 DDS合成参考信号与多普勒信号混频、低通滤波产生I&Q基带信号对...     

供热空调系统效率计算方法

为了明确供热空调系统的能质利用情况,基于单耗分析理论和方法对供热空调系统的分析进行了进一步的研究和探讨。讨论了几种典型供热空调系统形式(锅炉供热、电热供热、热泵空调、吸收式冷热水机组)的效率计算方法,并总结出效率通式。为表征系统整个运行期的平均效率,提出了两种使供热空调系统的分析方法更为全面的方法(供热/冷量加权温度法和燃料加权法),并结合示例全面分析了基于热力学第一定律的一次能源利用率和基于热力学第二定律的效率,从而更为全面地了解各系统在全工况下的能源(质)利用情况。     

A Comprehensive Utility Function for Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing

In mobile edge computing (MEC), one of the important challenges is how much resources of which mobile edge server (MES) should be allocated to which user equipment (UE). The existing resource allocation schemes only consider CPU as the requested resource and assume utility for MESs as either a random variable or dependent on the requested CPU only. This paper presents a novel comprehensive utility function for resource allocation in MEC. The utility function considers the heterogeneous nature of applications that a UE offloads to MES. The proposed utility function considers all important parameters, including CPU, RAM, hard disk space, required time, and distance, to calculate a more realistic utility value for MESs. Moreover, we improve upon some general algorithms, used for resource allocation in MEC and cloud computing, by considering our proposed utility function. We name the improved versions of these resource allocation schemes as comprehensive resource allocation schemes. The UE requests are modeled to represent the amount of resources requested by the UE as well as the time for which the UE has requested these resources. The utility function depends upon the UE requests and the distance between UEs and MES, and serves as a realistic means of comparison between different types of UE requests. Choosing (or selecting) an optimal MES with the optimal amount of resources to be allocated to each UE request is a challenging task. We show that MES resource allocation is sub-optimal if CPU is the only resource considered. By taking into account the other resources, i.e., RAM, disk space, request time, and distance in the utility function, we demonstrate improvement in the resource allocation algorithms in terms of service rate, utility, and MES energy consumption.     

Optical image encryption scheme with multiple light paths based on compressive ghost imaging

An optical image encryption method with multiple light paths is proposed based on compressive ghost imaging. In the encryption process, M random phase-only masks (POMs) are generated by means of logistic map algorithm, and these masks are then uploaded to the spatial light modulator (SLM). The collimated laser light is divided into several beams by beam splitters as it passes through the SLM, and the light beams illuminate the secret images, which are converted into sparse images by discrete wavelet transform beforehand. Thus, the secret images are simultaneously encrypted into intensity vectors by ghost imaging. The distances between the SLM and secret images vary and can be used as the main keys with original POM and the logistic map algorithm coefficient in the decryption process. In the proposed method, the storage space can be significantly decreased and the security of the system can be improved. The feasibility, security and robustness of the method are further analysed through computer simulations.     

Impact of required storage space on storage policy performance in a unit-load warehouse

The performance of a storage policy in a warehouse is usually evaluated on the basis of the average one-way travel distance/time needed to store/retrieve a load. Dividing the storage space into zones based on item turnover frequency can reduce the travel distance. However, for a given number of stored items, a larger number of storage zones also requires more storage space, because of reduced space sharing between the items, which increases travel time. This study considers the required space consumption by storage zoning in comparing the performance of random, full turnover-based and class-based storage policies for a unit-load warehouse operated by a forklift in single-command mode. A generalised travel distance model that considers the required space consumption is developed to compare the performance of these policies. Results show that the one-way travel distance of a random policy decreases with the increase in skewness of the demand curve. By considering the required space consumption, a class-based storage policy performs generally better than a full turnover-based policy. In addition, the optimal warehouse shape factor (ratio of warehouse width to depth) appears to decrease with the skewness of the demand curve. Warehouse managers are advised to adopt a wide-shallow warehouse layout when the item demands are approximately equal, whereas a narrow-deep layout is preferred when the demand curves are steep.