硒对自身免疫性甲状腺炎大鼠Nrf2表达和甲状腺细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨硒对自身免疫性甲状腺炎(autoimmune thyroiditis,AT)大鼠Nrf2表达的影响及凋亡机制。方法通过甲状腺球蛋白免疫诱导AT大鼠模型,同时给予亚硒酸钠灌胃治疗。TUNEL染色检测甲状腺细胞凋亡情况,免疫荧光染色检测甲状腺Nrf2的表达,Western blot检测Nrf2、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达,同时检测各组大鼠自身抗体TGAb、TMAb水平及组织匀浆中SOD活性、MDA含量。结果 AT大鼠经过硒处理后Nrf2、Bcl-2表达及SOD活性明显增加,而Bax表达、MDA含量、TGAb、TMAb水平明显降低(均为P<0.05)。结论通过补硒可显著激活AT大鼠甲状腺Nrf2的表达,降低氧化应激水平,抑制甲状腺细胞凋亡,提示Nrf2可能通过对抗氧化应激损伤进而保护AT大鼠受损的甲状腺细胞。     

亚硒酸钠对实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎大鼠甲状腺细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨亚硒酸钠对实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)大鼠甲状腺细胞凋亡的影响.方法 Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组、自身免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)组和硒干预EAT组.制备EAT大鼠模型,硒干预EAT组给予亚硒酸钠灌胃.用放射免疫法(RIA)测定各组大鼠自身抗体水平,HE染色观察甲状腺组织病理改变及TUNEL法标记甲状腺组织中凋亡细胞,观察甲状腺细胞凋亡情况.结果 正常对照组、EAT组、硒干预EAT组的TgAb分别(6.94±1.13)%、(36.24±3.64)%、(17.23±2.90)%,TmAb分别为(5.96±1.40)%、(27.12±5.06)%、(15.98±2.45)%.硒干预EAT组TgAb、TmAb水平较EAT组明显下降(P<0.05).各组大鼠甲状腺组织炎症程度及凋亡程度评分结果比较显示,不同组别的甲状腺组织病变程度间差别有显著性(P<0.001),硒干预EAT组的甲状腺滤泡破坏程度较EAT组减轻,淋巴细胞浸润减少(P<0.05),甲状腺细胞的凋亡数量较EAT组明显减少(P<0.05).结论 亚硒酸钠可能通过抑制甲状腺细胞的凋亡来减轻或抑制自身免疫性甲状腺炎的免疫损伤.     

碘在自体免疫性甲状腺炎发病中的作用

本文简述碘（Ｉ）作为主要环境因素在自身免疫性甲状腺素类（ＡＩＴＤ）发病中的作用。     

硒对TPOAb的影响研究进展及其在甲状腺疾病中的应用

硒是人体必需的微量元素,近年来,硒与自身免疫性甲状腺炎的关系引起了越来越多的医学研究者的关注。甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb）是甲状腺免疫性自身抗体,它通过免疫介导反应可引起甲状腺滤胞细胞损伤,现有大量研究数据表明TPOAb的滴度随着硒的含量的变化而波动,提示硒的含量与TPOAb的滴度密切相关,进而影响甲状腺疾病的发生。     

连翘提取物对实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎大鼠甲状腺损伤的影响

目的：探讨连翘提取物（FSE）对实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎（EAT）的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法：将90只SD大鼠分为对照组、模型组、FSE 25 mg/kg组、FSE 50 mg/kg组、FSE 100 mg/kg组和硒酵母片组（Selenious组,300μg/kg）,除对照组外,其余各组大鼠均采取皮下注射含猪甲状腺球蛋白的不完全弗氏佐剂制备EAT模型,末次注射完成后FSE25 mg/kg组、FSE 50 mg/kg组、FSE 100 mg/kg组分别给予25、50、100 mg/kg FSE灌胃,Selenious组灌胃300μg/kg硒酵母片,模型组和对照组灌胃等体积生理盐水,连续灌胃2周。HE染色观察甲状腺病理学变化,放射免疫法测定甲状腺功能血清学指标,qRT-PCR检测甲状腺组织炎症相关因子的mRNA水平,ELISA检测血清氧化应激指标,Western blot检测NLRP3/Caspase-1通路蛋白表达情况。结果：对照组甲状腺泡呈椭圆形或圆形,甲状腺组织无淋巴浸润现象,模型组甲状腺泡萎缩、损伤,且伴有上皮增生和间质淋巴浸润现象,FSE(50、100 mg/kg)组、Se...     

Visfatin与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病关系的研究

探讨内脂素（visfatin）与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的关系,进而为自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的诊断、治疗与预后提供新的思路。采用ELISA法测定不同组别自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者和健康人群血浆visfatin水平,并分析visfatin与FT3、FT4、TSH、TPO-Ab、TG-Ab、体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比的关系。结果显示,自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者血浆visfatin水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;桥本甲状腺炎甲减组血浆visfatin水平高于桥本甲状腺炎甲亢组和Graves病组（P〈0.05）;桥本甲状腺炎甲亢组血浆visfatin水平高于Graves病组（P〈0.05）;相关分析显示,Visfatin与FT3、FT4、TSH、TPO-Ab、TG-Ab、BMI和腰臀比不相关（P〉0.05）。结论：Visfatin可能参与了自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的发生发展;Visfatin可能做为诊断自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的参考指标。     

α-硫辛酸对自身免疫性甲状腺炎小鼠炎性反应的抑制作用

目的 探讨α-硫辛酸抑制自身免疫性甲状腺炎(AIT)小鼠炎性反应及对淋巴细胞亚群的影响.方法 将80只NOD.H-2h 4雌鼠随机分为对照组,给予无菌双蒸水灌胃;AIT组给予50 mg/L碘化钠无菌双蒸水灌胃;低及高剂量α-硫辛酸干预组每天腹腔注射0.1和0.4 g/Lα-硫辛酸.每组20只,均持续干预8周.干预8周后...     

TPOAb检测对自身免疫性甲状腺病诊治的价值

自身免疫性甲状腺病(AITD)主要包括Graves’(GD)、桥本甲状腺炎(HT)和特发性粘液性水肿(PM)。抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)与AITD的发生、发展密切相关。笔者以放射免疫分析检测TPOAb ,探讨其对上述疾病的诊治价值。现报道如下。1　对象和方法1 1　对象1 1 1　正常对照组　30     

桥本甲状腺炎与甲状腺原发性淋巴瘤基因重排检测

目的探讨桥本甲状腺炎（HT）和甲状腺原发性淋巴瘤（PTL）的免疫球蛋白（Ig）基因重排特点及2种疾病的相关关系.方法收集PTL 11例（PTL组）,HT 38例（按组织形态学分为HT组和可疑PTL组）,以及相关临床资料.应用PCR技术,采用VH、FR3A、FR3κ共3对引物,对3组标本的Ig重链和轻链的基因重排情况进行检测.结果可疑PTL组重排单克隆率（40.0%）显著高于HT组（10.7%）;PTL组重排单克隆率（72.7%）显著高于可疑PTL组.各组女性患者均显著高于男性,但PTL组男性比例较前两组有所提高.3组病变患者甲状腺球蛋白抗体及甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体的滴度与重排结果无关联.结论PTL与HT在形态学上有交叉,通过PCR技术对这2种疾病中淋巴组织的Ig基因重排的检测,提示桥本甲状腺炎可能进展到甲状腺淋巴瘤,基因重排出现单克隆性早于形态学表现.     

HTLV-I infection in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis).

To investigate the possible relationship of HTLV-I virus infection to autoimmune thyroid disease, we examined, firstly, the frequency of HTLV-I seropositivity among patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and, secondly, the frequency of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Of 144 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the Tokushima and Kochi Prefectures, Japan, 9 (6.3%) were positive for serum HTLV-I virus antibody 2 of whom were confirmed histologically to have Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This percentage is significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the estimated prevalence (2.2%) of HTLV-I carriers among the general population in this region. Of 9 patients with HAM/TSP, 3 (33.3%), including 2 biopsy-proven cases, had evidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This proportion is apparently much higher than the prevalence (1.7%) of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the general population. These findings suggest that HTLV-I virus may be related to the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.     

Influence of immunomodulators,niridazole and levamisole,on autoimmune murine thyroiditis

The pathogenesis of murine autoimmune thyroiditis, induced in mice by immunization with mouse thyroglobulin emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant, is unclear. To investigate the role of cell-mediated immunity in the murine thyroiditis, niridazole (100 mg/kg) and levamisole (12.5 mg/kg) were administered in mice before or after the antigenic challenge.Niridazole decreased the severity of thyroid infiltrates when started before the antigenic challenge. A similar inhibitory effect was observed after administration of levamisole. These findings are consistent with the possibility of a direct involvement of T-lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of autoimmune murine thyroiditis.     

Effect of growth hormone and thyroid hormone on autoimmune thyroiditis in obese chickens

The effect of thyroxine (T₄) and recombinant (rcGH) or purified pituitary-derived (pcGH) chicken growth hormone on the development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) was examined in the Obese strain (OS) chicken. Day-old OS chicks were randomly assigned to a control or 1.0 ppm T₄ supplemented diet and a vehicle or 500 μg rcGH/kg BW daily injection, using a 2×2 factorial design. At 4 weeks, sera were analyzed for anti-thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAAb) using a kinetics-based ELISA. Leucocytic infiltration of the thyroid was assessed using computer-based video imaging techniques. A close correlation between TgAAb and thyroid infiltration was seen with both being decreased (p<0.05) by the T₄/rcGH treatment. Neither the T₄ or rcGH alone produced this effect and the rcGH treatment significantly elevated TgAAb. In a second experiment, all but the control group received 1.0 ppm T₄ supplementation and two of the T₄-treated groups received either 50 or 200 μg pcGH/kg BW by daily injection. As before, T₄/pcGH significantly reduced TgAAb and thyroid infiltration. T₄ alone produced no significant effects. These data support the conclusion that the combined treatment of T₄ and cGH exert an immunomodulatory effect within a strain that is predisposed to autoimmune thyroiditis while GH treatment alone exacerbated the condition. These results also show that video imaging techniques can be used to evaluate the extent of histopathology present within the OS thyroid.     

Diagnostic usefulness of fragments of crushed cells in autoimmune thyroiditis

Fine-needle aspiration cytology has emerged as an important diagnostic tool in cases of autoimmune thyroiditis. However, the patchy nature of this disease and its coexistence with other thyroid pathologies, with only subtle demonstrable cytologic features in many cases can lead to misdiagnosis. Of 313 thyroid aspirates, 62 were diagnosed as autoimmune thyroiditis. Fragments of crushed cells were observed in 51 (82.11%) of autoimmune thyroiditis (P < 0.001). The presence of "crush artifact" that can be easily picked up on low magnification should be used as an important criterion for the diagnosis of thyroiditis. It is particularly helpful in cellular smears from thyroiditis to avoid misdiagnosis of neoplasia.     

桥本甲状腺炎伴甲状腺癌临床病理分析

目的　探讨桥本甲状腺炎 (Hashimoto’sthyroiditis,HT)与甲状腺癌的关系。 方法　对 80例HT和其中 14例并发甲状腺癌的HE片进行形态学观察 ,部分病例进行PCNA、p5 3免疫组化标记。结果　HT及甲状腺癌旁组织有滤泡上皮细胞增生、乳头状增生、不典型增生至癌变移行 (过渡 )的形态 ,其PCNA表达逐渐增强 (P <0 0 1) ,p5 3在少数不典型增生及癌变区呈低度阳性表达 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　HT与甲状腺癌发生关系密切 ,HT中甲状腺滤泡上皮增殖活跃 ,易于癌变。HT是一种具有恶变潜能的病变 ,应引起高度重视。     

Association of autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease with Juvenile Polyposis due to 10q23.1q23.31 deletion: Potential role of PI3K/Akt pathway dysregulation

Juvenile Polyposis (JP) is a rare hereditary condition characterized by diffuse hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyposis, associated with a significantly increased risk of neoplastic transformation. Most of the cases are caused by SMAD and BMPR1A mutations, while 10q23 microdeletions, encompassing both PTEN and BMPR1A oncogenes, are extremely rare, typically associated with more aggressive JP, and extraintestinal features overlapping with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome. We present the first case of a young female with multiple autoimmune disorders (i.e. thyroiditis and celiac disease), associated with JP, cardiac defects and epilepsy, who carries a de novo heterozygous 10q23.1q23.31 deletion. The dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is advanced as the putative mechanism connecting autoimmune, malformative and neoplastic disorders. A literature review of clinical manifestation, gene alterations and the treatment of patients with 10q23 deletion is also provided, highlighting the importance of comprehensive, long-term, multi-disciplinary management, aimed at early identification and treatment of both intestinal and extraintestinal disorders.     

Postpartum silent thyroiditis simulating a malignant lymphoma of the thyroid

A case of postpartum silent thyroiditis simulating a malignant lymphoma of the thyroid is reported. The patient was a 30-yr-old female who had received irradiation thearapy to the neck for malignant lymphoma of the thyroid 9 yr previously. She was referred to our department because of a struma associated with acute aggravation of chronic thyroiditis after parturition. In this case, the mechanism of the disease was explained by the “immune rebound hypothesis”. It was difficult to differentiate postpartum silent thyroiditis from malignant lymphoma of the thyroid, either clinically or cytologically, when the immune-rebound phenomenon with lymphocytic infiltration and the appearance of lymphoid follicles were prominent. The immunological status of patients with chronic thyroiditis accompanied by morphological changes should be taken into consideration before establishing the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid.     

Association studies of the IL-23R gene in autoimmune thyroid disease in the Japanese population

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), are caused by interplays of genetic factors and environmental triggers. Interleukin-23 and its receptor (IL-23R) guide T cells towards the Th17 phenotype. IL-23R single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to be associated with several autoimmune diseases, including Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis, and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) in Caucasians. To determine whether variants in the IL-23R gene are associated with AITDs in Japanese, 464 Japanese AITD patients (290 with GD, 174 with HT) and 179 matched Japanese control subjects were genotyped for four SNPs spanning the IL-23R gene. SNPs rs11209026 and rs7530511 were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays and SNPs rs2201841 and rs10889677 were genotyped using a fluorescent-based restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Case-control association studies were performed using the χ² and Fisher's exact tests with Yates correction. Of the four SNPs rs11209026 was non-polymorphic in our dataset. The other three SNPs were not associated with GD or GO or HT in our Japanese population. These results suggest that the IL-23R gene is associated with AITDs only in a specific ethnic group.